Nuttx相关的历史文章：
配置
Nuttx在编译之前需要先进行配置，而Nuttx是一个高度可配置的RTOS，Nuttx的配置文件使用
kconfig-frontends工具来维护，配置工具将使用Kconfig文件，而Kconfig文件在Nuttx的代码文件夹中随处可见。每一个Kconfig文件包含了配置变量的声明，而每一个配置变量又给Nuttx提供了一种配置选择，Nuttx的最终配置都由这些Kconfig文件决定。
一般进行Nuttx配置的时候，都可以在Nuttx根目录中通过make menuconfig命令来操作，前提是在根目录中需要有.config文件存在，而.config文件是从某个特定的开发板中的某个路径下拷贝过来的。
要获取
.config文件，又有两种途径：一种是通过手动将.config和Make.defs文件从特定开发板中的某个路径中拷贝至Nuttx的顶层路径；一种是通过tools目录下的configure.sh脚本完成拷贝工作。最终在进行编译的时候，需要依赖这两个文件。
- 手动配置
Copy configs/<board-name>/[<config-dir>/]Make.defs to ${TOPDIR}/Make.defsCopy configs/<board-name>/[<config-dir>/]defconfig to ${TOPDIR}/.config
- 自动配置
tools/confiure.sh [OPTIONS] <board-name>[/<config-dir>]
每个特定的开发板文件夹中都有两个文件
Make.defs和defconfig文件来描述该开发板的配置。
Make.defs
Make.defs提供架构和特定工具的构建选项，在编译时它将被其他所有的Makefile包含，它将定义如下内容：
Tools: CC, LD, AR, NM, OBJCOPY, OBJDUMPTools options: CFLAGS, LDFLAGS
- 当
Make.defs运行时，TOPDIR会传递给它，在Make.defs中将包含以下两个文件：
$(TOPDIR)/.config： Nuttx的配置$(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk：一些通用的定义。tools/Config.mk文件中包含了一些额外的宏定义，这些宏定义的值在需要的时候可能会在特定架构中的Make.defs中被覆盖，比如：COMPILE, ASSEMBLE, ARCHIVE, CLEAN, MKDEP等。
defconfig
defconfig文件中包含一些如CONFIG_VARIABLE=value形式的定义，它拷贝至$(TOPDIR)路径下后，在编译时会被其他Makefile所包含，并且会用它来生成include/nuttx/config.h文件，这个文件在很多C文件中会用到。
编译
大概的目录组织如下：
build
|-nuttx
| |
| - Makefile
|-apps
| |
| - Makefile
先罗列一下编译时所需要的文件，其中
$(TOPDIR)指nuttx目录，编译时是在nuttx目录中进行。
Makefile文件，包括各个目录及子目录下的Makefile文件Make.defs文件，从特定开发板目录中拷贝过来的，见上文中的配置部分.config文件，从特定开发板目录中拷贝过来的，见上文中的配置部分tools/Config.mk文件，定义了某些通用的宏定义tools/目录，该目录下提供了各类工具（脚本/执行文件），具体的功能也可以查看README.txt。FlatLibs.mk/KernelLibs.mk/ProtectedLibs.mk文件，这三个文件分别对应到内存配置中的Flat模式、Kernel模式（需要MMU支持），保护模式（需要MPU支持），我使用的是Flat模式，所以在实际编译时只需要FlatLibs.mk文件即可。Directories.mk文件，描述一些add-on目录
完成配置后，编译的过程很简单：
cd $(TOPDIR)make
上文中也提到过，$(TOPDIR)中的.config文件主要描述当前的配置，Make.defs文件描述特定的开发板配置。
系统第一次build的时候，会有一些额外的配置动作，包括：
- 自动使用
$(TOPDIR)/.config来生成include/nuttx/config.h文件- 如果
$(TOPDIR)/.version文件不存在的话，自动使用version 0.0来生成- 自动使用
$(TOPDIR)/.version来生成include/nuttx/version.h文件- 创建链接，将
$(TOPDIR)/include/arch链接到$(TOPDIR)/arch/<arch-name>/include目录- 创建链接，将
$(TOPDIR)/include/arch/board链接到$(TOPDIR)/configs/<board-name>/include目录- 创建链接，将
$(TOPDIR)/arch/<arch-name>/src/board链接到$(TOPDIR)/configs/<board-name>/src目录- 创建链接， 将
$(TOPDIR)/include/apps链接到$(APPDIR)/include目录- 创建
make dependencies，描述Makefile中的自动依赖关系，文件为Make.dep
讲这么多，还是直接从Makefile开始入手跟踪吧。在
$(TOPDIR)目录中，Makefile内容如下：
...
-include .config #将.config文件包含进来，其中`-`表示如果.config文件不存在，Makefile也不会报错，并继续运行
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
include Makefile.win
else
include Makefile.unix #根据编译环境，选择对应的Makefile，真正的入口
endif
下面将分别介绍上面讲到的文件，核心是围绕
Makefile.unix文件。
.config
整个
.config文件内容格式如下所示，用来定义配置选项，在编译时需要用到。
...
# Build Setup
#
# CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL is not set
# CONFIG_DEFAULT_SMALL is not set
CONFIG_HOST_LINUX=y
# CONFIG_HOST_OSX is not set
# CONFIG_HOST_WINDOWS is not set
# CONFIG_HOST_OTHER is not set
#
# Build Configuration
#
CONFIG_APPS_DIR="../apps"
CONFIG_BUILD_FLAT=y
# CONFIG_BUILD_2PASS is not set
...
