1. 生产环境部署K8s的2种方式
- kubeadmKubeadm是一个工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
部署地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/ - 二进制推荐,从官方下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。
下载地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
2. 服务器硬件配置推荐
3. 使用kubeadm快速搭建K8s集群
1、安装Docker
2、创建一个Master 节点
kubeadm init
3、将一个Node 节点加入到当前集群中
kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口>
4、部署容器网络(CNI)
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
5、部署Web UI(Dashboard)
3.1 安装要求
在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件:
- 一台或多台机器,操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
- 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
- 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像
- 禁止swap分区
3.2 准备环境
关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux:
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
关闭swap:
swapoff -a # 临时
vim /etc/fstab # 永久,把swap相关的配置注释掉
设置主机名:
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
在master添加hosts:
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.9.102 k8s-master
192.168.9.103 k8s-node1
192.168.9.119 k8s-node2
EOF
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链:
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
时间同步:
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
4. 安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet【所有节点】
Kubernetes默认CRI(容器运行时)为Docker,因此先安装Docker。
4.1 安装Docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
配置镜像下载加速器:
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl restart docker
docker info
4.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源
$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
4.3 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
由于版本更新频繁,这里指定版本号部署:
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet
5. 部署Kubernetes 【Master节点】
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/#config-file
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/#initializing-your-control-plane-node
在192.168.9.102(Master)执行。
$ kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.9.102 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.0 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
- --apiserver-advertise-address 集群通告地址
- --image-repository 由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问,这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
- --kubernetes-version K8s版本,与上面安装的一致
- --service-cidr 集群内部虚拟网络,Pod统一访问入口
- --pod-network-cidr Pod网络,与下面部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致
或者使用配置文件引导:
$ vi kubeadm.conf
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
networking:
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm.conf --ignore-preflight-errors=all
拷贝kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件到默认路径:
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@k8s-master ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady control-plane,master 3m29s v1.20.0
kubeadm init做了哪些工作?
- [preflight]环境检查和拉取镜像(kubeadm config images pull)
- [certs]创建证书目录/etc/kubernetes/pki,生成证书
- [kubeconfig]创建连接apiserver的配置文件目录/etc/kubernetes
- [kubelet-start]生成kubelet配置文件和启动
- [control-plane]使用静态pod启动master组件 /etc/kubernetes/mainfests
- [upload-config] [upload-certs] [kubelet]使用ConfigMap存储kubelet配置
- [mark-control-plane] 给master节点添加标签
- [bootstrap-token] kubelet自动申请证书机制
- [addons]安装插件CoreDNS和kube-proxy
6. 加入Kubernetes 【Node节点】
master创建成功后,最后面会输出以下内容:
kubeadm join 192.168.9.102:6443 --token auqu8v.0byftg2ey60hcbfb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:60262e9c944ae3f2420b221603b6b1fde91cdc8475de13120c47eb9cfa4a0d9c
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
在node1和node2节点上执行master输出的内容:
kubeadm join 192.168.9.102:6443 --token auqu8v.0byftg2ey60hcbfb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:60262e9c944ae3f2420b221603b6b1fde91cdc8475de13120c47eb9cfa4a0d9c
在master节点查看:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady control-plane,master 78m v1.20.0
k8s-node1 NotReady <none> 44s v1.20.0
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 41s v1.20.0
发现已经加入成功。
默认token有效期为24小时,当过期之后,该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token,可以直接使用命令快捷生成:
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
7. 部署容器网络(CNI)
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/#pod-network
注意:只需要部署下面其中一个,推荐Calico。
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案,Calico支持广泛的平台,包括Kubernetes、OpenStack等。
Calico 在每一个计算节点利用 Linux Kernel 实现了一个高效的虚拟路由器( vRouter) 来负责数据转发,而每个 vRouter 通过 BGP 协议负责把自己上运行的 workload 的路由信息向整个 Calico 网络内传播。
此外,Calico 项目还实现了 Kubernetes 网络策略,提供ACL功能。
https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart
下载完后还需要修改里面定义Pod网络(CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR),与前面kubeadm init指定的一样
修改完后应用清单(只需在master节点部署即可):
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# vi calico.yaml ---把下面的注释去掉,IP改成上面安装时pod-network-cidr的IP,注意格式,要对齐
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "10.244.0.0/16"
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system ---可以看到在初始化中
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-69496d8b75-9jdwp 0/1 Pending 0 5s
calico-node-djjcb 0/1 Init:0/3 0 6s
calico-node-dt7wh 0/1 Init:0/3 0 6s
calico-node-vms8n 0/1 Init:0/3 0 6s
coredns-7f89b7bc75-56tcr 0/1 Pending 0 4h14m
coredns-7f89b7bc75-hj7m6 0/1 Pending 0 4h14m
etcd-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 4h14m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 4h14m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 4h14m
kube-proxy-2955d 1/1 Running 0 177m
kube-proxy-pl86m 1/1 Running 0 4h14m
kube-proxy-tzwvc 1/1 Running 0 177m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 4h14m
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get nodes ---等初始化完后可以看到都已经准备好了
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready control-plane,master 5h10m v1.20.0
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 3h52m v1.20.0
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 3h52m v1.20.0
8. 测试kubernetes集群
- 验证Pod工作
- 验证Pod网络通信
- 验证DNS解析
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod,验证是否正常运行:
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc
访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port
9. 部署 Dashboard
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml -O kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# vi kubernertes-dashboard.yaml
...
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
...
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f kubernertes-dashboard.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b59f7d4df-9cl5f 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7s
kubernetes-dashboard-5dbf55bd9d-b5x54 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7s
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b59f7d4df-9cl5f 1/1 Running 0 2m9s
kubernetes-dashboard-5dbf55bd9d-b5x54 1/1 Running 0 2m9s
访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色:
创建用户:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
用户授权:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
获取用户Token:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
Name: dashboard-admin-token-r6k5d
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 20c113e3-2cdc-4d10-939e-47c56f41ff16
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1066 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IktWeDJ1NXQ0SnZtZ09YeW56YnVxNy0wanpNZFc2VDFlQ1NBZEUwNmM4V0kifQ.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.YXnU-yEQ3GKY4MSSOFulFsq4FZhhwFU8dlH-3zfXL-gejp1U_80yR7lNkKIbj28fhymePVe00b2nBHxVSbavLwIyRjzNoDv54fZx0oDxJdHk7mr8HgK0APGe0oaZFYxIAZc28-IE0ZV2P27s1fiouSspZ6be4lXVMmjAJGRmoOn0Ou_vuMjHpl66K7oubEthRZsw_cfRRbUW5D94z-rgPCnQ3fRUO14MCiQA0dA9JqGJceR9zsQv3d-3QldIPxijIbIl5jCSBwsR8GSk7XiO4zOh3jIZoCtMTifWePneWv_qsOSge3kkVs0i54-0M70ptI7Pc50NNXsxxZwn6hcnHg
使用输出的token登录Dashboard。