承上启下
- 承接上一个博客
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_day06 |
+-----------------+
| category |
| product |
| Student |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
-- 所有商品
1、商品id
2、商品名称
3、商品价格
4、商品日期
5、商品分类id--> category
mysql> select * from product;
+-----+--------------+-------+-------+------+
| pid | pname | price | pdate | con |
+-----+--------------+-------+-------+------+
| 1 | 小米 | 998 | NULL | 1 |
| 2 | 特步 | 300 | NULL | 1 |
| 3 | 老村长 | 99 | NULL | 2 |
| 4 | 劲酒 | 88 | NULL | 3 |
| 5 | 小熊饼干 | 35 | NULL | 3 |
| 6 | 红牛 | 5 | NULL | 4 |
| 7 | 三只松鼠 | 135 | NULL | 5 |
| 8 | 王老吉 | 5 | NULL | 4 |
| 9 | Mac | 10000 | NULL | 1 |
+-----+--------------+-------+-------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 商品分类:手机数码、鞋靴箱包
1、分类的id
2、分类的名称
3、分类的描述
mysql> select * from category;
+-----+--------------+--------------------------------+
| cid | cname | cdesc |
+-----+--------------+--------------------------------+
| 1 | 手机数码 | 电子产品,三星出品 |
| 2 | 鞋靴箱包 | made in china |
| 3 | 香烟酒水 | 生活用品,茅台芙蓉王 |
| 4 | 红牛 | 饮料 |
| 5 | 三只松鼠 | 零食 |
+-----+--------------+--------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术分析
-
多表之间的关系如何维护
外键约束(foreign key)
给product中的con 添加一个外键约束
alter table product add foreign key(con) references category(cid);
从分类category中删除cid = 5 的数据
delete from category where cid=5; 删除失败
首先得去product表中删除所有分类id为5的商品
delete from product where con =5;
- 给product中的con 添加一个外键约束
mysql> alter table product add foreign key(con) references category(cid);
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> delete from category where cid=5;
ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (day06
.product
, CONSTRAINTproduct_ibfk_1
FOREIGN KEY (con
) REFERENCEScategory
(cid
))
mysql>
- 首先得去product表中删除所有分类id为5的商品
mysql> delete from category where cid=5;
ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (day06
.product
, CONSTRAINTproduct_ibfk_1
FOREIGN KEY (con
) REFERENCEScategory
(cid
))
mysql> delete from product where con =5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> delete from category where cid=5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
建数据库原则
通常情况下,一个项目/应用建立一个数据库
-
多表之间的建表原则
- 一对多: 商品和分类
建表原则
:在多的一方添加一个外键指向少的一方的主键- 多对多: 老师跟学生、学生跟课程
建表原则
:建立一张中间表,将多对多的关系拆分成一对多的关系,中间表至少要有两个外键,分别指向原来的那两张表- 一对一: 班级跟班长,公民身份证与公民,国家跟国旗
建表原则
:
1)将一对一情况,当作是一对多情况处理,在任意一张表添加一个外键,并且 这个外键要唯一执行另外一张表
2)直接将两张表合并成一张表
3)将两张表的主键建立连接,让两张表里面主键相等
实际用途
. 拆表操作:
案例【商城】
-
如下图:
- 案例【详细分析】
- 用户表
create table user ( uid int primary key auto_increment, userName varchar(31), password varchar(31), phone varchar(31) ); insert into user values(null,'zhangsan','123456','15576762548'); insert into user values(null,'Lisi','131415','18676729358');
- 订单表
订单编号、总价、订单时间、地址、外键用户id create table `orders`( `oid` int primary key auto_increment, `sum` double not null, `otime` timestamp, `address` varchar(100), `uno` int, foreign key(`uno`) references user(`uid`) ); insert into `orders` values(null,200.0,null,'西湖区',1); insert into `orders` values(null,150.7,null,'余杭区',2);
- 商品表
商品id、商品名称、商品价格、分类外键cno create table `product`( `pid` int primary key auto_increment, `pname` varchar(10), `price` double, `cno` int, foreign key(`cno`) references category(`cid`) ); insert into `product` values(null,'iphone',5300,1); insert into `product` values(null,'茅台',1800,2); insert into `product` values(null,'卫生纸',5,3); insert into `product` values(null,'香蕉',10,4); insert into `product` values(null,'大白菜',30,5); insert into `product` values(null,'三只松鼠',100,6); insert into `product` values(null,'葡萄',15,4); insert into `product` values(null,'五粮液',800,2);
