一、NSOperation简介
1.简单说明
NSOperation的作⽤:配合使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue也能实现多线程编程
NSOperation和NSOperationQueue实现多线程的具体步骤:
(1)先将需要执行的操作封装到一个NSOperation对象中
(2)然后将NSOperation对象添加到NSOperationQueue中
(3)系统会⾃动将NSOperationQueue中的NSOperation取出来
(4)将取出的NSOperation封装的操作放到⼀条新线程中执⾏
2.NSOperation的子类
NSOperation是个抽象类,并不具备封装操作的能力,必须使⽤它的子类
使用NSOperation⼦类的方式有3种:
(1)NSInvocationOperation
(2)NSBlockOperation
(3)自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应的⽅法
二、 具体说明
1.NSInvocationOperation子类
创建对象和执行操作:
1 //创建操作对象,封装要执行的任务
2 //NSInvocationOperation 封装操作
3 NSInvocationOperation *operation=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil];
4
5 //执行操作
6 [operation start];
说明:一旦执⾏操作,就会调用target的test方法
代码示例:
9 #import "YYViewController.h"
10
11 @interface YYViewController ()
12
13 @end
14
15 @implementation YYViewController
16
17 - (void)viewDidLoad
18 {
19 [super viewDidLoad];
20
21 //NSOperation:抽象类,不具备封装功能
22
23 //创建操作对象,封装要执行的任务
24 //NSInvocationOperation 封装操作
25 NSInvocationOperation *operation=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil];
26
27 //执行操作
28 [operation start];
29
30 }
31
32 -(void)test
33 {
34
35 NSLog(@"--test--%@--",[NSThread currentThread]);
36 }
37 @end
打印查看:
注意:操作对象默认在主线程中执行,只有添加到队列中才会开启新的线程。即默认情况下,如果操作没有放到队列中queue中,都是同步执行。只有将NSOperation放到一个NSOperationQueue中,才会异步执行操作
2.NSBlockOperation子类
创建对象和添加操作:
1 //创建NSBlockOperation操作对象
2 NSBlockOperation *operation=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
3 //......
4 }];
5
6 //添加操作
7 [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
8 //....
9 }];
10
代码示例:
代码1:
9 #import "YYViewController.h"
10
11 @interface YYViewController ()
12
13 @end
14
15 @implementation YYViewController
16
17 - (void)viewDidLoad
18 {
19 [super viewDidLoad];
20
21 //创建NSBlockOperation操作对象
22 NSBlockOperation *operation=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
23 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
24 }];
25
26
27 //开启执行操作
28 [operation start];
29 }
30 @end
打印查看:
代码2:
9 #import "YYViewController.h"
10
11 @interface YYViewController ()
12
13 @end
14
15 @implementation YYViewController
16
17 - (void)viewDidLoad
18 {
19 [super viewDidLoad];
20
21 //创建NSBlockOperation操作对象
22 NSBlockOperation *operation=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
23 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
24 }];
25
26 //添加操作
27 [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
28 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation1------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
29 }];
30
31 [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
32 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation2------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
33 }];
34
35 //开启执行操作
36 [operation start];
37 }
38 @end
注意:只要NSBlockOperation封装的操作数 > 1,就会异步执行操作
3.NSOperationQueue
NSOperationQueue的作⽤:NSOperation可以调⽤start⽅法来执⾏任务,但默认是同步执行的
如果将NSOperation添加到NSOperationQueue(操作队列)中,系统会自动异步执行NSOperation中的操作
添加操作到NSOperationQueue中,自动执行操作,自动开启线程
1 //创建NSOperationQueue
2 NSOperationQueue * queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
3 //把操作添加到队列中
4 //第一种方式
5 [queue addOperation:operation1];
6 [queue addOperation:operation2];
7 [queue addOperation:operation3];
8 //第二种方式
9 [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
10 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation3--4----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
11 }];
- -(void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)op;
- -(void)addOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block;
代码示例:
9 #import "YYViewController.h"
10
11 @interface YYViewController ()
12
13 @end
14
15 @implementation YYViewController
16
17 - (void)viewDidLoad
18 {
19 [super viewDidLoad];
20
21 //创建NSInvocationOperation对象,封装操作
22 NSInvocationOperation *operation1=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test1) object:nil];
23 NSInvocationOperation *operation2=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test2) object:nil];
24 //创建对象,封装操作
25 NSBlockOperation *operation3=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
26 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation3--1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
27 }];
28 [operation3 addExecutionBlock:^{
29 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation3--2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
30 }];
31
32 //创建NSOperationQueue
33 NSOperationQueue * queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
34 //把操作添加到队列中
35 [queue addOperation:operation1];
36 [queue addOperation:operation2];
37 [queue addOperation:operation3];
38 }
39
40 -(void)test1
41 {
42 NSLog(@"NSInvocationOperation--test1--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
43 }
44
45 -(void)test2
46 {
47 NSLog(@"NSInvocationOperation--test2--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
48 }
49
50 @end
打印效果:
注意:系统自动将NSOperationqueue中的NSOperation对象取出,将其封装的操作放到一条新的线程中执行。上面的代码示例中,一共有四个任务,operation1和operation2分别有一个任务,operation3有两个任务。一共四个任务,开启了四条线程。通过任务执行的时间全部都是273可以看出,这些任务是并行执行的。
提示:队列的取出是有顺序的,与打印结果并不矛盾。这就好比,选手A,BC虽然起跑的顺序是先A,后B,然后C,但是到达终点的顺序却不一定是A,B在前,C在后。
下面使用for循环打印,可以更明显的看出任务是并发执行的。
代码示例:
3 @interface YYViewController ()
4
5 @end
6
7 @implementation YYViewController
8
9 - (void)viewDidLoad
10 {
11 [super viewDidLoad];
12
13 //创建NSInvocationOperation对象,封装操作
14 NSInvocationOperation *operation1=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test1) object:nil];
15 NSInvocationOperation *operation2=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test2) object:nil];
16 //创建对象,封装操作
17 NSBlockOperation *operation3=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
18 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
19 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation3--1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
20 }
21 }];
22 [operation3 addExecutionBlock:^{
23 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
24 NSLog(@"NSBlockOperation3--2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
25 }
26 }];
27
28 //创建NSOperationQueue
29 NSOperationQueue * queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
30 //把操作添加到队列中
31 [queue addOperation:operation1];
32 [queue addOperation:operation2];
33 [queue addOperation:operation3];
34 }
35
36 -(void)test1
37 {
38 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
39 NSLog(@"NSInvocationOperation--test1--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
40 }
41 }
42
43 -(void)test2
44 {
45 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
46 NSLog(@"NSInvocationOperation--test2--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
47 }
48 }
49
50 @end