ReactChildren

React.Children 提供了用于处理 this.props.children 不透明数据结构的实用方法。

React.Children.map

React.Children.map(children, function[(thisArg)])

在 children 里的每个直接子节点上调用一个函数，并将 this 设置为 thisArg。如果 children 是一个数组，它将被遍历并为数组中的每个子节点调用该函数。如果子节点为 null 或是 undefined，则此方法将返回 null 或是 undefined，而不会返回数组。

注意

如果 children 是一个 Fragment 对象，它将被视为单一子节点的情况处理，而不会被遍历。

React.Children.forEach

React.Children.forEach(children, function[(thisArg)])

与 React.Children.map() 类似，但它不会返回一个数组。

React.Children.count

React.Children.count(children)

返回 children 中的组件总数量，等同于通过 map 或 forEach 调用回调函数的次数。

React.Children.only

React.Children.only(children)

验证 children 是否只有一个子节点（一个 React 元素），如果有则返回它，否则此方法会抛出错误。

注意：

React.Children.only() 不接受 React.Children.map() 的返回值，因为它是一个数组而并不是 React 元素。

React.Children.toArray

React.Children.toArray(children)

将 children 这个复杂的数据结构以数组的方式扁平展开并返回，并为每个子节点分配一个 key。当你想要在渲染函数中操作子节点的集合时，它会非常实用，特别是当你想要在向下传递 this.props.children 之前对内容重新排序或获取子集时。

注意：

React.Children.toArray() 在拉平展开子节点列表时，更改 key 值以保留嵌套数组的语义。也就是说，toArray 会为返回数组中的每个 key 添加前缀，以使得每个元素 key 的范围都限定在此函数入参数组的对象内。

源码解析

some utils:

const SEPARATOR = '.';
const SUBSEPARATOR = ':';

/**
 * Escape and wrap key so it is safe to use as a reactid
 *
 * @param {string} key to be escaped.
 * @return {string} the escaped key.
 */
function escape(key) {
  const escapeRegex = /[=:]/g;
  const escaperLookup = {
    '=': '=0',
    ':': '=2',
  };
  const escapedString = ('' + key).replace(escapeRegex, function(match) {
    return escaperLookup[match];
  });

  return '$' + escapedString;
}

/**
 * TODO: Test that a single child and an array with one item have the same key
 * pattern.
 */

let didWarnAboutMaps = false;

const userProvidedKeyEscapeRegex = /\/+/g;
function escapeUserProvidedKey(text) {
  return ('' + text).replace(userProvidedKeyEscapeRegex, '$&/');
}

const POOL_SIZE = 10;
const traverseContextPool = [];
function getPooledTraverseContext(
  mapResult,
  keyPrefix,
  mapFunction,
  mapContext,
) {
  if (traverseContextPool.length) {
    const traverseContext = traverseContextPool.pop();
    traverseContext.result = mapResult;
    traverseContext.keyPrefix = keyPrefix;
    traverseContext.func = mapFunction;
    traverseContext.context = mapContext;
    traverseContext.count = 0;
    return traverseContext;
  } else {
    return {
      result: mapResult,
      keyPrefix: keyPrefix,
      func: mapFunction,
      context: mapContext,
      count: 0,
    };
  }
}

function releaseTraverseContext(traverseContext) {
  traverseContext.result = null;
  traverseContext.keyPrefix = null;
  traverseContext.func = null;
  traverseContext.context = null;
  traverseContext.count = 0;
  if (traverseContextPool.length < POOL_SIZE) {
    traverseContextPool.push(traverseContext);
  }
}

• SEPARATOR:react key 的分隔符
• SUBSEPARATOR: react sub-children key 的分隔符
• escape和escapeUserProvidedKey: 转译key
• getPooledTraverseContext: 如果traverseContextPool中有元素，就从traverseContextPool中拿出一个元素，这样做的好处是可以减少内存的占用。
  否则就创建一个新的元素，来存储context的信息：result,keyPrefix,func,context,count;
• releaseTraverseContext:释放并初始化某个context，如果traverseContextPool的大小<10的话，这个context会被push进去。

