实际编程和面试都会遇到的典型问题。
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如何在列表,字典,集合中根据条件筛选数据
from random import randint
from timeit import timeit
data = [randint(-10,10) for _ in range(10)]
filter(lambda x:x >= 0,data)
#首选列表解析 时间比filter少一半左右
[x for x in data if x >= 0]
data = {x:randint(60,100) for x in range(1,21)}
{k:v for k,v in data.items() if v > 90}
data = set(data)
{x for x in data if x%3==0}
如何为元组中每个元素命名,提高程序的可读性
#第一种
# NAME = 0
# AGE = 1
# SEX = 2
# EMAIL = 3
NAME,AGE,SEX,EMAIL = range(4)
student = ('Jan',14,'male','jan@jan.net')
#name
print(student[NAME])
#第二种
from collections import namedtuple
Student = namedtuple('Student',['name','age','sex','email'])
student= Student('Jan',14,'male','jan@jan.net')
#name
print(student[NAME])
student.age
isinstance(student,tuple)
如何统计序列中元素的出现频度
from random import randint
data = [randint(1,10) for x in range(20)]
c = dict.fromkeys(data,0)
#第一种
for x in data:
c[x]+=1
#第二种
from collections import Counter
c2 = Counter(data)
#出现频度最高的三个
c2.most_common(3)
#统计一篇文章中单词出现次数
import re
#导入Python之禅
import this
c3 = Counter(re.split('\W+',this.s))
如何根据字典中值的大小,对字典中的项排序
from random import randint
data = {x:randint(60,100) for x in 'abcdefg'}
#sorted(data.values())
#第一种
t = zip(data.values(),data.keys())
sorted(t)
#第二种
sorted(data.items(),key=lambda x: x[1])
如何快速找到多个字典中的公共键(key)
from random import randint,sample
s1 = {x: randint(1,4) for x in sample('abcdefgh',randint(3,6))}
s2 = {x: randint(1,4) for x in sample('abcdefgh',randint(3,6))}
s3 = {x: randint(1,4) for x in sample('abcdefgh',randint(3,6))}
#第一种
res = []
for k in s1:
if k in s2 and k in s3:
res.append(k)
#第二种
from functools import reduce
s1.keys()&s2.keys()&s3.keys()
map(dict.keys,[s1,s2,s3])
reduce(lambda a, b:a & b,map(dict.keys,[s1,s2,s3]))
如何让字典保持有序
d = {}
d['Tom'] = (1,30)
d['Linda'] = (1,40)
d['Jack'] = (1,50)
from collections import OrderedDict
d = OrderedDict()
d['Tom'] = (1,30)
d['Linda'] = (1,40)
d['Jack'] = (1,50)
d.keys()
from time import time
from random import randint
sorce = OrderedDict()
players = list('abcdefgh')
start = time()
for i in range(8):
input()
p = players.pop(randint(0, 7 - i))
end = time()
print(i+1,p,end - start)
sorce[p] = (i+1,end - start)
print('-'*20)
for k in sorce:
print(k,sorce[k])
如何实现用户的历史记录功能(最多n条)
from collections import deque
from random import randint
N = randint(0,100)
# 一个容纳5个值的队列
history = deque([],5)
def guess(k):
if k == N:
print('right!')
return True
if k < N:
print('%s is less than N'%k)
else:
print('%s is greater than N'%k)
return False
while True:
input_number = input('please input a number: ')
if input_number.isdigit():
k = int(input_number)
history.append(k)
if guess(k):
break
elif input_number == 'history':
print(list(history))