tools/Config.mk
在
Config.mk文件中，定义了如PREPROCESS, COMPILE, COMPILEXX, ASSEMBLE, ARCHIVE, DELFILE等通用宏，在其他文件中将使用$(call XXX, in-file, out-file)形式来使用，其中XXX表示定义的这些宏。
# These are configuration variables that are quoted by configuration tool
# but which must be unquoated when used in the build system.
# 调整架构相关宏的值，其中patsubst为Makefile匹配与替换函数，strip为去空格函数
CONFIG_ARCH := $(patsubst "%",%,$(strip $(CONFIG_ARCH)))
CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP := $(patsubst "%",%,$(strip $(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP)))
CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD := $(patsubst "%",%,$(strip $(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)))
# Some defaults just to prohibit some bad behavior if for some reason they
# are not defined
OBJEXT ?= .o
LIBEXT ?= .a
# DELIM - Path segment delimiter character
#
# Depends on this settings defined in board-specific defconfig file installed
# at $(TOPDIR)/.config:
#
# CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE - Defined for a Windows native build
# 定义DELIM分隔符
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
DELIM = $(strip \)
else
DELIM = $(strip /)
endif
# INCDIR - Convert a list of directory paths to a list of compiler include
# directirves
# Example: CFFLAGS += ${shell $(INCDIR) [options] "compiler" "dir1" "dir2" "dir2" ...}
#
# Note that the compiler string and each directory path string must quoted if
# they contain spaces or any other characters that might get mangled by the
# shell
#
# Depends on this setting passed as a make commaond line definition from the
# toplevel Makefile:
#
# TOPDIR - The path to the top level NuttX directory in the form
# appropriate for the current build environment
#
# Depends on this settings defined in board-specific defconfig file installed
# at $(TOPDIR)/.config:
#
# CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE - Defined for a Windows native build
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
INCDIR = "$(TOPDIR)\tools\incdir.bat"
else
INCDIR = "$(TOPDIR)/tools/incdir.sh"
endif
# PREPROCESS - Default macro to run the C pre-processor
# Example: $(call PREPROCESS, in-file, out-file)
#
# Depends on these settings defined in board-specific Make.defs file
# installed at $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs:
#
# CPP - The command to invoke the C pre-processor
# CPPFLAGS - Options to pass to the C pre-processor
# 预处理宏
define PREPROCESS
@echo "CPP: $1->$2"
$(Q) $(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef
# COMPILE - Default macro to compile one C file
# Example: $(call COMPILE, in-file, out-file)
#
# Depends on these settings defined in board-specific Make.defs file
# installed at $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs:
#
# CC - The command to invoke the C compiler
# CFLAGS - Options to pass to the C compiler
define COMPILE
@echo "CC: $1"
$(Q) $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef
# COMPILEXX - Default macro to compile one C++ file
# Example: $(call COMPILEXX, in-file, out-file)
#
# Depends on these settings defined in board-specific Make.defs file
# installed at $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs:
#
# CXX - The command to invoke the C++ compiler
# CXXFLAGS - Options to pass to the C++ compiler
define COMPILEXX
@echo "CXX: $1"
$(Q) $(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef
# ASSEMBLE - Default macro to assemble one assembly language file
# Example: $(call ASSEMBLE, in-file, out-file)
#
# NOTE that the most common toolchain, GCC, uses the compiler to assemble
# files because this has the advantage of running the C Pre-Processor against
# the assembly language files. This is not possible with other toolchains;
# platforms using those other tools should define AS and over-ride this
# definition in order to use the assembler directly.
#
# Depends on these settings defined in board-specific Make.defs file
# installed at $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs:
#
# CC - By default, the C compiler is used to compile assembly language
# files
# AFLAGS - Options to pass to the C+compiler
define ASSEMBLE
@echo "AS: $1"
$(Q) $(CC) -c $(AFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef
# MOVEOBJ - Default macro to move an object file to the correct location
# Example: $(call MOVEOBJ, prefix, directory)
#
# This is only used in directories that keep object files in sub-directories.
# Certain compilers (ZDS-II) always place the resulting files in the the
# directory where the compiler was invoked with not option to generate objects
# in a different location.
define MOVEOBJ
endef
# ARCHIVE - Add a list of files to an archive
# Example: $(call ARCHIVE, archive-file, "file1 file2 file3 ...")
#
# Note: The fileN strings may not contain spaces or characters that may be
# interpreted strangely by the shell
#
# Depends on these settings defined in board-specific Make.defs file
# installed at $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs:
#
# AR - The command to invoke the archiver (includes any options)
#
# Depends on this settings defined in board-specific defconfig file installed
# at $(TOPDIR)/.config:
#
# CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE - Defined for a Windows native build
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define ARCHIVE
@echo AR: $2
$(Q) $(AR) $1 $(2)
endef
else
define ARCHIVE
@echo "AR: $2"