- 分类表
分类id、分类名称、分类描述 create table `category`( `cid` int primary key auto_increment, `cname` varchar(31), `cdesc` varchar(100) ); insert into `category` values(null,'电器','电器类商品'); insert into `category` values(null,'副食品','烟酒类'); insert into `category` values(null,'生活用品','用于生活'); insert into `category` values(null,'水果','吃吃更健康'); insert into `category` values(null,'蔬菜','绿色食品'); insert into `category` values(null,'干果','好吃的零食');
- 订单项: 中间表
*** ** 订单表与商品表 多对多的关系 订单表 -> 订单项 : 一对多 商品表 -> 订单项 : 一对多 ** ** 订单id、商品id、商品数量、订单项总价 create table orderItem( `ono` int, `pno` int, foreign key(`pno`) references `product`(`pid`), foreign key(`ono`) references `orders`(`oid`), ocount int, subSum double ); 给1号订单添加商品 400块的商品 insert into `orderItem` values(1,3,40,200); //卫生纸 insert into `orderItem` values(1,4,20,200); //香蕉 给2号订单添加商品 250块的商品 insert into `orderItem` values(2,6,10,200); //三只松鼠 insert into `orderItem` values(2,4,5,50); //香蕉
查看数据
mysql> select * from user;
+-----+----------+----------+-------------+
| uid | userName | password | phone |
+-----+----------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 123456 | 15576762548 |
| 2 | Lisi | 131415 | 18676729358 |
+-----+----------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from orders;
+-----+-------+-------+-----------+------+
| oid | sum | otime | address | uno |
+-----+-------+-------+-----------+------+
| 1 | 200 | NULL | 西湖区 | 1 |
| 2 | 150.7 | NULL | 余杭区 | 2 |
+-----+-------+-------+-----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from product;
+-----+--------------+-------+------+
| pid | pname | price | cno |
+-----+--------------+-------+------+
| 1 | iphone | 5300 | 1 |
| 3 | 茅台 | 1800 | 2 |
| 4 | 卫生纸 | 5 | 3 |
| 5 | 香蕉 | 10 | 4 |
| 6 | 大白菜 | 30 | 5 |
| 7 | 三只松鼠 | 100 | 6 |
| 8 | 葡萄 | 15 | 4 |
| 9 | 五粮液 | 800 | 2 |
+-----+--------------+-------+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from category;
+-----+--------------+-----------------+
| cid | cname | cdesc |
+-----+--------------+-----------------+
| 1 | 电器 | 电器类商品 |
| 2 | 副食品 | 烟酒类 |
| 3 | 生活用品 | 用于生活 |
| 4 | 水果 | 吃吃更健康 |
| 5 | 蔬菜 | 绿色食品 |
| 6 | 干果 | 好吃的零食 |
+-----+--------------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from orderItem;
+------+------+--------+--------+
| ono | pno | ocount | subSum |
+------+------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 3 | 40 | 200 |
| 1 | 4 | 20 | 200 |
| 2 | 6 | 10 | 200 |
| 2 | 4 | 5 | 50 |
+------+------+--------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看 一个订单对应很多商品
mysql> select * from orderItem where ono = 1;
+------+------+--------+--------+
| ono | pno | ocount | subSum |
+------+------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 3 | 40 | 200 |
| 1 | 4 | 20 | 200 |
+------+------+--------+--------+
//查看 一个商品对应很多订单
mysql> select * from orderItem where pno = 4;
+------+------+--------+--------+
| ono | pno | ocount | subSum |
+------+------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 4 | 20 | 200 |
| 2 | 4 | 5 | 50 |
+------+------+--------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 未完待续....
- 下一章节更精彩