plethora 过多；过剩；[医] 多血症
N-SING A plethora of something is a large amount of it, especially an amount of it that is greater than you need, want, or can cope with. 过剩
A plethora of new operators will be allowed to enter the market.
过多的新经营者将获准进入市场。
dearth：缺乏
N-SING If there is a dearth of something, there is not enough of it. 不足
Construction had slowed because of a dearth of labourers.
建筑进程缓慢是因为劳动力不足。
replete：充满
- ADJ To be replete with something means to be full of it. 充满的; 装满的
The harbour was replete with boats.
港口里满是船只。 - ADJ If you are replete, you are pleasantly full of food and drink. 吃饱喝足的; 酒足饭饱的
Replete, guests can then retire to the modern conservatory for coffee.
吃饱喝足后，宾客们可以到现代化的暖房里享受一杯咖啡。
deplete：消耗
V-T To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it. 消耗
…substances that deplete the ozone layer.
…消耗臭氧层的物质。
replenish：补充）
V-T If you replenish something, you make it full or complete again. 重新充满; 再度装满
Three hundred thousand tons of cereals are needed to replenish stocks.
需要30万吨谷物才能重新装满仓库。
ploy 策略；活动；工作
N-COUNT A ploy is a way of behaving that someone plans carefully and secretly in order to gain an advantage for themselves. 计策; 手段
Christmas should be a time of excitement and wonder, not a cynical marketing ploy.
圣诞节应该是激动人心的奇妙时刻，而不是自私牟利的营销计谋。
maneuvre 操纵
Frankness is the most advisable maneuver
坦诚是最明智的策略.
employ：应用
- V-T If a person or company employs you, they pay you to work for them. 雇用
More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry.
超过3000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。 - V-T If you employ certain methods, materials, or expressions, you use them. 使用
The group will employ a mix of tactics to achieve its aim.
该团体将运用混合策略来实现其目标。 - V-T If your time is employed in doing something, you are using the time you have to do that thing. 利用
Your time could be usefully employed in attending night classes.
你的时间可以被有效地利用来上夜课。
plot：剧情 - N-COUNT A plot is a secret plan by a group of people to do something that is illegal or wrong, usually against a person or a government. 阴谋
Security forces haave uncovered a plot to overthrow the government.
安全部队已经揭穿了一个推翻政府的阴谋。 - V-T If people plot to do something or plot something that is illegal or wrong, they plan secretly to do it. 密谋
The military were plotting a coup.
该军方当时正在密谋政变。 - V-T When people plot a strategy or a course of action, they carefully plan each step of it. 制订
Yesterday’s meeting was intended to a plot a survival strategy of the party.
昨天的会议旨在制订该党的生存策略。 - N-VAR The plot of a film, novel, or play is the connected series of events which make up the story. 情节
He began to tell me the plot of his new book.
他开始向我讲述他新书的情节。 - N-COUNT A plot of land is a small piece of land, especially one that has been measured or marked out for a special purpose, such as building houses or growing vegetables. 小块圈地
I thought that I’d buy my self a small plot of land and build a house on it.
我觉得我应该给自己买一小块地，在上面盖一所房子。 - V-T When someone plots something on a graph, they mark certain points on it and then join the points up. (在曲线图上) 绘制
We plotted about eight points on the graph.
我们在图表上绘出了大约有八个点的曲线。 - V-T When someone plots the position or course of a plane or ship, they mark it on a map using instruments to obtain accurate information. 标绘
We were trying to plot the course of the submarine.
我们当时正试图标绘出那艘潜艇的航线。 - V-T If someone plots the progress or development of something, they make a diagram or a plan which shows how it has developed in order to give some indication of how it will develop in the future. 用图表展示 (发展趋势)
They used a computer to plot the movements of everyone in the police station on December 24, 1990.
他们使用计算机绘制了图表，来显示1990年12月24日警察局中每个人的行动。
precipitate突如其来的；猛地落下的；急促的
- V-T If something precipitates an event or situation, usually a bad one, it causes it to happen suddenly or sooner than normal. 造成…仓促发生
The killings in Vinius have precipitated the worst crisis yet.