$(Q) $(AR) $1 $(2) || { echo "$(AR) $1 FAILED!" ; exit 1 ; }
endef
endif
# PRELINK - Prelink a list of files
# This is useful when files were compiled with fvisibility=hidden.
# Any symbol which was not explicitly made global is invisible outside the
# prelinked file.
#
# Example: $(call PRELINK, prelink-file, "file1 file2 file3 ...")
#
# Note: The fileN strings may not contain spaces or characters that may be
# interpreted strangely by the shell
#
# Depends on these settings defined in board-specific Make.defs file
# installed at $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs:
#
# LD - The command to invoke the linker (includes any options)
# OBJCOPY - The command to invoke the object cop (includes any options)
#
# Depends on this settings defined in board-specific defconfig file installed
# at $(TOPDIR)/.config:
#
# CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE - Defined for a Windows native build
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define PRELINK
@echo PRELINK: $1
$(Q) $(LD) -Ur -o $1 $2 && $(OBJCOPY) --localize-hidden $1
endef
else
define PRELINK
@echo "PRELINK: $1"
$(Q) $(LD) -Ur -o $1 $2 && $(OBJCOPY) --localize-hidden $1
endef
endif
# DELFILE - Delete one file
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define DELFILE
$(Q) if exist $1 (del /f /q $1)
endef
else
define DELFILE
$(Q) rm -f $1
endef
endif
# DELDIR - Delete one directory
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define DELDIR
$(Q) if exist $1 (rmdir /q /s $1)
endef
else
define DELDIR
$(Q) rm -rf $1
endef
endif
# MOVEFILE - Move one file
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define MOVEFILE
$(Q) if exist $1 (move /Y $1 $2)
endef
else
define MOVEFILE
$(Q) mv -f $1 $2
endef
endif
# CLEAN - Default clean target
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define CLEAN
$(Q) if exist *$(OBJEXT) (del /f /q *$(OBJEXT))
$(Q) if exist *$(LIBEXT) (del /f /q *$(LIBEXT))
$(Q) if exist *~ (del /f /q *~)
$(Q) if exist (del /f /q .*.swp)
endef
else
define CLEAN
$(Q) rm -f *$(OBJEXT) *$(LIBEXT) *~ .*.swp
endef
endif
Make.defs
Make.defs中定义了一些板级相关的宏定义。
# 包含需要依赖的文件
include ${TOPDIR}/.config
include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
ifeq ($(WINTOOL),y)
# Windows-native toolchains
DIRLINK = $(TOPDIR)/tools/copydir.sh
DIRUNLINK = $(TOPDIR)/tools/unlink.sh
MKDEP = $(TOPDIR)/tools/mkwindeps.sh
ARCHINCLUDES = -I. -isystem "${shell cygpath -w $(TOPDIR)/include}"
ARCHXXINCLUDES = -I. -isystem "${shell cygpath -w $(TOPDIR)/include}" -isystem "${shell cygpath -w $(TOPDIR)/include/cxx}"
ARCHSCRIPT = -T "${shell cygpath -w $(TOPDIR)/configs/$(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)/scripts/ld.script}"
else
# Linux/Cygwin-native toolchain 在Linux环境下使用的工具链
MKDEP = $(TOPDIR)/tools/mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)
ARCHINCLUDES = -I. -isystem $(TOPDIR)/include
ARCHXXINCLUDES = -I. -isystem $(TOPDIR)/include -isystem $(TOPDIR)/include/cxx -isystem $(TOPDIR)/include/uClibc++
ARCHSCRIPT = -T$(TOPDIR)/configs/<board-name>/$(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)/scripts/ld.script
endif
# 定义工具，其中$(CROSSDEV)在$(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs文件中定义
CC = $(CROSSDEV)gcc
CXX = $(CROSSDEV)g++
CPP = $(CROSSDEV)gcc -E
LD = $(CROSSDEV)ld
AR = $(CROSSDEV)ar rcs
NM = $(CROSSDEV)nm
OBJCOPY = $(CROSSDEV)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(CROSSDEV)objdump
# 编译器版本
ARCHCCVERSION = ${shell $(CC) -v 2>&1 | sed -n '/^gcc version/p' | sed -e 's/^gcc version \([0-9\.]\)/\1/g' -e 's/[-\ ].*//g' -e '1q'}
ARCHCCMAJOR = ${shell echo $(ARCHCCVERSION) | cut -d'.' -f1}
ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
ARCHOPTIMIZATION = -g
ARCHOPTIMIZATION += -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mapcs -mno-sched-prolog
endif
ifneq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_NOOPT),y)
ARCHOPTIMIZATION += $(MAXOPTIMIZATION) -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-strength-reduce -fomit-frame-pointer
endif
ifeq ($(ARCHCCMAJOR),4)
ARCHCPUFLAGS = -mtune=arm9tdmi -march=armv5te -mfloat-abi=soft -fno-builtin
else
ARCHCPUFLAGS = -mapcs-32 -mtune=arm9tdmi -march=armv5te -msoft-float -fno-builtin
endif
ARCHCFLAGS = -fno-builtin
ARCHCXXFLAGS = -fno-builtin -fno-exceptions -fcheck-new -fpermissive -fno-rtti
ARCHWARNINGS = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshadow -Wundef
ARCHWARNINGSXX = -Wall -Wshadow -Wundef
ARCHDEFINES =
ARCHPICFLAGS = -fpic -msingle-pic-base -mpic-register=r10
# 定义所有编译时的FLAG选项
CFLAGS = $(ARCHCFLAGS) $(ARCHWARNINGS) $(ARCHOPTIMIZATION) $(ARCHCPUFLAGS) $(ARCHINCLUDES) $(ARCHDEFINES) $(EXTRADEFINES) -pipe
CPICFLAGS = $(ARCHPICFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
CXXFLAGS = $(ARCHCXXFLAGS) $(ARCHWARNINGSXX) $(ARCHOPTIMIZATION) $(ARCHCPUFLAGS) $(ARCHXXINCLUDES) $(ARCHDEFINES) $(EXTRADEFINES) -std=c++11 -pipe
CXXPICFLAGS = $(ARCHPICFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS)
CPPFLAGS = $(ARCHINCLUDES) $(ARCHDEFINES) $(EXTRADEFINES)
AFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -D__ASSEMBLY__
NXFLATLDFLAGS1 = -r -d -warn-common
NXFLATLDFLAGS2 = $(NXFLATLDFLAGS1) -T$(TOPDIR)/binfmt/libnxflat/gnu-nxflat-gotoff.ld -no-check-sections
LDNXFLATFLAGS = -e main -s 2048
# 定义文件后缀
ASMEXT = .S
OBJEXT = .o
LIBEXT = .a
EXEEXT =
ifneq ($(CONFIG_ARM_TOOLCHAIN),BUILDROOT)
LDFLAGS += -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
LDFLAGS += -g
endif
# 定义Host的编译器
HOSTCC = gcc
HOSTINCLUDES = -I.
HOSTCFLAGS = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshadow -Wundef -g -pipe
HOSTLDFLAGS =
Directories.mk
Directories.mk主要定义了NUTTX_ADDONS和USER_ADDONS，其中NUTTX_ADDONS包含了一系列文件夹，最终将编译进Nuttx内核中，而USER_ADDONS包含了一系列文件夹，最终会编译进Apps中。Directories.mk将Nuttx内核中的文件夹都包含了进来。
# All add-on directories.
#
# NUTTX_ADDONS is the list of directories built into the NuttX kernel.
# USER_ADDONS is the list of directories that will be built into the user
# application
NUTTX_ADDONS :=
USER_ADDONS :=
# In the protected build, the applications in the apps/ directory will be
# into the userspace; in the flat build, the applications will b built into
# the kernel space. But in the kernel build, the applications will not be
# built at all by this Makefile.
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED),y)
USER_ADDONS += $(APPDIR)
else
ifneq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL),y)
NUTTX_ADDONS += $(APPDIR)
