一、 MessageQueue 消息队列
//线程中更新 UI 的时候经常是调用 sendMessage()
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
// SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis 当前时间加上延迟时间
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//这里已经绑定了Handler,后面的发送消息就是通过该handler调用
msg.target = this;
// new Handler 源码的时候是 false
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
enqueueMessage() 方法:
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
// 判断有没有 target
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
// 有没有在使用
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
// 对当前消息队列加锁。
synchronized (this) {
// 判断消息队列是否弃用(通常因为线程已死)
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
// 标记消息正在使用中
msg.markInUse();
//wen存放的是延时时间
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;//第一次这里的p是空的
boolean needWake;
// 第一次添加数据到队列中,或者当前 msg 的时间小于 mMessages 的时间
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
// 把当前 msg 添加到链表的第一个
msg.next = p; //第一次是空的
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// 不是第一次添加数据,并且 msg 的时间 大于 mMessages(头指针) 的时间
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
//最核心的部分就是这个死循环
for (;;) {
// 不断的遍历找到合适的位置
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
// 把当前 msg 插入到列表中
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
二、Loop消息循环
1)似乎没有调用handleMessage()方法,不着急,先分析一个现象,当我们在子线程中直接new Handler()会报错
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
Handler handler = new Handler();
}
}.start();
2)需要如下写法才正常
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
Handler handler = new Handler();
Looper.loop();
}
}.start();
3)分析:为什么在Activity中直接写确没问题呢?
1. ActivityThread 的 main() 方法中系统早就帮我们写好了:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ... 省略部分代码
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
- Looper.prepareMainLooper() 和 Looper.loop()
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
主要还是 ThreadLocal 的 set 方法,用来保证一个线程只有一个 Looper 对象,这样就保证了线程的安全。接下来看一下 Looper.loop() 这行:
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// 一个死循环
for (;;) {
// 不断的从消息队列里面取消息
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
try {
// 通过 target 去 dispatchMessage 而 target 就是绑定的 Handler
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
} finally {
// 消息回收循环利用
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
}
三、总结
1)Looper.prepareMainLooper() 创建了一个 Looper 对象,而且保证一个线程只有一个 Looper;Looper.loop() 里面是一个死循环,不断的从 消息队列 MessageQueue 中取消息,然后通过 Handler 执行。