如何使用Calligraphy
1.添加依赖
dependencies {
compile 'uk.co.chrisjenx:calligraphy:2.2.0'
}
2.在 assets 文件下加添加字体文件
3.在Application的 OnCreate 中初始化字体配置
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
CalligraphyConfig.initDefault(new CalligraphyConfig.Builder()
.setDefaultFontPath("fonts/Roboto-RobotoRegular.ttf")
.setFontAttrId(R.attr.fontPath)
.build()
);
//....
}
4.在Activity中注入Context,重写一个方法
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context newBase) {
super.attachBaseContext(CalligraphyContextWrapper.wrap(newBase));
}
总体设计
这个库十分的强大,从sample中我们可以发现不仅支持简单的TextView,还支持继承于TextView的一些View,比如Button,EditText,CheckBox之类,还支持有setTypeFace()的自定义view。而且除了从View层面支持外,还包括从style,xml来进行个性化设置字体。
Calligraphy的类只有10个,比较精巧~
接口
CalligraphyActivityFactory---提供一个创建view的方法
HasTypeface---给一个标记告诉里面有需要设置字体的view
Util类
ReflectionUtils---用来获取方法字段,执行方法的Util类
TypefaceUtils---加载asset文件夹字体的Util类
CalligraphyUtils---给view设置字体的Util类
其他的
CalligraphyConfig---全局配置类
CalligraphyLayoutInflater---继承系统自己实现的LayoutInflater,用来创建view
CalligraphyFactory---实现设置字体的地方
CalligraphyTypefaceSpan---Util中需要调用设置字体的类
CalligraphyContextWrapper---hook系统service的类
详细介绍
为了连贯性,我们按照使用的顺序来依次介绍。
首先在Application中我们初始化了 CalligraphyConfig ,运用建造者模式来配置属性,其中类里面有一个静态块,初始了一些Map,里面存放的都是继承于TextView的一些组件的Style。
private static final Map<Class<? extends TextView>, Integer> DEFAULT_STYLES = new HashMap<>();
static {
{
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(TextView.class, android.R.attr.textViewStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(Button.class, android.R.attr.buttonStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(EditText.class, android.R.attr.editTextStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(AutoCompleteTextView.class, android.R.attr.autoCompleteTextViewStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(MultiAutoCompleteTextView.class, android.R.attr.autoCompleteTextViewStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(CheckBox.class, android.R.attr.checkboxStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(RadioButton.class, android.R.attr.radioButtonStyle);
DEFAULT_STYLES.put(ToggleButton.class, android.R.attr.buttonStyleToggle);
if (CalligraphyUtils.canAddV7AppCompatViews()) {
addAppCompatViews();
}
}
}
在最后有一个方法判断能否加入AppCompatView,实际上系统在AppCom中把我们常用的TextView之类的控件都通过Factory转换成了新的AppCompatTextView之类的view,这里也是用了一种取巧的办法,
直接在try catch块里面来调用 Class.forName ,如果找不到这个类的话就被catch住,将 sAppCompatViewCheck 参数设置为 false。看前面的使用说明里面就知道在这个类里面还能设置默认字体,自定义属性。
除了Application需要配置外,在Activity中也需要配置,这一点格外重要,整个字体切换都是基于此的。
//使用自定义的CalligraphyContextWrapper类
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context newBase) {
super.attachBaseContext(CalligraphyContextWrapper.wrap(newBase));
}
attachBaseContext 这个方法是从属于 ContextWrapper 的,Android系统中我们的 Application,Activity,Service其实都是继承于 ContextWrapper,而ContextWrapper则是继承于Context,所以我们的这些类才会有上下文关系。上面这段中我们将当前Activity的Context包装成一个 CalligraphyContextWrapper 的Context,然后设置给 attachBaseContext 这个方法,这样我们后面取到的实际上是包装类的Context 。继续往下看这个包装类,这个类中最重要也是最hack的方法就是下面这个。
//hook方法getSystemService并返回自定义的CalligraphyLayoutInflater类
@Override
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
if (LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
if (mInflater == null) {
mInflater = new CalligraphyLayoutInflater(LayoutInflater.from(getBaseContext()), this, mAttributeId, false);
}
return mInflater;
}
return super.getSystemService(name);
}
这里面实际上是hook了系统的service,当然只针对 LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE ,也就是LayoutInflater的service。LayoutInflater这个应该都很熟悉了,我们在创建view的时候都用到过这个类,实际上所有的创建view都是调用的这个类,即使有一些我们表面的看不到的方法也是用的这个。比如最常用的 LayoutInflater.from(Context context) 方法
public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
(LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
if (LayoutInflater == null) {
throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");
}
return LayoutInflater;
}
所以我们在系统创建view之前将系统的 LayoutInflater 换成了 CalligraphyLayoutInflater 。继续跟进去, CalligraphyLayoutInflater 继承于系统的 LayoutInflater ,先看构造方法,
protected CalligraphyLayoutInflater(LayoutInflater original, Context newContext, int attributeId, final boolean cloned) {
super(original, newContext);
mAttributeId = attributeId;
mCalligraphyFactory = new CalligraphyFactory(attributeId);
setUpLayoutFactories(cloned);
}
attributeId 这个是一个自定义的属性,决定我们在XML中配置字体的前缀,如果用默认的那么这里就是默认的,否则就在最开始的Application中配置, CalligraphyFactory 这个类一会再讲,也是十分重要的类,最后就是调用了 setUpLayoutFactories方法,里面传入了一个 cloned 参数,继续往下走
执行Activity的oncreate方法
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
其实际调用AppCompatActivity内的oncreate方法
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
final AppCompatDelegate delegate = getDelegate();
delegate.installViewFactory();
delegate.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if (delegate.applyDayNight() && mThemeId != 0) {
// If DayNight has been applied, we need to re-apply the theme for
// the changes to take effect. On API 23+, we should bypass
// setTheme(), which will no-op if the theme ID is identical to the
// current theme ID.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
onApplyThemeResource(getTheme(), mThemeId, false);
