EOS Dawn 4.0 发布了。。。一段时间了，因为项目忙的原因，4.0一直没有细细研究，不过，稍微看了一下，感觉系统复杂了好多；比如RAM购买问题，创建账户也需要购买RAM，所有之前的net、cpu操作都实装了，mongodb插件暂不支持，貌似要用sqlite了？大部分基础操作都是eosio.system来实现等等。稍微说说吧；
先说下，RAM问题
开发智能合约知道，智能合约的数据都是存储在内存当中，比如eth，我们讨论的时候，总在担心，等着合约不断壮大，eth节点的内存肯定要爆吧。所以，EOS给了一个解决方案：买！
至于EOS内存的详细信息，见文章 【IMEOS 解读】EOS DAWN 4.0 的 RAM 究竟是什么;
开始启动--准备工作
- 下载最新的EOS源码，或是docker、或者直接nodeos就不说了；
主要说下注意事项：
-
account_history_api_plugin插件修改为history_api_plugin； -
mongo_db_plugin插件暂不支持，请关闭； -
db_size_api_plugin应该是关于数据库方面的rpc接口，后续研究；
然后正常启动就行：
./nodeos --config-dir=./data-dir --resync
用cleos看看信息：
$ cleos get info
{
"server_version": "e4980b1e",
"head_block_num": 10,
"last_irreversible_block_num": 9,
"last_irreversible_block_id": "00000009fefac3ab442288d54ee1e6275aeb21f405ac69cfa8ab72602d7fda42",
"head_block_id": "0000000a0b28b457d18df5d56fa37b81d390003167ee3b236e3cd8ae104fdfd0",
"head_block_time": "2018-05-18T03:15:47",
"head_block_producer": "eosio",
"virtual_block_cpu_limit": 105700244,
"virtual_block_net_limit": 1058054,
"block_cpu_limit": 104857500,
"block_net_limit": 1048576
}
- 不用像3.0一样，需要自己部署
eosio.bios，eosio本身已经部署bios合约。
我们最先要部署的是eosio.token，因为之后所有操作，都要有RAM，要有RAM先要用EOS买，所以，我们最先要部署token；
(PS:创建钱包的操作和之前一样，不在赘述；)
// 创建eosio.token账户
$ cleos create account eosio eosio.token EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx
executed transaction: cc2dc7bd267d2aa5644f7742a2c2b88f3316b2559b2361b76983c1c41f0966eb 288 bytes 771 us
# eosio <= eosio::newaccount {"creator":"eosio","name":"eosio.token","owner":{"threshold":1,"keys":[{"key":"EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoy...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
//部署token合约
$ cleos set contract eosio.token eosio.token -p eosio.token
Reading WAST/WASM from eosio.token/eosio.token.wasm...
Using already assembled WASM...
Publishing contract...
executed transaction: 204d24a3c552b93c5bb9f7b4dcd1b6a654b36d43d3451f8b628d52efdee0c3f0 8112 bytes 1412 us
# eosio <= eosio::setcode {"account":"eosio.token","vmtype":0,"vmversion":0,"code":"0061736d01000000017f1560037f7e7f0060057f7e...
# eosio <= eosio::setabi {"account":"eosio.token","abi":{"types":[],"structs":[{"name":"transfer","base":"","fields":[{"name"...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
部署好eosio.token合约之后，创建EOS币，并发行给eosio账户：
//创建EOS
$ cleos push action eosio.token create '["eosio","1000000000.0000 EOS",0,0,0]' -p eosio.token
executed transaction: 1098b558beaa54427a070356f5495e5503f1f7ac71ca944272bf147a1c7fd22a 208 bytes 1088 us
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::create {"issuer":"eosio","maximum_supply":"1000000000.0000 EOS"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
//发行EOS
$ cleos push action eosio.token issue '["eosio","1000000000.0000 EOS","issue"]' -p eosio
executed transaction: e2c5c12f9db8fa07f801f5cea406df973bff0f8c6c00d148269a67050a027557 216 bytes 1589 us
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::issue {"to":"eosio","quantity":"1000000000.0000 EOS","memo":"issue"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
部署系统合约
Dawn 4.0主要就是完善了系统合约eosio.system，并且系统合约的相关操作，也都添加到了cleos工具中 (并没有添加RPC接口，反正都是action)；
部署系统合约：
cleos set contract eosio eosio.system -p eosio -x 1000
执行的时候，不设置-x属性的话，假如部署的机器不是太好的话，可能会执行失败，比如下面的错误；
Reading WAST/WASM from eosio.system/eosio.system.wasm...
