PRISCA大学英语写作课堂共24讲,分24次发布,每次一讲,每堂课提供三大块内容,分别是写作基础讲解,英语写作模拟题目与参考范文(适用于大学英语四六级,英语专四专八,考研,以及雅思作文考试),核心词块速递。
所给作文题目模拟英语四六级考试,英语专业四级和八级考试,考研英语以及雅思考试英语的作文写作,所提供范文中划线的词块部分可以模仿背诵,活学活用在相关话题的作文考试写作中。所提供的写作基础讲解以及参考范文皆为原创,已经正式出版发行,收录于由上海外语教育出版社出版发行的《大学比较英语教程》1-4册中,转载请务必联系作者,版权所有,侵权必究。
PRISCA大学英语写作课堂(15)
如何在写作中使用定语从句
定语从句的写作分三步走:
第一确定先行词(被修饰的那个名词或代词);
第二看从句缺少什么成份(如主语、宾语或状语);
第三选择合适的引导词。
具体结构如图所示:
注意:引导词在介词后,指人只能用whom 指物只能用which
定语从句在写作中应注意以下五点:
1. 主谓一致
关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。先行词是单数时,从句的谓语动词用单数;先行词是复数时,从句的谓语动词用复数。“one of+可数名词复数”后的定语从句,谓语动词用复数形式;“the only/ very/right one of+可数名词复数”后的定语从句,谓语动词用单数形式。
2.宜用that不用which的情况
that 和which在定语从句中都可以做主语或宾语,指物。作宾语时,均可省略。通常情况下,二者可以互换使用。但以下情形不可以随便互换,只能用that。
(1) 当先行词是指物的不定代词,如all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing等或被不定代词修饰时。
(2) 当先行词有the only,the same,the very,the last等词修饰时。
(3) 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(4) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
(5) 当先行词有两个或两个以上,并且分别表示人和物时。
3.宜用which不用that的情况
(1) 先行词本身就是that时。
如:What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
(2) 在定语从句中作介词宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。
如:I’m looking for a box in which I can put all these coins.
引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
如:October 1, 1949 was the day on which (=when) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
4. 宜用who不用that的情况
(1)先行词如果是指人的不定代词或指示代词,如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none, those等时。
(2) 当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。
如:The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.
5. as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
(1) 当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。如:He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
(2) 当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。如:
Steve drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
下面是有使用定语从句的句子。
(请分析并归类例句中的粗体部分)
(1)Strebely was hooked up to a computer that monitored her heart rate and brain waves.
(2)Nash is one of many physicians around the country who have found that music, used with conventional therapies, can heal the sick.
(3)This is a more experimental, integrated search for aholistic view of the universe, one that has multiple access points.
(4) He was the reason I swam the butterfly.
(5)A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors, dentists and chiropractors struggle financially.
(6) …sothey are always striving to get to a point when they would finally have enough.
PRISCA大学英语写作模拟题目与参考范文(15)
PRISCA参考范文划线词块活学活用(15)
要求写一段文字,活用范文中提供的划线词块,文章题材内容不限。