近日报名参加英语语法学习网络课程,拟将学习内容集中整理,巩固知识,并且供后续查阅使用。
No.1 名词从句之主语从句
主语从句,即以从句作为句子的主语成分,包括以下3种类型:
- 一般陈述句做句子主语,用that引导,that位于句首,不可省略;
- 一般疑问句做句子主语,用whether引导,whether位于句首,不可使用if;
- 特殊疑问句做主语,用特殊疑问词引导,特殊疑问词位于句首;
- it作形式主语,连接词可以用that、whether/if、特殊疑问词。
whether引导一般疑问句作句子主语成分,whether位于句首,不可使用if
课堂作业及参考答案
- 课堂作业:政府究竟是应减少对技术经费的投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往往取决于把哪个看作驱动因素。
- 我的翻译:Whether the government should reduce the budget for technology to increasing the part for abstract science or copes with them oppositely always depends that they regards which one as a driving factor.
- 参考答案: Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
复盘总结
句子结构
单词选用
-
经费:financing/finance、funding、budget
financing/finance: the money that is needed to pay for something, especially a big project
funding: money that is provided by an organization for a particular purpose
budget: the money that is available to someone, or a plan of how it will be spent
——引用《朗文搭配》由以上词典释义可见,financing/finance和funding的意思较为接近,但是funding更加强调是由某一机* 构提供的、用于某一特定目的的经费,financing/finance则没有这种强调。
而budget更强调具体怎么“花”的意思。
此处用financing/finance或funding更加合适。 纯理论科学:
abstract science/pure science,对应applied science,即应用科学。驱动因素:
driving factor:从例句来看,多用于指事物;
driving force:可用于指人,也可用于事物。
二者适用的范围不同。
固定用法
-
at the expense of sb(sth)/ at the cost of sb(sth)
with loss or damage to sb or sth
——引用自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第七版)》
后接名词成分,表示以……为代价,表示一种此消彼长的关系。of后面可以是正面也可以是负面事物,但一般是正面事物。 -
vice versa
used to state that what you have just said is also true in the opposite order
——引用自《剑桥双解》表示反过来也一样,反之亦然。
- I can do anything for him and vice versa.
我能为他做任何事情,他也一样。
- I can do anything for him and vice versa.
of引起的介词短语做后置定语,例如:
the wealth of the nation(所有关系)
a man of good manner(表示特征)
passion of dance(动宾关系)
the growth of economic(主谓关系)
the city of Beijing(同位关系)
参考答案中用issue指代前面提到的课题,用of which以介词短语的结构做后置定语。
我的错误用法
- reduce sth to sth
错误地用来表达“减少……来增加……”,实际上意思应该是“将……简化(概括)成……”- Can you reduce your long talk to a word?
你能将你的长篇大论概括成一句话吗?
- Can you reduce your long talk to a word?
- depends that……
depend是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语(或相当于宾语的句子成分),一般用depend on
拓展造句
- whether引导主语从句
Whether I can pass this exam or not decides my future.
It doesn't matter whether it is a fine day or not , we will start our journey tomorrow. - at the expense of
I think it is worth increasing the expenditure of study at the expense of cosmetics.
The economic of this state grows rapidly at the expense of quality. - vice versa
I can use his computer and it is vice versa.
I often dress up after making up myself but it is vice versa.