正如郭大神所说的那样：

Android UI是线程不安全的，如果在子线程中尝试进行UI操作，程序就有可能会崩溃。相信大家在日常的工作当中都会经常遇到这个问题，解决的方案应该也是早已烂熟于心，即创建一个Message对象，然后借助Handler发送出去，之后在Handler的handleMessage()方法中获得刚才发送的Message对象，然后在这里进行UI操作就不会再出现崩溃了。

首先，来看看Handle的源码

public Handler() {
    if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
        final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
        if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass()
            || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
            Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be 
            static or leaks might occur: " +
            klass.getCanonicalName());
        }
    }
    mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
    if (mLooper == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
            "Can't create handler inside thread that 
             has not called Looper.prepare()");
    }
    mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
    mCallback = null;
}

public static final void prepare() {
    if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
    }
    sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
}

public static final Looper myLooper() {
    return (Looper)sThreadLocal.get();
}

接下来看看Handler是如何传递消息的

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
{
    boolean sent = false;
    MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
    if (queue != null) {
        msg.target = this;
        sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }
    else {
        RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
            this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
        Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
    }
    return sent;
}

final boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
    if (msg.when != 0) {
        throw new AndroidRuntimeException(msg 
          + " This message is already in use.");
    }
    if (msg.target == null && !mQuitAllowed) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread not allowed to quit");
    }
    synchronized (this) {
        if (mQuiting) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(msg.target 
            + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
            Log.w("MessageQueue", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        } else if (msg.target == null) {
            mQuiting = true;
        }
        msg.when = when;
        Message p = mMessages;
        if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
            msg.next = p;
            mMessages = msg;
            this.notify();
        } else {
            Message prev = null;
            while (p != null && p.when <= when) {
                prev = p;
                p = p.next;
            }
            msg.next = prev.next;
            prev.next = msg;
            this.notify();
        }
    }
    return true;
}

public static final void loop() {
    Looper me = myLooper();
    MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
    while (true) {
        Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
        if (msg != null) {
            if (msg.target == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
                    ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "
                    + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what
                    );
            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
            if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
                    "<<<<< Finished to    " + msg.target + " "
                    + msg.callback);
            msg.recycle();
        }
    }
}

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
    if (msg.callback != null) {
        handleCallback(msg);
    } else {
        if (mCallback != null) {
            if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                return;
            }
        }
        handleMessage(msg);
    }
}

参考文献
1.Android异步消息处理机制完全解析，带你从源码的角度彻底理解