维尔纽斯的杀戮事件快速引发了迄今为止最严重的危机。 - ADJ A precipitate action or decision happens or is made more quickly or suddenly than most people think is sensible. 仓促的
I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.
我认为我们不应该做出仓促的决定。
precipitous：陡峭的 - ADJ A precipitous slope or drop is very steep and often dangerous. 险峻的; 陡峭的
The town is perched on the edge of a steep, precipitous cliff. - ADJ A precipitous change is sudden and unpleasant. (变化)突然的; 急剧的
The stock market’s precipitous drop frightened foreign investors.
该股市价格猛跌让外国投资者恐惧。
precipitation：降水 - N-UNCOUNT Precipitation is rain, snow, or hail. 降水
But with no signs of any precipitation, the prospect of the harvest looks bleak.
但是由于没有任何降水的迹象，收获的前景看起来很渺茫。 - N-UNCOUNT Precipitation is a process in a chemical reaction that causes solid particles to become separated from a liquid. 沉淀; 沉析
Methods outlined in the monograph include: use of crushed clay pots, bone charcoal, contact precipitation, or use of activated alumina (absorptive filter).
专著中概述的方法包括：使用粗砂壶、骨炭、接触沉淀，或使用活性氧化铝（吸收型过滤器）。
imprudence：轻率）
I hope not so. Imprudence or thoughtlessness in money matters would be unpardonable in me.
但愿不会如此。我要是在银钱问题上粗心大意，那是不可原谅的。
precocious 早熟的；过早发育的
ADJ A precocious child is very clever, mature, or good at something, often in a way that you usually only expect to find in an adult. 早熟的
She burst on to the world tennis scene as a precocious 14-year-old.
她作为一个14岁的早熟孩子突然出现在了世界网坛上。
premature：过早
- ADJ Something that is premature happens earlier than usual or earlier than people expect. 提早的
Accidents are still the number one cause of premature death for Americans.
事故仍然是美国人非自然死亡的首要原因。 - ADJ You can say that something is premature when it happens too early and is therefore inappropriate. 过早的
It now seems their optimism was premature.
目前，他们的乐观好像还为时过早。 - ADJ A premature baby is one that was born before the date when it was expected to be born. 早产的
Even very young premature babies respond to their mother’s presence.
即使很小的早产儿也会对母亲的在场有所反应。
concoct：炮制 - V-T If you concoct an excuse or explanation, you invent one that is not true. 编造
Mr. Ferguson said the prisoner concocted the story to get a lighter sentence.
费格森先生说该囚犯为了获轻罚编造了这个故事。 - V-T If you concoct something, especially something unusual, you make it by mixing several things together. 调制
Eugene was concocting Rossini Cocktails from champagne and pureed raspberries.
尤金正在用香槟和覆盆子果泥调制罗西尼鸡尾酒。
concoction：药汁
N-COUNT A concoction is something that has been made out of several things mixed together. 调制品
… a concoction of honey, yoghurt, oats, and apples.
…一种加了蜂蜜、酸奶、燕麦和苹果的调制品。
fabricate：制作
V-T If someone fabricates information, they invent it in order to deceive people. 伪造
All four claim that officers fabricated evidence against them.
4人全部声称官员们伪造了不利于他们的证据。
predicament（predict：预测
N-COUNT If you are in a predicament, you are in an unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of. 困境
Hank explained our predicament.
汉克说明了我们的困境。
dilemma：困境
N-COUNT A dilemma is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives. 进退两难的局面
He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country.
他面临着是否回国的艰难选择。
valediction：别离辞
He gave a toughing valediction at graduation.
他在毕业典礼上发表了动人的告别辞。
farewell：告别
This is your farewell kiss, you dog!
这是你的告别之吻，你这条狗！
verdict：结论是 - N-COUNT In a court of law, the verdict is the decision that is given by the jury or judge at the end of a trial. 裁决
The jury returned a unanimous guilty verdict.
该陪审团作出了一份一致通过的有罪裁决。 - N-COUNT Someone's verdict on something is their opinion of it, after thinking about it or investigating it. 判断
The doctor’s verdict was that he was entirely healthy.