endif
endif
# Lists of build directories.
#
# FSDIRS depend on file descriptor support; NONFSDIRS do not (except for parts
# of FSDIRS). We will exclude FSDIRS from the build if file descriptor
# support is disabled. NOTE that drivers, in general, depends on file
# descriptor support but is always built because there are other components
# in the drivers directory that are needed even if file descriptors are not
# supported.
# CONTEXTDIRS include directories that have special, one-time pre-build
# requirements. Normally this includes things like auto-generation of
# configuration specific files or creation of configurable symbolic links
# USERDIRS - When NuttX is build is a monolithic kernel, this provides the
# list of directories that must be built
# OTHERDIRS - These are directories that are not built but probably should
# be cleaned to prevent garbage from collecting in them when changing
# configurations.
NONFSDIRS = sched drivers configs $(ARCH_SRC) $(NUTTX_ADDONS)
FSDIRS = fs binfmt
CONTEXTDIRS = configs $(APPDIR)
USERDIRS =
OTHERDIRS = lib
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED),y)
USERDIRS += libc mm $(USER_ADDONS)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_HAVE_CXX),y)
USERDIRS += libxx
endif
else
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL),y)
USERDIRS += libc mm
ifeq ($(CONFIG_HAVE_CXX),y)
USERDIRS += libxx
endif
else
NONFSDIRS += libc mm
OTHERDIRS += $(USER_ADDONS)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_HAVE_CXX),y)
NONFSDIRS += libxx
else
OTHERDIRS += libxx
endif
endif
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_SYSCALL),y)
NONFSDIRS += syscall
CONTEXTDIRS += syscall
USERDIRS += syscall
else
OTHERDIRS += syscall
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_ZONEINFO_ROMFS),y)
CONTEXTDIRS += libc
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NX),y)
NONFSDIRS += graphics libnx
CONTEXTDIRS += graphics libnx
else
OTHERDIRS += graphics libnx
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_AUDIO),y)
NONFSDIRS += audio
else
OTHERDIRS += audio
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_DRIVERS_WIRELESS),y)
NONFSDIRS += wireless
else
OTHERDIRS += wireless
endif
# CLEANDIRS are the directories that will clean in. These are
# all directories that we know about.
# KERNDEPDIRS are the directories in which we will build target dependencies.
# If NuttX and applications are built separately (CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED or
# CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL), then this holds only the directories containing
# kernel files.
# USERDEPDIRS. If NuttX and applications are built separately (CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED),
# then this holds only the directories containing user files. If
# CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL is selected, then applications are not build at all.
CLEANDIRS = $(NONFSDIRS) $(FSDIRS) $(USERDIRS) $(OTHERDIRS)
KERNDEPDIRS = $(NONFSDIRS)
USERDEPDIRS = $(USERDIRS)
# Add file system directories to KERNDEPDIRS (they are already in CLEANDIRS)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS),0)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NET),y)
ifneq ($(CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS),0)
KERNDEPDIRS += fs
endif
KERNDEPDIRS += drivers
endif
else
KERNDEPDIRS += $(FSDIRS)
endif
# Add networking directories to KERNDEPDIRS and CLEANDIRS
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NET),y)
KERNDEPDIRS += net
endif
CLEANDIRS += net
ifeq ($(CONFIG_CRYPTO),y)
KERNDEPDIRS += crypto
endif
CLEANDIRS += crypto
FlatLibs.mk
内存配置在Flat模式情况下，会使用
FlatLibs.mk文件，该文件主要定义NUTTXLIBS和USERLIBS，其中NUTTXLIBS包含了一系列的库文件，最终用于特定处理器来编译Nuttx Image，USERLIBS包含一系列库文件用于用户层的Apps。此外，还定义了EXPORTLIBS，用于在make export时，生成库文件。
# NUTTXLIBS is the list of NuttX libraries that is passed to the
# processor-specific Makefile to build the final NuttX target.
# Libraries in FSDIRS are excluded if file descriptor support
# is disabled.
# USERLIBS is the list of libraries used to build the final user-space
# application
# EXPORTLIBS is the list of libraries that should be exported by
# 'make export' is
NUTTXLIBS = lib$(DELIM)libsched$(LIBEXT)
USERLIBS =
# Driver support. Generally depends on file descriptor support but there
# are some components in the drivers directory that are needed even if file
# descriptors are not supported.
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libdrivers$(LIBEXT)
# Add libraries for board support
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libconfigs$(LIBEXT)
# Add libraries for syscall support.
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libc$(LIBEXT) lib$(DELIM)libmm$(LIBEXT)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libarch$(LIBEXT)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_SYSCALL),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libstubs$(LIBEXT)
USERLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libproxies$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for C++ support. CXX, CXXFLAGS, and COMPILEXX must
# be defined in Make.defs for this to work!
ifeq ($(CONFIG_HAVE_CXX),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libcxx$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add library for application support.
ifneq ($(APPDIR),)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libapps$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for network support
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NET),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libnet$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for Crypto API support
ifeq ($(CONFIG_CRYPTO),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libcrypto$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for file system support
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS),0)
ifneq ($(CONFIG_NSOCKET_DESCRIPTORS),0)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libfs$(LIBEXT)
endif
else
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libfs$(LIBEXT) lib$(DELIM)libbinfmt$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for the NX graphics sub-system
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NX),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libgraphics$(LIBEXT)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libnx$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for the Audio sub-system
ifeq ($(CONFIG_AUDIO),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libaudio$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add libraries for the Wireless sub-system
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WIRELESS),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libwireless$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Add C++ library
ifeq ($(CONFIG_HAVE_CXX),y)
NUTTXLIBS += lib$(DELIM)libcxx$(LIBEXT)
endif
# Export all libraries
EXPORTLIBS = $(NUTTXLIBS)
tools/
tools目录下包含了各种各样的脚本和Host C程序，这些都是Nuttx编译系统的必要的部分。README.txt有详尽的介绍。
Makefile.unix
Makefile.unix才是我们的核心，上述所介绍的文件，最终都要为它所用，直接看代码吧。
TOPDIR := ${shell pwd | sed -e 's/ /\\ /g'}
-include $(TOPDIR)/.config
include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs
# 可以通过“make V=1”的形式来选择不同的编译方式，其中V=1/2时，会使能命令的回显，而在Makefile中“@”可以控制命令不回显。
# Control build verbosity
#
# V=1,2: Enable echo of commands
# V=2: Enable bug/verbose options in tools and scripts
ifeq ($(V),1)
export Q :=
else
ifeq ($(V),2)
export Q :=
else
export Q := @
endif
endif
# Default tools
# 定义符号链接和断开链接的宏
ifeq ($(DIRLINK),)