Using already assembled WASM...
Publishing contract...
Error 3080006: transaction took too long
Error Details:
deadline exceeded
已经部署成功，咱们来看看system合约的主要功能，该列表是cleos system命令下的，当然也可以看eosio.system.abi，略有不同：
newaccount 创建新账户、同时购买RAM、抵押获取带宽
regproducer 注册新的生产者
unregprod 注销一个生产者
voteproducer 为生产者投票
listproducers 列举生产者
delegatebw 抵押EOS获取net和cpu
undelegatebw 解押EOS
buyram 购买内存
sellram 售卖内存
claimrewards 索要生产者奖励？
regproxy 注册一个代理账户 (用于投票)
unregproxy 注销代理账户 (用于投票)
canceldelay 取消一个延迟的交易
今天我只讲述其中几个功能；
1. newaccount
其实，咱们已经有create account，为啥还要在system添加这个功能呢？首先，在我们部署eosio.token和eosio.system之前，我们是能用cleos create account注册一个账户，注册之后有啥呢：
privileged: false
permissions:
owner 1: 1 EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx
active 1: 1 EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx
memory:
quota: -1 bytes used: 187.5 Kb
net bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
used: -1 bytes
available: -1 bytes
limit: -1 bytes
cpu bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
used: -1 us
available: -1 us
limit: -1 us
我们可以看到，什么都没有，其实也就是啥也干不了。并且，在我们部署完之后两个合约，我们就不能用create account注册账户了。因为会提示如下错误：
Error 3080001: account using more than allotted RAM usage
Error Details:
account test22 has insufficient ram bytes; needs 2996 has 0
所以，让我们用system newaccount来创建账户：
//设置参数：--stake-net 配置带宽， --stake-cpu 配置cpu，--buy-ram-EOS 用EOS作为单位购买RAM
$ cleos system newaccount eosio tester EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN --stake-net '10.0000 EOS' --stake-cpu '10.0000 EOS' --buy-ram-EOS '10.0000 EOS'
2267308ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"0000000000ea3055000000005c95b1caa08601000000000004454f5300000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"buyram","args":{"payer":"eosio","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}}
2267310ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"0000000000ea3055000000005c95b1caa08601000000000004454f5300000000a08601000000000004454f530000000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"delegatebw","args":{"from":"eosio","receiver":"tester","stake_net_quantity":"10.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"10.0000 EOS","transfer":false}}
executed transaction: b9bec89227b541c90d050fca858c89947f7deeb2b2ad355d3af20a2e66e56a16 432 bytes 4880 us
# eosio <= eosio::newaccount {"creator":"eosio","name":"tester","owner":{"threshold":1,"keys":[{"key":"EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubH...
# eosio <= eosio::buyram {"payer":"eosio","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}
# eosio <= eosio::delegatebw {"from":"eosio","receiver":"tester","stake_net_quantity":"10.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"10.0000...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
查看下，我们的账户tester的信息吧：
privileged: false
permissions:
owner 1: 1 EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN
active 1: 1 EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN
memory:
quota: 671.1 Kb used: 2.926 Kb
net bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
staked: 0.0000 EOS (total stake delegated from account to self)
delegated: 10.0000 EOS (total staked delegated to account from others)
used: 0 bytes
available: 82.4 Tb
limit: 82.4 Tb
cpu bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
staked: 0.0000 EOS (total stake delegated from account to self)
delegated: 10.0000 EOS (total staked delegated to account from others)
used: 0 us
available: 2.517e+06 hr
limit: 2.517e+06 hr
默认创建的账户，只有8 KiB (这个单位不用我解释吧)，但是，我们购买了10EOS的ram，所以memory现在是671.1KiB；
当然，这会有很多疑问在这：是不是创建账户，必须要有EOS？都要购买RAM等等，具体实际的测试结果，不在这贴了，总结如下：
- 除了
eosio账户，用其他账户创建的账户名长度必须为12（和BM在发布4.0时，说的一致）； - 创建账户的时候，用于购买新用户的带宽、CPU和ram的钱，都是创建者来出；
- 从目前测试链上，创建一个新账户，至少需要0.0449EOS，即：
- 0.0001 EOS 的 net bandwidth ------ 432 Mb；
- 0.0001 EOS 的 cpu bandwidth ------- 12.58 hr；
- 0.00447 EOS 的 RAM -------- 3 KiB； 创建账户之后，即立刻占用 2.926 KiB
至于，在eosio创建账户的时候不限制长度，是因为eosio是合约账户，还是因为是生产者节点，需要看看合约源码再说；
4. RAM
买卖RAM，这个实际操作比较简单，即两个操作buyram，sellram；
购买ram：
$ cleos system buyram tester tester '10.0000 EOS'
1836455ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca000000005c95b1caa08601000000000004454f5300000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"buyram","args":{"payer":"tester","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}}
