社会
Lala2018-09-20
Lala
职业双语播音员
资深美音口语培训师
今日导读
讲到时尚界,我们脑海里浮现的可能都是模特和设计师光鲜靓丽、从容潇洒的模样。可是,最近在法国出版的一本书却颠覆了我们的这一印象。这本书引起了法国媒体的一片哗然,报刊纷纷发出了《时尚的阴暗面》和《基于无薪工作的富豪行业》这样的专题报道。这本书到底表达了什么观点呢?我们今天就跟着 Lala 老师来解读一下作者的观点吧!
带着问题听讲解
Q1: 文中用多少形容词描绘了时尚行业?
Q2: “a blurring of the line”中介词 of 表达的是什么意思?
Q3: 用自己的话总结一下为什么 Mia 这样的“时尚民工”甘于被剥削。
新闻正文
Chanel shoes, but no salary: how one woman exposed the scandal of the French fashion industry
穿着香奈儿鞋子,却没有工资:一名女性对法国时尚界丑闻的曝光
Giulia Mensitieri, an alumnus of one of France’s elite universities, takes little to no personal interest in clothes. So it is likely to have been an ugly surprise to the French fashion industry that her PhD—now a book entitled The Most Beautiful Job in the World—has opened up its secretive profession in such a dramatically public way.
吉乌莉娅·蒙斯提亚里是法国某精英大学的校友,她个人对衣服没什么兴趣。所以,她的著作揭露业界丑闻这件事对法国时尚界来说,可能是个讨厌的意外。她的博士论文现在已是一本名为《世界最美职业》的书,它用一种充满戏剧性的公开方式揭露了法国时尚界不为大众所知的职业内幕。
The reality of fashion was illustrated by Mensitieri’s chance introduction to her subject matter. She met “Mia”, a successful Italian stylist who had moved to Paris: “She was wearing Chanel shoes and being flown across the world in business class.” But Mia couldn’t afford to rent a room, so she was couch surfing at a friend’s house. “She was eating McDonald’s every day. She never knew when she would be paid for a job and how much she would get. For a week’s work, a very big luxury brand gave her a voucher for £4,500 to spend in their boutique.”
蒙斯提亚里无意间接触了她的研究题材,而这一题材描绘了时尚界的现实。她遇见了“米娅”,一位移居法国、事业成功的意大利籍造型师:“她穿着香奈儿的鞋子,坐着商务舱满世界飞。”但米娅付不起房租,所以她在一个朋友家睡沙发。“她每天都在吃麦当劳。她从来不知道她什么时候能收到工资,也不知道她能拿多少钱。作为她一周工作的报酬,一家很大的奢侈品牌给了她一张在他们时装店里使用的、价值 4500 英镑的代金券。”
True, Mia could have sold it. But Mensitieri points out that working in fashion means being seen in a constantly updated uniform of beautiful, expensive clothes and accessories—paid for by vouchers instead of a salary.
确实,米娅本来也可以把代金券卖出去。但蒙斯提亚里指出,在时尚界工作意味着穿着一身“制服”示人,这种“制服”由不断升级的华贵衣服和饰品构成—— “制服”是用代金券支付的,而不是用薪水。
“The message is, you don’t have to be paid because you are lucky to be there at all. Working in fashion is hyper socially validating, even if you’re unpaid. Fashion presents itself as something exceptional, a world outside the ordinary,” she says.
“这种现象传递的信息是,你不需要薪水,是因为你能在那里工作就幸运得要命了。在时尚界工作是超级有社会认同感的,哪怕你没有薪水。时尚界将自己塑造成一种不同寻常的样子,一个区分于平凡的世界。”她说道。
“To me, fashion is the very centre of contemporary capitalism—it upholds the old forms of exploitation and the new, very modern forms which are more a kind of self-exploitation, a blurring of the line between your work and everything you are outside of work.”
“对于我来说,时尚是当代资本主义的正中心——它维护着旧形态的剥削和新型的、非常现代形态的剥削。这种剥削更多的是一种自我剥削和一种界限上的模糊,模糊的是你的工作和你工作外的一切之间的界限。”
————— 文章来源 / 卫报
重点词汇
alumnus/əˈlʌmnəs/
n. 校友
a book entitled …
一本名叫 … 的书
open up
揭露,公开
secretive /ˈsiːkrətɪv/
adj. 保密的;不为人知的
e.g.
He’s being very secretive about his new girlfriend.
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/
adv. 戏剧性地;夸张地
chance/tʃæns/
adj. 偶然的,意外的
subject matter
题材;内容
e.g.
The subject matter of this course is sociology.
stylist /ˈstaɪlɪst/
n. 造型师,设计师
afford to do sth.
负担得起做某事的费用
e.g.
My family cannot afford to put me in a private school.
couch surf
做沙发客;进行沙发旅行
boutique/buːˈtiːk/
n. 时装店;精品店
accessory /əkˈsesəri/
n. 配饰
e.g.
a set of fully matching clothes and accessories
hyper/ˈhaɪpər/
adj. 超级;非常
validating/ˈvælɪdeɪtɪŋ/
adj. 认同的;具有认同感的
e.g.
Working as a teacher is validating.
unpaid/ˌʌnˈpeɪd/
adj. 无偿的;没有薪水的
exceptional/ɪkˈsepʃənl/
adj. 不同寻常的;独特的
e.g.
Daniel’s command of grammatical knowledge is exceptional.
ordinary/ˈɔːrdneri/
adj. 平凡的;普通的
contemporary /kənˈtempəreri/
adj. 当代的
uphold/ʌpˈhoʊld/
v. 维持;保持
e.g.
uphold educational standards
exploitation/ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 剥削
a blurring of the line between … and …
一种对 … 和 … 之间界限的模糊
拓展内容
“时尚民工”的工资和心态
《世界最美职业》中还采访了另一位某知名奢侈品牌的资深员工。这名员工虽然为 Lady Gaga 等名人做过造型、负责着产品线三分之一的设计,拿到手的却只是最低工资。同时,被她视为天才和精神导师的创意总监,每月的工资足足有 1 万 1 千多英镑。她其实心知肚明,她的月资涨幅仅需增加 90 英镑就可以让她的生活过得宽裕些,但那位总监却迟迟不肯提薪。在看清现实后,这名员工最终选择了离职。
蒙斯提亚里把这种现象称之为“对支配的美化”。员工把像总监这样的控制者捧上神坛,从而将控制者对他们的剥削合理化。蒙斯提亚里用新自由主义的观点解释了这种“对控制的美化”。她认为,员工将结构性的支配(也就是上级的剥削)个体化了,这导致员工把这些剥削行为当做是个人主观层面上的问题。比如,遭到剥削的低薪员工哪怕总是因为细枝末节的事情被无端责骂,却还总在强调剥削者的特殊性。“他可是个天才,天才都是这样的。”
对了,官方数据称,香奈儿的创意总监卡尔·拉格菲(又称“老佛爷”)的净身价高达两亿美元。
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