DIRLINK = $(TOPDIR)/tools/link.sh
DIRUNLINK = $(TOPDIR)/tools/unlink.sh
endif
# This define is passed as EXTRADEFINES for kernel-mode builds. It is also passed
# during PASS1 (but not PASS2) context and depend targets.
KDEFINE = ${shell $(TOPDIR)/tools/define.sh "$(CC)" __KERNEL__}
# Process architecture and board-specific directories
#架构和板级相关的目录宏定义
ARCH_DIR = arch/$(CONFIG_ARCH)
ARCH_SRC = $(ARCH_DIR)/src
ARCH_INC = $(ARCH_DIR)/include
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD_CUSTOM),y)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD_CUSTOM_DIR_RELPATH),y)
BOARD_DIR = $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)$(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD_CUSTOM_DIR)
else
BOARD_DIR = $(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD_CUSTOM_DIR)
endif
else
BOARD_DIR = $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)configs/hobot$(DELIM)$(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)
endif
# CONFIG_APPS_DIR can be over-ridden from the command line or in the .config file.
# The default value of CONFIG_APPS_DIR is ../apps. Ultimately, the application
# will be built if APPDIR is defined. APPDIR will be defined if a directory containing
# a Makefile is found at the path provided by CONFIG_APPS_DIR
# 当在CONFIG_APPS_DIR路径中存在Makefile时，APPDIR才会被定义
ifeq ($(CONFIG_APPS_DIR),)
CONFIG_APPS_DIR = ../apps
endif
APPDIR := ${shell if [ -r $(CONFIG_APPS_DIR)/Makefile ]; then echo "$(CONFIG_APPS_DIR)"; fi}
# Add-on directories. These may or may not be in place in the
# NuttX source tree (they must be specifically installed)
#
# NUTTX_ADDONS is the list of directories built into the NuttX kernel.
# USER_ADDONS is the list of directories that will be built into the user
# application
#
# FSDIRS depend on file descriptor support; NONFSDIRS do not (except for parts
# of FSDIRS). We will exclude FSDIRS from the build if file descriptor
# support is disabled
# CONTEXTDIRS include directories that have special, one-time pre-build
# requirements. Normally this includes things like auto-generation of
# configuration specific files or creation of configurable symbolic links
# USERDIRS - When NuttX is build is a monolithic kernel, this provides the
# list of directories that must be built
# OTHERDIRS - These are directories that are not built but probably should
# be cleaned to prevent garbage from collecting in them when changing
# configurations.
#
# CLEANDIRS are the directories that will clean in. These are
# all directories that we know about.
# KERNDEPDIRS are the directories in which we will build target dependencies.
# If NuttX and applications are built separately (CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED or
# CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL), then this holds only the directories containing
# kernel files.
# USERDEPDIRS. If NuttX and applications are built separately (CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED),
# then this holds only the directories containing user files. If
# CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL is selected, then applications are not build at all.
# 定义了一系列文件夹相关的宏
include Directories.mk
#
# Extra objects used in the final link.
#
# Pass 1 1ncremental (relative) link objects should be put into the
# processor-specific source directory (where other link objects will
# be created). If the pass1 object is an archive, it could go anywhere.
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_2PASS),y)
EXTRA_OBJS += $(CONFIG_PASS1_OBJECT)
endif
# Library build selections
#
# NUTTXLIBS is the list of NuttX libraries that is passed to the
# processor-specific Makefile to build the final NuttX target.
# Libraries in FSDIRS are excluded if file descriptor support
# is disabled.
# USERLIBS is the list of libraries used to build the final user-space
# application
# EXPORTLIBS is the list of libraries that should be exported by
# 'make export' is
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED),y)
include ProtectedLibs.mk
else
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL),y)
include KernelLibs.mk
else
include FlatLibs.mk
endif
endif
# LINKLIBS derives from NUTTXLIBS and is simply the same list with the
# subdirectory removed
#LINKLIBS链接库和NUTTXLIBS是一样的，只是通过patsubst将子目录lib去掉了而已
LINKLIBS = $(patsubst lib/%,%,$(NUTTXLIBS))
# Export tool definitions
#用于'make export'
MKEXPORT= tools/mkexport.sh
MKEXPORT_ARGS = -w$(WINTOOL) -t "$(TOPDIR)"
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED),y)
MKEXPORT_ARGS += -u
else
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL),y)
MKEXPORT_ARGS += -u
endif
endif
ifeq ($(V),2)
MKEXPORT_ARGS += -d
endif
# This is the name of the final target (relative to the top level directorty)
NUTTXNAME = nuttx
BIN = $(NUTTXNAME)$(EXEEXT)
#编译的最终目标：nuttx, .PHONY用来声明伪目标
all: $(BIN)
.PHONY: dirlinks context clean_context check_context export subdir_clean clean subdir_distclean distclean apps_clean apps_distclean
