coursera课堂笔记Grammar and Punctuation，主要是逗号的用法，稍微夹杂了些分号，都比较简单和基础，如果发现任何错误请留言给我，各位请留言给我。
Four types of sentences
- simple sentence=independent clause
Sam washes his face. - compound sentence=independent clause+independent clause
Sam washes his face,and he combed his hair. - complex sentence=independent clause+dependent clauses
Sam got dressed because it was time for school. - conpound-complex
Because grass needs warm weather,it desen't grow in winter,but it grows in the summer.
A.compound sentence
- Sam washes his face**,and **he combed his hair.
——,conjunction——.
conjunctions：and but so or yet nor - I wsa late to work;therefore,my boss is not happy.
——;transition,——.
transitions：therefore however thus similarly otherwise then nonetheless also furthermore - Susan is very healthy;she usually walks to work.
——;——.
PS.two sentences are very closely related.
compound sentence VS compound verb
James did his homework,and matt read a book.
James did his homework and read a book.
B.complex sentence
- Jeff ate an apple** when** he got home from work.
** when** he got home from work,Jeff ate an apple.
——connector——.
connector——，——.
adverb clause connectors：while when because after since although unless if even if/whether or not/in case/so that
C.other usages
a series of three or more items
She learned to** swim,kayak,and sail.**
Her dress has blue,green,and black stripes.
——,——,conjunction——.
introductory phrases
Due to the bad weather,our game was canceled.
On Monday,my teacher announced a test.
introductory phrase,——.
interrupting phrases
The mayor,by the way,will be at the meeting.
This is the reason,therefore,that you should buy a house.
——,interrupting phrase,——.
ThereforeVSTherefore
- Jane loves books;therefore,she reads them all the time. compound
- Jane loves books.Therefore,she reads them all the time. introductory phrase
- Jane loves books** and,therefore,**she reads them all the time. interrupting phrase
PS. however first thus also likewise in addition
Parallel Structure
balanced：same grammar forms or structures
He loves to swim and sleep.
Cake and cookies are both fattening.
We were hot,tired,and thirsty.
I want to find a gym that is not only cose to my apartment but also I want to find a cheap one/affordable.
He is afraid of being alone but not to die/dying.
Notice：
- use different sentence types.
- use different sentence lengths.
- start sentence differently.
- use synonyms for variety instead of repeat key nouns,or say things in different ways.