这名医生的判断是他完全是健康的。
indict：起诉
V-T If someone is indicted for a crime, they are officially charged with it. 控告
He was later indicted on corruption charges.
他后来被控贪污。
edict：诏书
N-COUNT An edict is a command or instruction given by someone in authority. 命令; 指令
He issused an edict that none of his writings be destroyed.
他下了一道命令：他写的所有东西都不得毁掉。
abdicate：放弃 - V-I If a king or queen abdicates, he or she gives up being king or queen. 退位
The last French king was Louis Philippe, who abdicated in 1848.
最后一位法国国王是路易斯·菲利普, 退位于1848年。 - V-T If you say that someone has abdicated responsibility for something, you disapprove of them because they have refused to accept responsibility for it any longer. 推卸 (职责)
Many parents simply abdicate all responsibility for their children.
很多父母干脆推卸掉他们对孩子的所有责任
vindicate：表白
V-T If a person or their decisions, actions, or ideas are vindicated, they are proved to be correct, after people have said that they were wrong. 证明是正确的
The director said he had been vindicated by the expers’ report.
主任说专家们的报告证明他是正确的。
vindictive：怀恨在心的
ADJ If you say that someone is vindictive, you are critical of them because they deliberately try to upset or cause trouble for someone who they think has done them harm. 想复仇的表不满
He is so vindictive that he never forgives anybody.
他是非常地有报复心，所以永不原谅任何人。
quandary：困惑
N-COUNT If you are in a quandary, you have to make a decision but cannot decide what to do. 不知所措
The government appears to be in a quandary about what to do with so many people.
该政府对如何安置这么多人显得不知所措。
morass：沼泽
N-COUNT If you describe an unpleasant or confused situation as a morass, you mean that it seems impossible to escape from or resolve, because it has become so serious or so complicated. 困境; 一团乱麻
I tried to drag myself out of the morass of despair.
我试图把自己从绝望的困境中拉出来。
morose：郁闷的
ADJ Someone who is morose is miserable, bad-tempered, and not willing to talk very much to other people. 阴郁的; 坏脾气的
She was morose, pale, and reticent.
她闷闷不乐，面色苍白，沉默寡言。
plight：困境
N-COUNT If you refer to someone's plight, you mean that they are in a difficult or distressing situation that is full of problems. 困境
The nation saw the plight of the farmers, whose crops had died.
该国看到了农民因庄稼死亡而陷入困境。
blight：群 - N-VAR You can refer to something as a blight when it causes great difficulties, and damages or spoils other things. 祸因
The discriminatory policy has really been a blight on America.
这项歧视政策一直以来确实是美国的一个祸因。 - V-T If something blights your life or your hopes, it damages and spoils them. If something blights an area, it spoils it and makes it unattractive. 使损害; 使 (地区) 遭殃
An embarrassing blunder nearly blighted his career before it got off the ground.
他的事业还未起步，就差点因一次难堪的失误断送了。 - N-UNCOUNT Blight is a disease which makes plants dry up and die. 枯萎病
All you can do to prevent potato blight is keep an eye on your crops.
为预防马铃薯枯萎病你惟一能做的就是留意你的庄稼。
predisposition
- N-COUNT If you have a predisposition to behave in a particular way, you tend to behave like that because of the kind of person you are or the attitudes you have. (以某方式行事的) 倾向
There is a thin dividing line between educating the public and creating a predisposition to panic - N-COUNT If you have a predisposition to a disease or illness, it is likely that you will suffer from that disease or illness. (患某种疾病的) 倾向
Obviously something is priming the risk, and it looks like that may be a genetic predisposition.
显然是某种因素引发了这种风险，看上去这很可能是一种遗传倾向。
penchant：爱好
N-SING If someone has a penchant for something, they have a special liking for it or a tendency to do it. 特别的喜好
Your penchant for variety and need for constant stimulation often finds you the strangest bedfellows.
你对新鲜感的嗜好和对持续刺激的需求常常促使你寻找陌生的性伴侣
