现在的网站,很多都有需要动态更换主题风格的需求,比如每到特殊节日,更换为带有节日气氛的主题。还有用户通过手机端浏览器访问,如果没有做移动端的适配,你的网站基本也是没办法看的。本文介绍了使用Spring Mobile实现网站移动端适配及动态更换网站主题风格。
Spring Mobile简介
Spring Mobile可以检测出当前请求使用的设备是PC、还是手机或者是平板以及用户设备是安卓平台还是iOS平台,然后根据请求设备的不同,返回适合该设备的视图。
引入Spring Mobile
如果你的项目是基于Spring Boot构建的,只需在项目中引入Spring Mobile的starter即可:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mobile</artifactId>
</dependency>
上代码
本文使用的是Thymeleaf模板引擎,其它模板引擎原理也是一样的。application.properties文件中Thymeleaf模板引擎的配置如下:
# THYMELEAF
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
spring.thymeleaf.mode=LEGACYHTML5
spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html
创建controller:
@Controller
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test() {
return "test";
}
}
在/resources/templates目录下,新建default目录,用于存放PC端默认主题的视图。新建test.html文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>这里是【PC端测试页面】</h2>
</body>
</html>
在/resources/templates目录下,新建theme-blue目录,用于存放PC端蓝色主题的视图。新建test.html文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 style="color: deepskyblue">这里是【PC端测试页面-蓝色主题】</h2>
</body>
</html>
在/resources/templates目录下,新建mobile目录,用于存放移动端默认主题的视图。新建test.html文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>这里是【移动端测试页面】</h2>
</body>
</html>
在/resources/templates目录下,新建theme-mobile-blue目录,用于存放移动端蓝色主题的视图。新建test.html文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 style="color: deepskyblue">这里是【移动端测试页面-蓝色主题】</h2>
</body>
</html>
新建主题视图解析类ThemeViewResolver:
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.Device;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.DeviceUtils;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.util.ResolverUtils;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.view.LiteDeviceDelegatingViewResolver;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.util.ClassLoaderUtils;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Locale;
@Component
public class ThemeViewResolver extends LiteDeviceDelegatingViewResolver {
// PC端默认主题目录
private static final String DEFAULT_NORMAL_THEME = "default/";
// 手机端默认主题目录
private static final String DEFAULT_MOBILE_THEME = "mobile/";
// 平板端默认主题目录
private static final String DEFAULT_TABLET_THEME = "mobile/";
// PC端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME = "default/";
// 手机端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME = "mobile/";
// 平板端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_TABLET_THEME = "mobile/";
@Value("${spring.thymeleaf.prefix}")
private String thymeleafPrefix;
@Value("${spring.thymeleaf.suffix}")
private String thymeleafSuffix;
public ThemeViewResolver(@Qualifier("thymeleafViewResolver") ViewResolver delegate) {
super(delegate);
}
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
// 是否支持回退
// true表示如果找不到移动端视图,则使用PC端默认视图
this.setEnableFallback(true);
this.setNormalPrefix(DEFAULT_NORMAL_THEME);
this.setMobilePrefix(DEFAULT_MOBILE_THEME);
this.setTabletPrefix(DEFAULT_TABLET_THEME);
// 设置的优先级要比ThymeleafViewResolver高,要在ThymeleafViewResolver之前解析
this.setOrder(1);
}
/**
* 检查当前请求使用的设备,然后根据请求设备的不同,返回适合该设备的视图名
*/
@Override
protected String getDeviceViewNameInternal(String viewName) {
RequestAttributes attrs = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) attrs).getRequest();
Device device = DeviceUtils.getCurrentDevice(request);
String resolvedViewName = viewName;
String currentTheme = this.getNormalPrefix();
if (ResolverUtils.isNormal(device, null)) {
currentTheme = StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME) ? appendTrailingSlash(CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME) : this.getNormalPrefix();
resolvedViewName = currentTheme + viewName + this.getNormalSuffix();
} else if (ResolverUtils.isMobile(device, null)) {
currentTheme = StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME) ? appendTrailingSlash(CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME) : this.getMobilePrefix();
resolvedViewName = currentTheme + viewName + this.getMobileSuffix();
} else if (ResolverUtils.isTablet(device, null)) {
currentTheme = StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CURRENT_TABLET_THEME) ? appendTrailingSlash(CURRENT_TABLET_THEME) : this.getTabletPrefix();
resolvedViewName = currentTheme + viewName + this.getTabletSuffix();
}
return this.stripTrailingSlash(resolvedViewName);
}
@Override
public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
// 获取当前设备对应的视图名
String deviceViewName = this.getDeviceViewName(viewName);
// 检查设备视图模板是否存在
boolean deviceViewExisted = checkViewExisted(deviceViewName);
View view = null;
if (this.getEnableFallback() && !deviceViewExisted) {
// 启用回退功能
// 如果设备视图模板不存在,则返回PC端默认视图
String normalViewName = this.getNormalPrefix().concat(viewName).concat(this.getNormalSuffix());
view = this.getViewResolver().resolveViewName(normalViewName, locale);
} else {
view = this.getViewResolver().resolveViewName(deviceViewName, locale);
}
return view;
}
public boolean checkViewExisted(String viewName) {
String prefix = thymeleafPrefix.replace("classpath:/", StringUtils.EMPTY);
String fullPath = prefix.concat(viewName).concat(thymeleafSuffix);
URL url = ClassLoaderUtils.getClassLoader(this.getClass()).getResource(fullPath);
return url != null;
}
private String stripTrailingSlash(String viewName) {
return viewName.endsWith("//") ? viewName.substring(0, viewName.length() - 1) : viewName;
}
private String appendTrailingSlash(String themeName) {
return themeName.endsWith("/") ? themeName : themeName.concat("/");
}
}
使用PC端访问:
使用移动端访问:
修改当前使用的主题为蓝色主题:
// PC端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME = "theme-blue/";
// 手机端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME = "theme-mobile-blue/";
// 平板端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_TABLET_THEME = "theme-mobile-blue/";
使用PC端访问:
使用移动端访问:
测试回退功能,删除theme-mobile-blue目录,因为找不到移动端蓝色主题视图,则回退使用PC端默认视图。