关键API和函数：

traverseAllChildrenImpl()

/**
 * @param {?*} children Children tree container.
 * @param {!string} nameSoFar Name of the key path so far.
 * @param {!function} callback Callback to invoke with each child found.
 * @param {?*} traverseContext Used to pass information throughout the traversal
 * process.
 * @return {!number} The number of children in this subtree.
 */
function traverseAllChildrenImpl(
  children,
  nameSoFar,
  callback,
  traverseContext,
) {
  const type = typeof children;

  if (type === 'undefined' || type === 'boolean') {
    // All of the above are perceived as null.
    children = null;
  }

  let invokeCallback = false;

  if (children === null) {
    invokeCallback = true;
  } else {
    switch (type) {
      case 'string':
      case 'number':
        invokeCallback = true;
        break;
      case 'object':
        switch (children.$$typeof) {
          case REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE:
          case REACT_PORTAL_TYPE:
            invokeCallback = true;
        }
    }
  }

  if (invokeCallback) {
    callback(
      traverseContext,
      children,
      // If it's the only child, treat the name as if it was wrapped in an array
      // so that it's consistent if the number of children grows.
      nameSoFar === '' ? SEPARATOR + getComponentKey(children, 0) : nameSoFar,
    );
    return 1;
  }

  let child;
  let nextName;
  let subtreeCount = 0; // Count of children found in the current subtree.
  const nextNamePrefix =
    nameSoFar === '' ? SEPARATOR : nameSoFar + SUBSEPARATOR;

  if (Array.isArray(children)) {
    for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
      child = children[i];
      nextName = nextNamePrefix + getComponentKey(child, i);
      subtreeCount += traverseAllChildrenImpl(
        child,
        nextName,
        callback,
        traverseContext,
      );
    }
  } else {
    const iteratorFn = getIteratorFn(children);
    if (typeof iteratorFn === 'function') {
      if (__DEV__) {
        // Warn about using Maps as children
        if (iteratorFn === children.entries) {
          warning(
            didWarnAboutMaps,
            'Using Maps as children is unsupported and will likely yield ' +
              'unexpected results. Convert it to a sequence/iterable of keyed ' +
              'ReactElements instead.',
          );
          didWarnAboutMaps = true;
        }
      }

      const iterator = iteratorFn.call(children);
      let step;
      let ii = 0;
      while (!(step = iterator.next()).done) {
        child = step.value;
        nextName = nextNamePrefix + getComponentKey(child, ii++);
        subtreeCount += traverseAllChildrenImpl(
          child,
          nextName,
          callback,
          traverseContext,
        );
      }
    } else if (type === 'object') {
      let addendum = '';
      if (__DEV__) {
        addendum =
          ' If you meant to render a collection of children, use an array ' +
          'instead.' +
          ReactDebugCurrentFrame.getStackAddendum();
      }
      const childrenString = '' + children;
      invariant(
        false,
        'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: %s).%s',
        childrenString === '[object Object]'
          ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(children).join(', ') + '}'
          : childrenString,
        addendum,
      );
    }
  }

  return subtreeCount;
}

在traverseAllChildrenImpl函数中，首先对children的类型做了判断。

• 如果不是数组、map、普通对象类型，就直接执行传入的callback函数，并返回1。其中callback函数执行的时候传入的key是通过getComponentKey并转译得到的。
• 如果children是数组对象，就递归调用自己，且在递归调用中，分隔符变成了SUBSEPARATOR;
• 如果是Map对象，React会抛出警告日志，因为Map对象的迭代器是不保证顺序的。
• 如果是普通的Object对象，就会抛出错误，并不会执行下去。

