loophole=an ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or set of rules.漏洞，可数
Joe has made millions out of a loophole in wording in a piece of law.
murky= not fully explained or understood，especially with concealed dishonesty or immorality.不清晰明了的；even as可以理解成“即使当…的时候”
The murky language, such as the transition away from fossil fuels, in the landmark agreement reached at the COP 28 conference left some people skeptical even as many praise the historic deal.
institute除了可以作名词表示“机构（可数）”，还可以作vt表示“开始实行”= set in motion or establish something, especially a program, system, or inquiry（除了可以表示“询问”，还可以表示“调查”，都可数），相当于carry out
Parties concerned can use those loopholes in the deal to avoid instituting major changes.
可以直接用年（时间）作主语，跟see 同时使用（因为see 后面可以跟动词原型，逻辑没问题且很方便），表示在一年（时间段）内发生的事
This year has seen many couples take their marriage photographs on the beach.
exposed本意是被暴露的意思，可以引申为脆弱的，相当于vulnerable；be exposed to…= be vulnerable to…易受…伤害；同样，exposure to=vulnerability to
Professions requiring reasoning and language ability seem to be more exposed to AI than others.
inductive reasoning= a type of reasoning that involves drawing a general conclusion from a set of specific observations.归纳推理；deductive reasoning= a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions.演绎推理
trunk strength= the strength of muscles, particularly the abdominal（腹部的，第一个音节读ae）muscles，in relation to their ability to move the trunk（躯干，可数）repeatedly or to support the trunk for a period of time.（腹部的）核心力量
to skew A towards（in favor of）B，使A倾向于B，（skew大致可以理解成manipulate或者change）
Some questions in the questionnaire are displayed in a specific way to skew the survey towards a specific candidate.
As opposed to和compared with（to）可以平替，只不过前者更强调“对照”
Joe drinks more juice every day as opposed to water.
on the fly，idiom= if you do sth on the fly, you do it quickly，often while you are doing sth else，without preparing and without thinking too much about how it should be done.
After your speech， you need to answer on the fly some questions asked by the judges.
millennia千年的复数，单数为millenium
The civilized history of humanity only spans（vt）several millennia, which is a transient period as opposed to the life of our planet.
combine可以作vi
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere combines with water and vapor and they will naturally react （可作“起化学反应”讲，vi）to form carbonic acid.
carbonic acid碳酸，不可数（carbonic的重音在bo上）= a very weak acid formed in solution(溶液，可不可数都可）when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
brew= a cup or mug of tea or coffee，一杯咖啡或茶，可数
He adds more coffee powder， trying to make a potent brew.
tax assessor= someone whose job is to calculate the tax that a person or business has to pay.估税员，可数
Browse除了有“浏览”的意思，还有“（在商店）随便看看”的意思，vi= survey goods for sale in a leisurely and casual way.
Many shoppers are browsing in this cozy souvenir shop.