} else {
setTheme(mThemeId);
}
}
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
关键部分执行installViewFactory()方法
@Override
public void installViewFactory() {
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
if (layoutInflater.getFactory() == null) {
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory(layoutInflater, this);
} else {
if (!(LayoutInflaterCompat.getFactory(layoutInflater)
instanceof AppCompatDelegateImplV7)) {
Log.i(TAG, "The Activity's LayoutInflater already has a Factory installed"
+ " so we can not install AppCompat's");
}
}
}
此处用来设置处理View的类为AppCompatDelegateImplV7也实现了LayoutInflatFactory
当调用到inflate方法的时候将会执行
@Override
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
setPrivateFactoryInternal();
return super.inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
}
setPrivateFactoryInternal方法
private void setPrivateFactoryInternal() {
// Already tried to set the factory.
if (mSetPrivateFactory) return;
// Reflection (Or Old Device) skip.
if (!CalligraphyConfig.get().isReflection()) return;
// Skip if not attached to an activity.
if (!(getContext() instanceof Factory2)) {
mSetPrivateFactory = true;
return;
}
final Method setPrivateFactoryMethod = ReflectionUtils
.getMethod(LayoutInflater.class, "setPrivateFactory");
if (setPrivateFactoryMethod != null) {
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(this,
setPrivateFactoryMethod,
new PrivateWrapperFactory2((Factory2) getContext(), this, mCalligraphyFactory));
}
mSetPrivateFactory = true;
}
该方法是通过反射的方法设置factory为PrivateWrapperFactory2
和 setFactory 相关的函数一共有三个
public void setFactory(LayoutInflater.Factory factory) {
if (mFactorySet) {
throw new IllegalStateException("A factory has already been set on this LayoutInflater");
}
if (factory == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Given factory can not be null");
}
mFactorySet = true;
if (mFactory == null) {
mFactory = factory;
} else {
mFactory = new FactoryMerger(factory, null, mFactory, mFactory2);
}
}
public void setFactory2(Factory2 factory) {
if (mFactorySet) {
throw new IllegalStateException("A factory has already been set on this LayoutInflater");
}
if (factory == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Given factory can not be null");
}
mFactorySet = true;
if (mFactory == null) {
mFactory = mFactory2 = factory;
} else {
mFactory = mFactory2 = new FactoryMerger(factory, factory, mFactory, mFactory2);
}
}
/**
* @hide for use by framework
*/
public void setPrivateFactory(Factory2 factory) {
if (mPrivateFactory == null) {
mPrivateFactory = factory;
} else {
mPrivateFactory = new FactoryMerger(factory, factory, mPrivateFactory, mPrivateFactory);
}
}
此处调用的是第三个
private static class FactoryMerger implements Factory2 {
private final Factory mF1, mF2;
private final Factory2 mF12, mF22;
FactoryMerger(Factory f1, Factory2 f12, Factory f2, Factory2 f22) {
mF1 = f1;
mF2 = f2;
mF12 = f12;
mF22 = f22;
}
public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
View v = mF1.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
if (v != null) return v;
return mF2.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
}
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
View v = mF12 != null ? mF12.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs)
: mF1.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
if (v != null) return v;
return mF22 != null ? mF22.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs)
: mF2.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
}
}
FactoryMerger 实现了 Factory2 接口,构造函数有四个参数,前两个是新的 Factory ,后两个参数是旧的 Factory ,回调中先调用新的 Factory ,如果返回为空,则调用旧的 Factory,如果不为空则直接返回
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
private static class WrapperFactory2 implements Factory2 {
protected final Factory2 mFactory2;
protected final CalligraphyFactory mCalligraphyFactory;
public WrapperFactory2(Factory2 factory2, CalligraphyFactory calligraphyFactory) {
mFactory2 = factory2;
mCalligraphyFactory = calligraphyFactory;
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
return mCalligraphyFactory.onViewCreated(
mFactory2.onCreateView(name, context, attrs),
context, attrs);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
return mCalligraphyFactory.onViewCreated(
mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs),
context, attrs);
}
}
可以看到我们最终调用的是 CalligraphyFactory 的 onViewCreated 方法,终于到了关键的地方,继续看这个方法的实现,
public View onViewCreated(View view, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (view != null && view.getTag(R.id.calligraphy_tag_id) != Boolean.TRUE) {
onViewCreatedInternal(view, context, attrs);
view.setTag(R.id.calligraphy_tag_id, Boolean.TRUE);
}
return view;
}
使用tag的方式,这里的tag代表的其实是有没有被处理过,也就是有没有被设置过字体,可以看到如果tag为false,那么就会调用 onViewCreatedInternal 的方法。
void onViewCreatedInternal(View view, final Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (view instanceof TextView) {
// Fast path the setting of TextView's font, means if we do some delayed setting of font,
// which has already been set by use we skip this TextView (mainly for inflating custom,
// TextView's inside the Toolbar/ActionBar).