forEach

/**
 * Traverses children that are typically specified as `props.children`, but
 * might also be specified through attributes:
 *
 * - `traverseAllChildren(this.props.children, ...)`
 * - `traverseAllChildren(this.props.leftPanelChildren, ...)`
 *
 * The `traverseContext` is an optional argument that is passed through the
 * entire traversal. It can be used to store accumulations or anything else that
 * the callback might find relevant.
 *
 * @param {?*} children Children tree object.
 * @param {!function} callback To invoke upon traversing each child.
 * @param {?*} traverseContext Context for traversal.
 * @return {!number} The number of children in this subtree.
 */
function traverseAllChildren(children, callback, traverseContext) {
  if (children == null) {
    return 0;
  }

  return traverseAllChildrenImpl(children, '', callback, traverseContext);
}

function forEachSingleChild(bookKeeping, child, name) {
  const {func, context} = bookKeeping;
  func.call(context, child, bookKeeping.count++);
}

/**
 * Iterates through children that are typically specified as `props.children`.
 *
 * See https://reactjs.org/docs/react-api.html#reactchildrenforeach
 *
 * The provided forEachFunc(child, index) will be called for each
 * leaf child.
 *
 * @param {?*} children Children tree container.
 * @param {function(*, int)} forEachFunc
 * @param {*} forEachContext Context for forEachContext.
 */
function forEachChildren(children, forEachFunc, forEachContext) {
  if (children == null) {
    return children;
  }
  const traverseContext = getPooledTraverseContext(
    null,
    null,
    forEachFunc,
    forEachContext,
  );
  traverseAllChildren(children, forEachSingleChild, traverseContext);
  releaseTraverseContext(traverseContext);
}

forEachChildren即是forEachAPI，在这个函数中，会拿到一个初始化后的context，并在这个context中绑定开发者自定义的forEachFunc和forEachContext，之后会执行traverseAllChildren，traverseAllChildren执行完毕后，会释放context。

map

function mapSingleChildIntoContext(bookKeeping, child, childKey) {
  const {result, keyPrefix, func, context} = bookKeeping;

  let mappedChild = func.call(context, child, bookKeeping.count++);
  if (Array.isArray(mappedChild)) {
    mapIntoWithKeyPrefixInternal(mappedChild, result, childKey, c => c);
  } else if (mappedChild != null) {
    if (isValidElement(mappedChild)) {
      mappedChild = cloneAndReplaceKey(
        mappedChild,
        // Keep both the (mapped) and old keys if they differ, just as
        // traverseAllChildren used to do for objects as children
        keyPrefix +
          (mappedChild.key && (!child || child.key !== mappedChild.key)
            ? escapeUserProvidedKey(mappedChild.key) + '/'
            : '') +
          childKey,
      );
    }
    result.push(mappedChild);
  }
}

function mapIntoWithKeyPrefixInternal(children, array, prefix, func, context) {
  let escapedPrefix = '';
  if (prefix != null) {
    escapedPrefix = escapeUserProvidedKey(prefix) + '/';
  }
  const traverseContext = getPooledTraverseContext(
    array,
    escapedPrefix,
    func,
    context,
  );
  traverseAllChildren(children, mapSingleChildIntoContext, traverseContext);
  releaseTraverseContext(traverseContext);
}

/**
 * Maps children that are typically specified as `props.children`.
 *
 * See https://reactjs.org/docs/react-api.html#reactchildrenmap
 *
 * The provided mapFunction(child, key, index) will be called for each
 * leaf child.
 *
 * @param {?*} children Children tree container.
 * @param {function(*, int)} func The map function.
 * @param {*} context Context for mapFunction.
 * @return {object} Object containing the ordered map of results.
 */
function mapChildren(children, func, context) {
  if (children == null) {
    return children;
  }
  const result = [];
  mapIntoWithKeyPrefixInternal(children, result, null, func, context);
  return result;
}

mapChildren即是mapAPI，它会调用mapIntoWithKeyPrefixInternal，并把返回的结果存入result并返回。与forEach不同的是，mapChildren会为每一个component创建一个新的key。