关于CocoaPods，是OS X和iOS下的一个第三方类库管理工具，它的好处这里不多说，主要说下如何安装CocoaPods。

CocoaPods的安装需要Ruby环境，Mac系统都自带Ruby，通过下面终端命令查看Ruby版本：

ruby -v

CocoaPods支持的Ruby最低版本是2.2.2，如果自己的版本低于2.2.2就需要更新升级Ruby：

sudo gem update --system

我的没更新

更换Ruby镜像

Ruby默认的源地址是国外网络地址，通过下面终端命令查看当前镜像地址：

gem sources -l

*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://rubygems.org/

首先移除当前镜像

gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/

然后添加国内最新Ruby镜像地址

gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.com/

https://gems.ruby-china.com/added to sources

这时候再查看镜像地址就是这样的了

*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://gems.ruby-china.com/

安装CocoaPods

Ruby环境安装好以后，接下来就是安装CocoaPods，终端输入：

sudo gem install cocoapods

报错

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:

ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.14.2/ext/ffi_c

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /Library/Ruby/Site/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20210113-23968-1w6mjuz.rb extconf.rb

checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***

Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary

libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may

need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:

--with-opt-dir

--without-opt-dir

--with-opt-include

--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include

--with-opt-lib

--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib

--with-make-prog

--without-make-prog

--srcdir=.

--curdir

--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)

--with-ffi_c-dir

--without-ffi_c-dir

--with-ffi_c-include

--without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include

--with-ffi_c-lib

--without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib

--enable-system-libffi

--disable-system-libffi

--with-libffi-config

--without-libffi-config

--with-pkg-config

--without-pkg-config

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)

You have to install development tools first.

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `block in try_compile'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:534:in `with_werror'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `try_compile'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1109:in `block in have_header'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:959:in `block in checking_for'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block in postpone'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:357:in `postpone'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:958:in `checking_for'

from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1108:in `have_header'

from extconf.rb:10:in `system_libffi_usable?'

from extconf.rb:42:in `'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.14.2/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.14.2 for inspection.

Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.14.2/gem_make.out

原因是因为

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/universal-darwin19/rbconfig.rb:找不到这个

检查一下本地的目录是

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/universal-darwin20/rbconfig.rb:

注意

在找ruby-2.6.0的时候，因为每个人的ruby环境不一样所以要注意自己的目录是否是对的上我的是ruby 2.6.3，所以不建议直接复制目录cd进去，一步步找自己本地的文件

我的路径是

/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0

解决方案

报错里提示universal-darwin19 本地的却是universal-darwin20

所以将20复制粘贴将universal-darwin20文件改成universal-darwin19

再执行sudo gem install cocoapods

报错

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)

    You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.

执行sudo gem install cocoapods -n /usr/local/bin

出现

Done installing documentation for fuzzy_match, httpclient, algoliasearch, thread_safe, tzinfo, activesupport, cocoapods-core, cocoapods after 17 seconds

8 gems installed

说明执行成功了

然后

~ % pod setup

一瞬间就出现Setup completed，不要懵

这个时候 不要直接去 使用Search 搜索第三方库  因为会找不到   直接先去找个项目 pod init，然后给Podfile 进随便添加一个库  如：   pod 'SwiftyJSON' 。 然后执行 pod install  

出现以上图片信息 则说明 第三方库引入成功   然后再去执行Search命令  就可以查找到第三方库了

例如% pod search afn

按Q结束搜索，复制pod 'AFNetworking', '~> 4.0.1'

至此，Mac下安装CocoaPods成功

参考文章：

https://www.jianshu.com/p/39f22e82c97f

https://www.jianshu.com/p/7ea686bc2a1a

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50422786/you-dont-have-write-permissions-for-the-usr-bin-directory-while-installing-co

https://www.jianshu.com/p/1e093c2ae4e2