#头文件：math.h、float.h、stdarg.h，在不同的平台中可能有不同的实现
# Target used to copy include/nuttx/lib/math.h. If CONFIG_ARCH_MATH_H is
# defined, then there is an architecture specific math.h header file
# that will be included indirectly from include/math.h. But first, we
# have to copy math.h from include/nuttx/. to include/. Logic within
# include/nuttx/lib/math.h will hand the redirection to the architecture-
# specific math.h header file.
#
# If the CONFIG_LIBM is defined, the Rhombus libm will be built at libc/math.
# Definitions and prototypes for the Rhombus libm are also contained in
# include/nuttx/lib/math.h and so the file must also be copied in that case.
#
# If neither CONFIG_ARCH_MATH_H nor CONFIG_LIBM is defined, then no math.h
# header file will be provided. You would want that behavior if (1) you
# don't use libm, or (2) you want to use the math.h and libm provided
# within your toolchain.
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_MATH_H),y)
NEED_MATH_H = y
else
ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIBM),y)
NEED_MATH_H = y
endif
endif
ifeq ($(NEED_MATH_H),y)
include/math.h: include/nuttx/lib/math.h
$(Q) cp -f include/nuttx/lib/math.h include/math.h
else
include/math.h:
endif
# The float.h header file defines the properties of your floating point
# implementation. It would always be best to use your toolchain's float.h
# header file but if none is available, a default float.h header file will
# provided if this option is selected. However there is no assurance that
# the settings in this float.h are actually correct for your platform!
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_FLOAT_H),y)
include/float.h: include/nuttx/lib/float.h
$(Q) cp -f include/nuttx/lib/float.h include/float.h
else
include/float.h:
endif
# Target used to copy include/nuttx/lib/stdarg.h. If CONFIG_ARCH_STDARG_H is
# defined, then there is an architecture specific stdarg.h header file
# that will be included indirectly from include/lib/stdarg.h. But first, we
# have to copy stdarg.h from include/nuttx/. to include/.
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_STDARG_H),y)
include/stdarg.h: include/nuttx/lib/stdarg.h
$(Q) cp -f include/nuttx/lib/stdarg.h include/stdarg.h
else
include/stdarg.h:
endif
# Targets used to build include/nuttx/version.h. Creation of version.h is
# part of the overall NuttX configuration sequence. Notice that the
# tools/mkversion tool is built and used to create include/nuttx/version.h
# 先编译mkversion工具，再用该工具来创建version.h文件。下行make命令中，-C后边指定需要执行make的路径，此处指tools目录，
# -f指定Makefile文件，此处指Makefile.host，并将TOPDIR这个宏的值传递给Makefile.unix，make的目标是mkversion$(HOSTEXEEXT)
# 当make命令中带有多个参数时，注意'-'和'='等特殊符号，没特殊符号约束的就是make的目标，比如此处的mkversion$(HOSTEXEEXT)
tools/mkversion$(HOSTEXEEXT):
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C tools -f Makefile.host TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" mkversion$(HOSTEXEEXT)
# 查看是否存在.version文件
$(TOPDIR)/.version:
$(Q) if [ ! -f .version ]; then \
echo "No .version file found, creating one"; \
tools/version.sh -v 0.0 -b 0 .version; \
chmod 755 .version; \
fi
# 创建version.h文件
include/nuttx/version.h: $(TOPDIR)/.version tools/mkversion$(HOSTEXEEXT)
$(Q) tools/mkversion $(TOPDIR) > include/nuttx/version.h
# ROMFS，其中rcS.template为启动脚本，nsh_romfsimg.h是根据这个启动脚本而产生的头部信息
arch/arm/include/board/nsh_romfsimg.h:
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NSH_ARCHROMFS),y)
$(Q) if [ ! -f $(BOARD_DIR)/include/rcS.template ]; then \
echo "No rcS.template file create it!!!!!"; \
fi
$(Q) cp -f $(BOARD_DIR)/include/rcS.template $(TOPDIR)/rcS.template
$(Q) tools/mkromfsimg.sh $(TOPDIR)
$(Q) if [ ! -f $(TOPDIR)/nsh_romfsimg.h ]; then \
echo "No nsh_romfsimg.h file create !!!!!"; \
fi
$(Q) cp -f nsh_romfsimg.h arch/arm/include/board/
$(Q) rm -f $(TOPDIR)/rcS.template $(TOPDIR)/nsh_romfsimg.h
else
$(Q) echo "use nsh defalut nsh_romfsimg.h for romfs"
endif
# Targets used to build include/nuttx/config.h. Creation of config.h is
# part of the overall NuttX configuration sequence. Notice that the
# tools/mkconfig tool is built and used to create include/nuttx/config.h
# 创建config.h文件
tools/mkconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT):
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C tools -f Makefile.host TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" mkconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT)
include/nuttx/config.h: $(TOPDIR)/.config tools/mkconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT)
$(Q) tools/mkconfig $(TOPDIR) > include/nuttx/config.h
# Targets used to create dependencies
# 编译Host上创建dependency的工具
tools/mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT):
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C tools -f Makefile.host TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)
tools/cnvwindeps$(HOSTEXEEXT):
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C tools -f Makefile.host TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" cnvwindeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)
# dirlinks, and helpers
#
# Directories links. Most of establishing the NuttX configuration involves
# setting up symbolic links with 'generic' directory names to specific,
# configured directories.
# Make.defs:
# $(Q) echo "No Make.defs file found, creating one"
# $(Q) echo "include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM).config" > Make.defs
# $(Q) echo "include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)tools$(DELIM)Config.mk" >> Make.defs
# tools/initialconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT):
# $(Q) $(MAKE) -C tools -f Makefile.host TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" initialconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT)
#
# .config: tools/initialconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT)
# $(Q) echo "No .config file found, creating one"
# $(Q) tools/initialconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT)
# Link the arch/<arch-name>/include directory to include/arch
include/arch: .config
@echo "LN: include/arch to $(ARCH_DIR)/include"
$(Q) $(DIRLINK) $(TOPDIR)/$(ARCH_DIR)/include include/arch
# Link the configs/<board-name>/include directory to include/arch/board
include/arch/board: include/arch
@echo "LN: include/arch/board to $(BOARD_DIR)/include"
$(Q) $(DIRLINK) $(BOARD_DIR)/include include/arch/board
# Link the configs/<board-name>/src dir to arch/<arch-name>/src/board
$(ARCH_SRC)/board: .config
@echo "LN: $(ARCH_SRC)/board to $(BOARD_DIR)/src"
$(Q) $(DIRLINK) $(BOARD_DIR)/src $(ARCH_SRC)/board
# Link arch/<arch-name>/include/<chip-name> to arch/<arch-name>/include/chip
$(ARCH_SRC)/chip: .config
ifneq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP),)
@echo "LN: $(ARCH_SRC)/chip to $(ARCH_SRC)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP)"
$(Q) $(DIRLINK) $(TOPDIR)/$(ARCH_SRC)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP) $(ARCH_SRC)/chip
endif
# Link arch/<arch-name>/src/<chip-name> to arch/<arch-name>/src/chip
include/arch/chip: include/arch
ifneq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP),)
@echo "LN: include/arch/chip to $(ARCH_INC)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP)"
$(Q) $(DIRLINK) $(TOPDIR)/$(ARCH_INC)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP) include/arch/chip
endif
# 根据依赖关系创建链接，进入nuttx/configs目录中，执行make dirlinks；进入apps/目录中，执行make dirlinks
dirlinks: include/arch include/arch/board include/arch/chip $(ARCH_SRC)/board $(ARCH_SRC)/chip
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C configs dirlinks TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)"
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C $(CONFIG_APPS_DIR) dirlinks TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)"