if (TypefaceUtils.isLoaded(((TextView) view).getTypeface())) {
return;
}
// Try to get typeface attribute value
// Since we're not using namespace it's a little bit tricky
// Check xml attrs, style attrs and text appearance for font path
String textViewFont = resolveFontPath(context, attrs);
// Try theme attributes
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(textViewFont)) {
final int[] styleForTextView = getStyleForTextView((TextView) view);
if (styleForTextView[1] != -1)
textViewFont = CalligraphyUtils.pullFontPathFromTheme(context, styleForTextView[0], styleForTextView[1], mAttributeId);
else
textViewFont = CalligraphyUtils.pullFontPathFromTheme(context, styleForTextView[0], mAttributeId);
}
// Still need to defer the Native action bar, appcompat-v7:21+ uses the Toolbar underneath. But won't match these anyway.
final boolean deferred = matchesResourceIdName(view, ACTION_BAR_TITLE) || matchesResourceIdName(view, ACTION_BAR_SUBTITLE);
CalligraphyUtils.applyFontToTextView(context, (TextView) view, CalligraphyConfig.get(), textViewFont, deferred);
}
// AppCompat API21+ The ActionBar doesn't inflate default Title/SubTitle, we need to scan the
// Toolbar(Which underlies the ActionBar) for its children.
if (CalligraphyUtils.canCheckForV7Toolbar() && view instanceof android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar) {
final Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) view;
toolbar.getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ToolbarLayoutListener(this, context, toolbar));
}
// Try to set typeface for custom views using interface method or via reflection if available
if (view instanceof HasTypeface) {
Typeface typeface = getDefaultTypeface(context, resolveFontPath(context, attrs));
if (typeface != null) {
((HasTypeface) view).setTypeface(typeface);
}
} else if (CalligraphyConfig.get().isCustomViewTypefaceSupport() && CalligraphyConfig.get().isCustomViewHasTypeface(view)) {
final Method setTypeface = ReflectionUtils.getMethod(view.getClass(), "setTypeface");
String fontPath = resolveFontPath(context, attrs);
Typeface typeface = getDefaultTypeface(context, fontPath);
if (setTypeface != null && typeface != null) {
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(view, setTypeface, typeface);
}
}
}
代码比较长,整体分析一下,首先是 判断是不是 TextView 的类或者是子类,然后如果已经有 TypeFace也就是字体,那么直接跳过,往下走就是 resolveFontPath 方法,这个主要是从三个方面来提取字体文件, xml , style , TextAppearance ,然后给view设置上自定义的字体。除了正常的view之外,下面还兼容了 ToolBar ,实现了 hasTypeface 接口的view,以及自定义中有 setTypeface 的view。
通过整个方法的调用就完成了自定义字体的设置。
总结
整个源码分析到这里差不多脉络都比较清晰了,如果还有不清楚的,可以通读一次源码,自己对照github上的sample进行修改就能理解更深。作者为了兼容不同的场景写的也比较用心,代码也比较多和杂乱,但是核心实际上就是 自定义LayoutInflater以及其中的Factory来hook住系统创建view的过程,并且加上我们自己的处理,只要理解了这个思想,无论是这种字体切换或者是皮肤切换都是一样的道理,比如切换皮肤实际上也就是切换颜色,背景等属性,这些使用Factory都是可以做到的。
功能虽然各式各样,但是把握核心本质,自然就能在各种需求中游刃有余~