一. 感想
如何避免写作时的杂乱无章而做到言简意赅呢?Zinsser举了不少“不说人话”的例子,比如当我们要表达"It is raining."时,就完全没有必要说成"At the present time we are experiencing precipitation." 这么个写法,不但自己累,读者也会一头雾水,甚至在心里“诅咒”你。
这一点我深有体会。今年我翻译(绝大多数是英译中的笔译)了不少音频技术方面的文章,有的时候轻松愉快,有的时候抓耳挠腮。遇到后者时,我费劲九牛二虎之力搞清楚某个长达N行的句子的本质含义后,就特别想冲到作者面前问问他,为啥非要这么绕着说话。
其实有很长一段时间,这类绕来绕去的技术文章都极其摧毁我的信心,让我觉得自己的英语实在太渣。虽说事实如此,可偏偏就是有些文章,语言简单明快,让我读起来心花怒放。我想,这就是差距吧,既是写作者水平的差别,也是写作理念的不同。
所以,我格外喜欢Zinsser的这个观点:Beware, then, of the long word that's no better than the short word. 有的人看不上小词,其实小词用的恰到好处绝对是需要很深的功底的。
If you give me an eight-page article and I tell you to cut it to four pages, you'll howl and say it can't be done. Then you'll go home and do it, and it will be much better. After that comes the hard part: cutting it to three.
看到这个说法,我想可能有不少人跟我一样,即使去改自己的文章,也舍不得去如此大刀阔斧地砍伐。费尽心思写出来的文字,大篇幅地删减太心疼了。可实际上,不破不立。如果相应的段落写得不好,没有写成自己设想样子,顺着这个思路继续下去,只会越走越远。只有及时从偏离的轨道上毫不留恋地撤回,才能尽早步入正轨。
当然,形成自己的风格很有必要。内容是基础,风格是灵魂。就像咱们的读书笔记,大家读了同样的内容,想法和感悟却不尽相同,再经过自己的沉淀写出来,便呈现了众彩纷呈的样子。而且,正如文中所说,要放松且自信,相信自己有独特的优势,取长补短亦或扬长避短。
Zinsser还提到 "You are so busy thinking of your awesome responsibility to the finished article that you can't even start...if you weren't trying so hard to make an impression, you plunge in." 这让我秒想到自己的毛病——常常过分地追求完美。如果做不出“完美”的,干脆就不要做了。可实际上,不做,便永远也不可能做得“完美”。不要给自己太大压力,适当地降低期望值,专注于事情本身而不是别人的评价。承认自己的不足,放下该死的面子。坚持每天做一点小事儿,并及时地总结。只要比前一天好一点儿,就是进步嘛。
p.s. 今天给自己点个赞!重感冒也几乎没有给工作和学习打折扣。很庆幸自己没有偷懒,还收获了惊喜。其实一旦专注于所做的事情,就没有那么难受了,蛮好蛮好~
二. 字词
1. eliminate
(1) 原文:It’s typical of hundreds of words that can be eliminated.
(2) 字典解释:to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted = prune
(3) 造句:You should eliminate these superfluous words in your article.
2. euphemism
(1) 原文:Clutter is the ponderous euphemism that turns a slum into a depressed socioeconomic area, garbage collectors into waste-disposal personnel and the town dump into the volume reduction unit.
(2) 解释:委婉说法
(3) 造句:"Early retirement" is a euphemism for "redundancy".
3. cross out
(1) 原文:My reason for bracketing the students’ superfluous words, instead of crossing them out, was to avoid violating their sacred prose.
(2) 解释:划掉、删掉
(3) 造句:If you cross out words in an article, you wanna change them.
4. cop-out
(1) 原文:"I" can be a self-indulgence and a cop-out.
(2) 字典解释:something you do or say in order to avoid doing or accepting something
(3) 造句:Lying is just a cop-out.