以我第一次读源码的顺序。

创建锁：

private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984872572414699L;
private final Sync sync;

public ReentrantLock() {
    sync = new NonfairSync();
}

public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
    sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}

//主要逻辑都是基于这个大名鼎鼎的AQS
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {}

加锁

public void lock() {
    sync.lock();
}

非公平锁：

final void lock() {
    // 直接通过cas获取锁，state == 0锁可用
    if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
    //如果没有拿到则
    else
        acquire(1);
}

protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
}

protected final void setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread thread) {
      exclusiveOwnerThread = thread;
}

public final void acquire(int arg) {
     // addWaiter就是把当前线程封装成node，添加到等待队列的尾端
    if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
        acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
        //这里没太想明白，什么状态才会需要自我中断
        selfInterrupt();
}

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
    return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
}

final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
    final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    // state == 0，没有人占用锁
    if (c == 0) {
        if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }
    }
    // 持有锁的线程可重入
    else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
        int nextc = c + acquires;
        if (nextc < 0) // overflow
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        setState(nextc);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
    boolean failed = true;
    try {
        boolean interrupted = false;
        for (;;) {
            final Node p = node.predecessor();
            if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                setHead(node);
                p.next = null; // help GC
                failed = false;
                return interrupted;
            }
            // 如果符合park的条件，其实就是前序node状态为-1，则进入parkAndCheckInterrupt()函数，其中调用LockSupport.park()实现线程的阻塞；否则就尝试赋值前序状态至-1，然后再次尝试获取锁，如果没拿到则进入阻塞。
            if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                interrupted = true;
        }
    } finally {
        if (failed)
            cancelAcquire(node);
    }
}

private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
    int ws = pred.waitStatus;
    if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
        return true;
    if (ws > 0) {
        // ws > 0 -> ws = CANCEL，把cancel节点从队列中移除
        do {
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
        } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
        pred.next = node;
    } else {
        // 如果前序的状态为0或-2，-3，则尝试将前序变为-1
        compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
    }
    return false;
}

//这里没太想明白，当前线程什么时候会设置interrupt呢？
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
    LockSupport.park(this);
    return Thread.interrupted();
}

维护了一个双向链表，用于存放等待锁的线程node，包括head，tail。
sync的状态status，0表示空闲，>0有占用。
还有这几个offset变量，存储的是通过unsafe.objectFieldOffset方法获取到的各变量的内存偏移地址。
AQS继承AOS，AOS有个重要的变量exclusiveOwnerThread，存储的就是当前持有锁的线程。

int CANCELLED = 1 //节点从同步队列中取消
int SIGNAL = -1 //后继线程处于等待状态，如果当前节点释放同步状态会通知后继线程，使其能够运行
int CONDITION = -2//当前节点进入等待队列中
int PROPAGATE = -3//表示下一次共享式同步状态获取将会无条件传播下去
int INITIAL = 0;//初始状态

公平锁：

final void lock() {
    acquire(1);
}

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
    final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    if (c == 0) {
        if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
            compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }
    }
    else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
        int nextc = c + acquires;
        if (nextc < 0)
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        setState(nextc);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
    // The correctness of this depends on head being initialized
    // before tail and on head.next being accurate if the current
    // thread is first in queue.
    Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
    Node h = head;
    Node s;
    return h != t &&
        ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
}

公平锁相对于非公平锁，就多了一个逻辑hasQueuedPredecessors()。
对于非公平锁，当某个线程尝试获取锁的时候，如果正好碰到前一个线程释放了锁，通过cas拿到锁，那就可以了。而对于公平锁，是按照AQS队列的先后顺序来获取锁的。

释放锁

公平和非公平锁的释放逻辑是一致的

public void unlock() {
    sync.release(1);
}

public final boolean release(int arg) {
    if (tryRelease(arg)) {
        Node h = head;
        if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
            unparkSuccessor(h);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// 如果释放成功后state==0，则return true
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
    int c = getState() - releases;
    if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
        throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
    boolean free = false;
    if (c == 0) {
        free = true;
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
    }
    setState(c);
    return free;
}

private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
    int ws = node.waitStatus;
    if (ws < 0)
        compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);

    //倒叙寻找离head最近的可唤醒线程
    Node s = node.next;
    if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
        s = null;
        for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
            if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                s = t;
    }
    if (s != null)
        LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}