Test1 listening
One in ten black bears is actually born with a white coat, which is the result of a special gene that surfaces in a few
the old-growth trees have extremely Iona roots that help prevent erosion of the soil along the banks of the many fish streams
Keeping these banks intact is important because these streams are home to salmon

It is currently found on a small number of islands --Today, the spirit bear lives off the coast of the province of British Columbia on a few islands

be found on 同义替换表示存在/生活于在地点

stripped the land

they have built roads which have fractured the areas where the bear usually feeds, and many hibernation sites have also been lost.
hibernation 冬眠

All these influences have a negative impact on the spirit bear’s very existence, which is made all the more fragile bv the fact that reproduction among these bears has always been disappointingly low.

Maintenance and expansion of the spirit bears territory is needed. -- While it is important to maintain the spirit bear's habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its expansion.

ecology intact完整无缺的 fracture v .破坏
sustain lush dedicate surface v.显露
expand expansion extend extension
tricky pressurize dissertation drawback弱点
respondent 受访者 sufficient-enough
check-in fitness suite weight-training referee 裁判
hockey badmiton rugby橄榄球 softball垒球 squash壁球
hurdle跨栏 track and field

The idea is to pressurise the carbon dioxide so that it becomes a liquid.
The fluid is then released into the dishwasher where it cleans the dishes all by itself

Well, it’s an international design competition and we have to come up with
a new design for a typical domestic kitchen appliance.
家用厨房用具
that’s where the liquid is depressurised and so it reverts to a gas. Then the oil and grease
are separated out and sent to the waste system
这就是液体减压的地方，因此它恢复到气体。 然后油和油脂被分离出来并送往废物系统。

It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at
an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
What sort o f punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to
teach good behaviour to children?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

Describe som eone you know who does som ething well.
You should say:
who this person is
how you know this person
what they do well
and explain w hy you think this
person is so good at doing this.

Discussion topics:
Skills and abilities
Example questions:
What skills and abilities do people most want to have today? Why?
Which skills should children learn at school? Are there any skills which they should learn
at home? What are they?
Which skills do you think will be important in the future? Why?
Salaries fo r skilled people
Example questions:
Which kinds of jobs have the highest salaries in your country? Why is this?
Are there any other jobs that you think should have high salaries? Why do you think that?
Some people say it would be better for society if everyone got the same salary. What do
you think about that? Why?

test2

v i c t o r ： Right, w e ll, fo r o u r pre sen ta tion sha ll I start w ith th e e arly life o f T h or
Heyerdahl?
o liv ia ： Sure. W h y d o n ’t you beg in w ith de s crib ing th e type o f bo y he w a s,
especially his passion for collecting things.
v i c t o r ： That’s right, he had his own little museum. And I think it’s unusual for
children to develop their own values and not join in their parents’ hobbies;
l~m thinking of how Heyerdahl wouldn’t go hunting with his dad, for
example.
o liv ia ： Yeah, he pre ferred to learn a b o u t nature by liste n in g to his m o th e r read to
him. And quite early on he knew he wanted to become an explorer when
he grew up. That came from his camping trips he went on in Norway I
think ...
v i c t o r ： No, it was climsbing that he s p e n t h is tim e on as a vou na m an.
o liv ia ： O h, r ig h t... After university he m arried a classmate and together, th e y
decided to experience living on a small island, to find out how harsh
weather conditions shaped people's lifestyles.
v i c t o r ： A s part o f th e ir pre paration be fore th e y le ft hom e, th e y le arn t ba s ic
survival skills like building a shelter. I guess they needed that knowledge
in order to live wild in a remote location with few inhabitants, cut off by the
sea, which is what they were aiming to do.
o liv ia ： A n im p ortan t part o f y o u r ta lk shou ld be the rad ica l th e o ry H e yerd ah l
formed from examining mysterious ancient carvings that he happened to
find on the island. I think you should finish with that.
v i c t o r ： O K.

liv ia ： All right, Victor, so afte r your part l'll ta lk a b o u t Thor Heyerdahl’s adult life,
continuing from the theory he had about Polynesian migration. Up until
that time of course, academics had believed that humans first migrated to
the islands in Polynesia from Asia, in the west.
v ic t o r ： Yes, th e y th o u g h t th a t tra ve l from th e ea st w a s im po ss ib le, be cau se o f
the huge, empty stretch of ocean that lies between the islands and the
nearest inhabited land.
o liv ia ： Yes, but Heyerdahl s p e n t age s stud y ing th e c loud m o ve m en ts, ocean
currents and wind patterns to find if it was actually possible. And another argument was that there was no tradition of large ship-building in the communities lying to the east of Polynesia. But Heyerdahl knew they
made lots o f coastal voyages in locally built canoes.
v ic to r ： Yes, or sailing on rafts, as w as shown by the long voyage that Heyerdahl
did next. It was an incredibly risky journey to undertake- sometimes I
wonder if he did that trip for private reasons, you know? To show others
that he could have spectacular adventures. W hat do you think, O livia?
O liv ia ： W ell, I think it was more a m atter o f sim olv trying out his idea, to see if
migration from the east was possible.
v ic to r ： Yes, that’s probably it. And the poor guy suffered a bit at that tim e
because the war forced him to stop his work for some years ...
o liv ia ： Yes. W hen he got started again and planned his epic voyage, do you think
it was im portant to him that he achieve it before anyone else did?
v ic to r ： Um, I haven’t read anywhere that that was his motivation. The most
im portant factor seem s to have been that he use only ancient techniques
and local materials to build his raft.
o liv ia ： Yes. I w onder how fast it went.
v ic to r ： Well, it took them 97 days from South America to the Pacific Islands.
olivia ： Mm. And after that, Heyerdahl went to Easter Island, didn’t he? We should
mention the purpose o f that trip. I think he sailed there in a boat m ade out
o f reeds.
v ic to r ： No, that was later on in Egypt, O livia.
o liv ia ： Oh, yes, that’s right.
v ic to r ： But w hat he wanted to do was ta lk to the local people about the ir old
stone carvings and then make one him self to learn m ore about the
process.
o liv ia ： I see. W ell, w hat a great life. Even though m any o f his theories have
been disproven, he certainly left a lasting im pression on many disciplines,
d idn ’t he? To mv mind, he was the first person to establish w hat modern
academ ics call practical archaeology. I mean, that they try to recreate
som ething from the oast today, like he did w ith his raft trip. It’s unfortunate
that his ideas about w here Polynesians originated from have been
com pletely discredited.
v ic to r ： Yes. Right, well, I’ll prepare a PowerPoint slide at the end that
acknowledges our sources. I mainly used The L ife a n d W ork o f T hor
H e y e rd a h l by William Oliver. I thought the research methods he used
were very sound, although I must sav I found the overall tone som ewhat
old-fashioned. I think they need to do a new, revised edition.
o liv ia ： Yeah, I agree. What about the subject matter - I found it rea lly challenging!
v ic to r ： Well, it’s a com plex issue ...
o liv ia ： I thought the book had lots o f good points. W hat did you think o f ...