本文参考了http://www.sunhao.win/articles/mysql-replication.html，但对文中的一些步骤进行了优化。
1. 下载mysql镜像
docker pull mysql:5.7
可配置如下国内镜像服务器加速下载过程
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com/
2. 启动容器
2.1 创建master和slave两个目录，并在其中分别创建以下目录
- conf
- datadir
- logdir
2.2 在master/conf中添加my.cnf配置文件，内容如下
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin // [必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=1 // [必须]服务器唯一ID，默认是1
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
2.3 在slave/conf中添加my.cnf配置文件，内容如下
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin // [必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=2 // [必须]服务器唯一ID，默认是1
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
2.4 进入master目录，启动master的容器
cd master
master_path=`pwd`
docker run --name mysql-master \
-p 3307:3306 \
-v ${master_path}/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v ${master_path}/datadir:/var/lib/mysql \
-v ${master_path}/logdir:/var/log/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=1234 \
-d mysql:latest
执行docker ps -f 'name=mysql-master'查看容器运行状态如下
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fbb8d410e0e4 mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp mysql-master
执行以下命令登录mysql-master，验证mysql可用
mysql -u root -p1234 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307
或
docker run -it --rm --link mysql-master:mysql-master mysql:5.7 mysql -h mysql-master -u root -p1234 -P 3306
2.5 进入slave目录，启动slave的容器
cd slave
slave_path=`pwd`
docker run --name mysql-slave \
-p 3308:3306 \
--link=mysql-master:mysql-master \
-v ${slave_path}/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v ${slave_path}/datadir:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /${slave_path}/logdir:/var/log/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=1234 \
-d mysql:latest
注意启动slave时，需要通过--link参数，为slave提供访问master的别名
执行docker ps -f 'name=mysql-slave'查看容器运行状态如下
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1c834a26ef57 mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 13 seconds ago Up 13 seconds 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp mysql-slave
执行以下命令登录mysql-slave，验证mysql可用
mysql -u root -p1234 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3308
或
docker run -it --rm --link mysql-slave:mysql-slave mysql:5.7 mysql -h mysql-slave -u root -p1234 -P 3306
3. 配置主从
3.1 配置master
登录master
mysql -u root -p1234 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307
配置帐号权限
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'replica'@'%' identified by '1234';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
执行show master status查看master状态如下
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 584 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
3.2 配置slave
登录slave
mysql -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P3308
配置master的信息，并启动slave
change master to
master_host='mysql-master',
master_user='replica',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos=584,
master_port=3306,
master_password='1234';
start slave;
执行show slave status查看slave信息如下
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master
Master_User: replica
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 584
Relay_Log_File: 1c834a26ef57-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 584
Relay_Log_Space: 534
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 8f808469-1f40-11e8-9b85-0242ac110002
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
确认Slave_IO_Running: Yes、Slave_SQL_Running: Yes即可
3.3 如在配置主从同步前master中已有数据，则需提前进行数据同步操作
登录master，执行锁表操作
mysql -u root -p1234 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
将master中需要同步的db的数据dump出来
mysqldump -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307 mytest > mytest.dump
将数据导入slave
mysql -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3308 mytest < mytest.dump
按前文所述步骤开启主从同步，然后解锁master
UNLOCK TABLES;