# context
#
# The context target is invoked on each target build to assure that NuttX is
# properly configured. The basic configuration steps include creation of the
# the config.h and version.h header files in the include/nuttx directory and
# the establishment of symbolic links to configured directories.
# CONTEXTDIRS在Directories.mk中定义
context: check_context include/nuttx/config.h include/nuttx/version.h include/math.h include/float.h include/stdarg.h dirlinks arch/arm/include/board/nsh_romfsimg.h
$(Q) for dir in $(CONTEXTDIRS) ; do \
$(MAKE) -C $$dir TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" context; \
done
# clean_context
#
# This is part of the distclean target. It removes all of the header files
# and symbolic links created by the context target.
clean_context:
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C configs TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" clean_context
$(call DELFILE, include/nuttx/config.h)
$(call DELFILE, include/nuttx/version.h)
$(call DELFILE, arch/arm/include/board/nsh_romfsimg.h)
$(call DELFILE, include/math.h)
$(call DELFILE, include/stdarg.h)
$(Q) $(DIRUNLINK) include/arch/board
$(Q) $(DIRUNLINK) include/arch/chip
$(Q) $(DIRUNLINK) include/arch
$(Q) $(DIRUNLINK) $(ARCH_SRC)/board
$(Q) $(DIRUNLINK) $(ARCH_SRC)/chip
# 检查Nuttx是否已经被配置好
# check_context
#
# This target checks if NuttX has been configured. NuttX is configured using
# the script tools/configure.sh. That script will install certain files in
# the top-level NuttX build directory. This target verifies that those
# configuration files have been installed and that NuttX is ready to be built.
check_context:
$(Q) if [ ! -e ${TOPDIR}/.config -o ! -e ${TOPDIR}/Make.defs ]; then \
echo "" ; echo "Nuttx has not been configured:" ; \
echo " cd tools; ./configure.sh <target>" ; echo "" ; \
exit 1 ; \
fi
# Archive targets. The target build sequence will first create a series of
# libraries, one per configured source file directory. The final NuttX
# execution will then be built from those libraries. The following targets
# build those libraries.
#包含各种库文件
include LibTargets.mk
# pass1 and pass2
#
# If the 2 pass build option is selected, then this pass1 target is
# configured to built before the pass2 target. This pass1 target may, as an
# example, build an extra link object (CONFIG_PASS1_OBJECT) which may be an
# incremental (relative) link object, but could be a static library (archive);
# some modification to this Makefile would be required if CONFIG_PASS1_OBJECT
# is an archive. Exactly what is performed during pass1 or what it generates
# is unknown to this makefile unless CONFIG_PASS1_OBJECT is defined.
# PASS1为apps部分
pass1deps: pass1dep $(USERLIBS)
# 如果定义了CONFIG_BUILD_2PASS，则需要先编译PASS1
pass1: pass1deps
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_2PASS),y)
$(Q) if [ -z "$(CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR)" ]; then \
echo "ERROR: CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR not defined"; \
exit 1; \
fi
$(Q) if [ ! -d "$(CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR)" ]; then \
echo "ERROR: CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR does not exist"; \
exit 1; \
fi
$(Q) if [ ! -f "$(CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR)/Makefile" ]; then \
echo "ERROR: No Makefile in CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR"; \
exit 1; \
fi
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C $(CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR) TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" LINKLIBS="$(LINKLIBS)" USERLIBS="$(USERLIBS)" "$(CONFIG_PASS1_TARGET)"
endif
# PASS2为nuttx部分
pass2deps: pass2dep $(NUTTXLIBS)
pass2: pass2deps
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C $(ARCH_SRC) TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" EXTRA_OBJS="$(EXTRA_OBJS)" LINKLIBS="$(LINKLIBS)" EXTRADEFINES=$(KDEFINE) $(BIN)
$(Q) if [ -w /tftpboot ] ; then \
cp -f $(BIN) /tftpboot/$(BIN).${CONFIG_ARCH}; \
fi
ifeq ($(CONFIG_RRLOAD_BINARY),y)
@echo "MK: $(NUTTXNAME).rr"
$(Q) $(TOPDIR)/tools/mkimage.sh --Prefix $(CROSSDEV) $(BIN) $(NUTTXNAME).rr
$(Q) if [ -w /tftpboot ] ; then \
cp -f $(NUTTXNAME).rr /tftpboot/$(NUTTXNAME).rr.$(CONFIG_ARCH); \
fi
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_INTELHEX_BINARY),y)
@echo "CP: $(NUTTXNAME).hex"
$(Q) $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYARGS) -O ihex $(BIN) $(NUTTXNAME).hex
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_MOTOROLA_SREC),y)
@echo "CP: $(NUTTXNAME).srec"
$(Q) $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYARGS) -O srec $(BIN) $(NUTTXNAME).srec
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_RAW_BINARY),y) #生成RAW格式文件，并生成nuttx.bin文件
@echo "CP: $(NUTTXNAME).bin"
$(Q) $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYARGS) -O binary $(BIN) $(NUTTXNAME).bin
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_UBOOT_UIMAGE),y)
@echo "MKIMAGE: uImage"
$(Q) mkimage -A arm -O linux -C none -T kernel -a $(CONFIG_UIMAGE_LOAD_ADDRESS) \
