1、查询安装路径

dpkg -L 软件名

例如：dpkg -L gedit

dpkg -L gedit  
/.  
/usr  
/usr/bin  
/usr/bin/gedit  
/usr/share  
/usr/share/applications  
/usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop  
...

whereis 软件名

2、查询版本

aptitude show 软件名
此方法可以查看依赖包。

例如：aptitude show kde-runtime

aptitude show kde-runtime  
软件包： kde-runtime               
状态: 未安装  
版本号： 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1  
优先级： 可选  
部分： kde  
维护者： Kubuntu Developers <kubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>  
未压缩尺寸： 9,607 k  
依赖于: libasound2 (>= 1.0.23), libattica0.3 (>= 0.3.0), libc6 (>= 2.15),  
           libcanberra0 (>= 0.2), libexiv2-11, libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjpeg8  
           (>= 8c), libkcmutils4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeclarative5 (>= 4:4.7.0),  
           libkdecore5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdesu5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeui5 (>=  
           4:4.8.1), libkdewebkit5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdnssd4 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
           libkemoticons4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkfile4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkhtml5 (>=  
           4:4.8.1), libkidletime4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkio5 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
           libkmediaplayer4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknewstuff3-4 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
           libknotifyconfig4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkparts4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkpty4 (>=  
           4:4.8.1), libnepomuk4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukdatamanagement4 (>=  
           4:4.8.1), libnepomukquery4a (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuksync4 (>=  
           4:4.8.1), libntrack-qt4-1 (>= 005), libopenexr6 (>= 1.6.1),  
           libphonon4 (>= 4:4.7.0really4.5.0), libplasma3 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
           libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libpulse0 (>= 1:0.99.1),  
           libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-declarative (>= 4:4.7.0~rc1),  
           libqt4-network (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-script (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-svg  
           (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-xml (>= 4:4.5.3), libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0),  
           libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.2~2011week36),  
           libsmbclient (>= 2:3.2.0), libsolid4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libsoprano4 (>=  
           2.6.51), libssh-4 (>= 0.3.91), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6),  
           libstreamanalyzer0 (>= 0.7.7), libstreams0 (>= 0.7.7), libx11-6,  
           libxcursor1 (> 1.1.2), phonon, perl, kde-runtime-data (>=  
           4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1), kdelibs5-plugins (>= 4:4.8.1), oxygen-icon-theme  
           (>= 4:4.6), shared-desktop-ontologies, plasma-scriptengine-javascript  
           (= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1)  
推荐: udisks, upower, virtuoso-minimal, kubuntu-debug-installer, icoutils,  
        libcanberra-pulse | libcanberra-gstreamer  
建议: djvulibre-bin, finger  
冲突: kdelibs4-dev  
破坏: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,  
        kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6),  
        kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (<  
        4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95),  
        plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<  
        4:4.6.80)  
代替: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,  
        kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6),  
        kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (<  
        4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95),  
        plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<  
        4:4.6.80)  
描述： runtime components from the official KDE release  
 KDE is produced by an international technology team that creates free and open  
 source software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a  
 modern desktop system for Linux and UNIX platforms, comprehensive office  
 productivity and groupware suites and hundreds of software titles in many  
 categories including Internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment,  
 educational, graphics and software development.   
   
 This package contains programs and data needed at runtime by KDE applications.  
主页： http://www.kde.org/

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dpkg -l 软件名