一开始使用TS不太习惯,但是用了一段时间,发现有类型的支持,书写起来真是爽歪歪,下面介绍几个TS初步上手时解决的类型支持的问题
1、父子组件通过prop传参,在子组件中强化类型支持
父组件向子组件传值,子组件通过 defineProps
接收值,有两种方式可以强化类型:
1.1、在子组件中通过PropType
修饰,并传入泛型,这时候会发现,使用的时候写一个点,后面的属性就提示出来了
1.2、还可以定义一个type,在
defineProps
传入这个泛型type:另外补充一下:如果要设置默认值 需要使用withDefaults
:
type Props = {
dataInfo?: DataInfo;
};
// const props = defineProps<Props>();
withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
dataInfo: ()=> {return {title: '默认title',id: '默认值id'}}
})
2、vuex4 在项目中使用类型支持
用代码简单实现了一个改变登录状态的小demo
父组件切换登录状态,子组件更新登录状态
完整代码:
store->index.ts 文件
import { createStore, Store } from "vuex";
//从vue 中引入一个 InjectionKey
import {InjectionKey} from 'vue'
//使用全局唯一的值创建一个injectionKey
export const injectionKey: InjectionKey<Store<State>> = Symbol()
export type State = {
isLogin: boolean
}
export default createStore({
state: {
isLogin: false,
},
mutations: {
changeLoginState(state, payload) {
state.isLogin = payload
},
},
});
main.ts 文件
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store, { injectionKey } from './store'
//插件安装时 作为参数传入 injectionKey
createApp(App).use(store, injectionKey).mount('#app')
Child.vue 文件
<template>
<div style="background-color:#42b983;">
<h2>这是子组件</h2>
<h3>{{ dataInfo?.title }}</h3>
<h3>id: {{ dataInfo?.id }}</h3>
<h4>当前登录状态:{{isLogin ? '已登录' : '未登录'}}</h4>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { computed, defineProps, PropType, toRefs } from "vue";
import { useStore } from "vuex";
import { injectionKey } from "../store";
export interface DataInfo {
title: string;
id: string;
}
//在组件中使用的时候 传入 injectionKey
const store = useStore(injectionKey)
const isLogin = computed(()=> store.state.isLogin)
const props = defineProps({
dataInfo: Object as PropType<DataInfo>,
});
const { dataInfo } = toRefs(props);
</script>
App.vue
<script setup lang="ts">
// This starter template is using Vue 3 <script setup> SFCs
// Check out https://v3.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#sfc-script-setup
import HelloWorld from "./components/HelloWorld.vue";
import Child, { DataInfo } from "./components/Child.vue";
import { reactive } from "vue";
import { useStore } from "vuex";
import { injectionKey } from "./store";
const store = useStore(injectionKey);
let state = reactive<{ dataInfo: DataInfo }>({
dataInfo: { title: "这是标题", id: "123132123" },
});
const login = () => {
store.commit("changeLoginState", true);
};
const logout = () => {
store.commit("changeLoginState", false);
};
</script>
<template>
<div style="background-color: #ffccff; width: 400px; height: 400px">
<h2>这是父组件</h2>
<button @click="login">登录</button>
<button @click="logout">退出</button>
<child :data-info="state.dataInfo"></child>
</div>
</template>
<style>
#app {
font-family: Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
text-align: center;
color: #2c3e50;
margin-top: 60px;
}
</style>