-e $(CONFIG_UIMAGE_ENTRY_POINT) -n $(BIN) -d $(NUTTXNAME).bin uImage
$(Q) if [ -w /tftpboot ] ; then \
cp -f uImage /tftpboot/uImage; \
fi
endif
# $(BIN)
#
# Create the final NuttX executable in a two pass build process. In the
# normal case, all pass1 and pass2 dependencies are created then pass1
# and pass2 targets are built. However, in some cases, you may need to build
# pass1 dependencies and pass1 first, then build pass2 dependencies and pass2.
# in that case, execute 'make pass1 pass2' from the command line.
$(BIN): pass1deps pass2deps pass1 pass2
# download
#
# This is a helper target that will rebuild NuttX and download it to the target
# system in one step. The operation of this target depends completely upon
# implementation of the DOWNLOAD command in the user Make.defs file. It will
# generate an error an error if the DOWNLOAD command is not defined.
download: $(BIN)
$(call DOWNLOAD, $<)
# pass1dep: Create pass1 build dependencies
# pass2dep: Create pass2 build dependencies
# 创建pass1的依赖关系，make depend后，将会生成Make.dep文件
pass1dep: context tools/mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT) tools/cnvwindeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)
$(Q) for dir in $(USERDEPDIRS) ; do \
$(MAKE) -C $$dir TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" depend ; \
done
# 创建pass2的依赖关系，make depend后，将会生成Make.dep文件
pass2dep: context tools/mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT) tools/cnvwindeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)
$(Q) for dir in $(KERNDEPDIRS) ; do \
$(MAKE) -C $$dir TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" EXTRADEFINES=$(KDEFINE) depend; \
done
# Configuration targets
#
# These targets depend on the kconfig-frontends packages. To use these, you
# must first download and install the kconfig-frontends package from this
# location: http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/projects/kconfig-frontends. See
# README.txt file in the NuttX tools GIT repository for additional information.
# 配置目标
do_config: dirlinks apps_preconfig
$(Q) APPSDIR=${CONFIG_APPS_DIR} kconfig-conf Kconfig
config: do_config clean_context
do_oldconfig: dirlinks apps_preconfig
$(Q) APPSDIR=${CONFIG_APPS_DIR} kconfig-conf --oldconfig Kconfig
oldconfig: do_oldconfig clean_context
do_olddefconfig: dirlinks apps_preconfig
$(Q) APPSDIR=${CONFIG_APPS_DIR} kconfig-conf --olddefconfig Kconfig
olddefconfig: do_olddefconfig clean_context
do_menuconfig: dirlinks apps_preconfig
$(Q) APPSDIR=${CONFIG_APPS_DIR} kconfig-mconf Kconfig
menuconfig: do_menuconfig clean_context
do_qconfig: dirlinks apps_preconfig
$(Q) APPSDIR=${CONFIG_APPS_DIR} kconfig-qconf Kconfig
qconfig: do_qconfig clean_context
do_gconfig: dirlinks apps_preconfig
$(Q) APPSDIR=${CONFIG_APPS_DIR} kconfig-gconf Kconfig
gconfig: do_gconfig clean_context
# export
#
# The export target will package the NuttX libraries and header files into
# an exportable package. Caveats: (1) These needs some extension for the KERNEL
# build; it needs to receive USERLIBS and create a libuser.a). (2) The logic
# in tools/mkexport.sh only supports GCC and, for example, explicitly assumes
# that the archiver is 'ar'
# 'make export'将生成一个打包文件，将nuttx内核中的库及头文件放置在一起
export: pass2deps
$(Q) MAKE=${MAKE} $(MKEXPORT) $(MKEXPORT_ARGS) -l "$(EXPORTLIBS)"
# General housekeeping targets: dependencies, cleaning, etc.
#
# depend: Create both PASS1 and PASS2 dependencies
# clean: Removes derived object files, archives, executables, and
# temporary files, but retains the configuration and context
# files and directories.
# distclean: Does 'clean' then also removes all configuration and context
# files. This essentially restores the directory structure
# to its original, unconfigured stated.
# 生成依赖关系
depend: pass1dep pass2dep
subdir_clean:
$(Q) for dir in $(CLEANDIRS) ; do \
if [ -e $$dir/Makefile ]; then \
$(MAKE) -C $$dir TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" clean ; \
fi \
done
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C tools -f Makefile.host TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" clean
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_2PASS),y)
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C $(CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR) TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" clean
endif
# make clean，将目录中生成的文件都删除掉
clean: subdir_clean
$(call DELFILE, $(BIN))
$(call DELFILE, nuttx.*)
$(call DELFILE, *.map)
$(call DELFILE, _SAVED_APPS_config)
$(call DELFILE, nuttx-export*)
$(call DELFILE, nuttx_user*)
$(call CLEAN)
subdir_distclean:
$(Q) for dir in $(CLEANDIRS) ; do \
if [ -e $$dir/Makefile ]; then \
$(MAKE) -C $$dir TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" distclean ; \
fi \
done
# make distclean，将目录中生成的文件，以及配置项都删除掉
distclean: clean subdir_distclean clean_context
ifeq ($(CONFIG_BUILD_2PASS),y)
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C $(CONFIG_PASS1_BUILDIR) TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" distclean
endif
$(call DELFILE, Make.defs)
$(call DELFILE, .config)
$(call DELFILE, .config.old)
# Application housekeeping targets. The APPDIR variable refers to the user
# application directory. A sample apps/ directory is included with NuttX,
# however, this is not treated as part of NuttX and may be replaced with a
# different application directory. For the most part, the application
# directory is treated like any other build directory in this script. However,
# as a convenience, the following targets are included to support housekeeping
# functions in the user application directory from the NuttX build directory.
#
# apps_preconfig: Prepare applications to be configured
# apps_clean: Perform the clean operation only in the user application
# directory
# apps_distclean: Perform the distclean operation only in the user application
# directory.
# 针对apps目录下的配置及清除工作
apps_preconfig:
ifneq ($(APPDIR),)
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C "$(TOPDIR)/$(APPDIR)" TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" preconfig
endif
apps_clean:
ifneq ($(APPDIR),)
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C "$(TOPDIR)/$(APPDIR)" TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" clean
endif
apps_distclean:
ifneq ($(APPDIR),)
$(Q) $(MAKE) -C "$(TOPDIR)/$(APPDIR)" TOPDIR="$(TOPDIR)" distclean
endif
顶层目录中的Makefile，通过make -C逐层进入子目录中，执行相应的编译动作，最终找到所有的依赖关系，生成
nuttx及nuttx.bin文件。
apps目录中的编译方式也类似，从apps/Makefile开始分析即可。
