SQL分类
DDL (数据定义语句)
数据定义语言 - Data Definition Language
用来定义数据库的对象,如数据表、视图、索引等
DML (数据操纵语句)
数据处理语言 - Data Manipulation Language
在数据库表中更新,增加和删除记录
如 update, insert, delete --- 增删改
DCL (数据控制语句)
数据控制语言 – Data Control Language
指用于设置用户权限和控制事务语句
如grant,revoke,if…else,while,begin transaction
DQL (数据查询语句)
数据查询语言 – Data Query Language
select
数据库操作
- 1.创建数据库
方法一:
create database 数据库名字;
例如: create database day06;
方法二:
create database 数据库名字 character set 字符集;
例如: create database day06_1 character set utf8;
方法三:
create database 数据库名字 character set 字符集 collate 校对规则;
例如: create database day06_2 character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
创建成功打印如下:
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)
- 2.查看数据库
查看所有数据库
show databases;
查看数据库定义的语句
show create database 数据库名字;
例如:show create database day06;
例如:show create database day06_1;
查询成功打印如下:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| day06 |
| day06_1 |
| day06_2 |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| day06 | CREATE DATABASEday06
/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci */ |
+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 3.修改数据库操作
修改数据的字符集
alter database 数据库的名字 character set 字符集;
例如: alter database day06_1 character set gbk;
修改前打印如下:
mysql> mysql> show create database day06_1;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| day06_1 | CREATE DATABASEday06_1
/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改
mysql> alter database day06_1 character set gbk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
修改后打印如下:
mysql> show create database day06_1;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| day06_1 | CREATE DATABASEday06_1
/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 4.删除数据库
drop database 数据库名字;
例如: drop database day06_1;
打印如下:
删除数据库
mysql> drop database day06_1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
查询数据库,day06_1表示已经删除
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| day06 |
| day06_2 |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 5.其他数据库操作
use 数据库名字;
例如: use day06;
查看一下当前正在使用的数据库
例如:select database();
打印如下:
mysql> use day06;
Database changed
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| day06 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)