executed transaction: b53976b770d746c02280e3c17966070c210bf267c11f9f47fb47dae709f0248a 216 bytes 4348 us
# eosio <= eosio::buyram {"payer":"tester","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester","to":"eosio","quantity":"10.0000 EOS","memo":"buy ram"}
# tester <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester","to":"eosio","quantity":"10.0000 EOS","memo":"buy ram"}
# eosio <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester","to":"eosio","quantity":"10.0000 EOS","memo":"buy ram"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
然后通过get account 就能看到已经购买到的ram；
售卖ram：
//售卖的单位是 B，下面是卖了1KiB的ram
$ cleos system sellram tester 1024
2290501ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca0004000000000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"sellram","args":{"account":"tester","bytes":1024}}
executed transaction: 323929d8c6dcb690212625ab8b36f79b2a530ff8f4e7d541c5de2818351efba3 200 bytes 1621 us
# eosio <= eosio::sellram {"account":"tester","bytes":1024}
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"eosio","to":"tester","quantity":"0.0149 EOS","memo":"sell ram"}
# eosio <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"eosio","to":"tester","quantity":"0.0149 EOS","memo":"sell ram"}
# tester <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"eosio","to":"tester","quantity":"0.0149 EOS","memo":"sell ram"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
在自己的测试网中可以看到，暂时的ram价格是 1KiB = 0.0149 EOS
3. producer & delegatebw
用于注册为生产者，任何账户都可注册：
$ cleos system regproducer tester EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK
1132753ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"0000000038b5a66900039e5d8be071e86b1b5968911703c6f4cf3819bec41dd8da6551b8682bf01ef71c000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"regproducer","args":{"producer":"tester","producer_key":"EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK","url":"","location":0}}
executed transaction: ba4b8216247d4b954677cd3b991078202d9b6872d0b86940bfaae5e58f01a4bf 232 bytes 997 us
# eosio <= eosio::regproducer {"producer":"tester","producer_key":"EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK","url":""...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
注册之后，可以通过listproducers查看：
$ cleos system listproducers
Producer Producer key Url Total votes
tester EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK 0.00000000000000000
之后，用户就可以为生产者进行投票了，在讲解投票之前呢，需要先说明另一个方法，delegatebw；也就是抵押EOS以获取net和cpu；
$ cleos system delegatebw tester1 tester1 '100000000.0000 EOS' '50000000.0000 EOS'
1623538ms thread-0 main.cpp:999 operator() ] act_payload: {"from":"tester1","receiver":"tester1","stake_net_quantity":"100000000.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"50000000.0000 EOS","transfer":false}
1623540ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca000000005c95b1ca0010a5d4e800000004454f53000000000088526a7400000004454f530000000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"delegatebw","args":{"from":"tester1","receiver":"tester1","stake_net_quantity":"100000000.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"50000000.0000 EOS","transfer":false}}
executed transaction: 95e2d036175c2275385824bf4a26c83072cee1d24e9d96cfa0881bdcd0c8e1ae 232 bytes 2988 us
# eosio <= eosio::delegatebw {"from":"tester1","receiver":"tester1","stake_net_quantity":"100000000.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":...
>> last_vote_weight: 6.132311161639800e+26
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester1","to":"eosio","quantity":"150000000.0000 EOS","memo":"stake bandwidth"}
# tester <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester1","to":"eosio","quantity":"150000000.0000 EOS","memo":"stake bandwidth"}
# eosio <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester1","to":"eosio","quantity":"150000000.0000 EOS","memo":"stake bandwidth"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
我们可以看到，抵押的EOS都是直接转账给eosio，然后我们就能获取响应的net和cpu；
用户已经抵押了EOS，这时候在对生产者投票，才会有比较重要的的票数；
使用voteproducer进行投票：
$ cleos system voteproducer prods tester hanfei
1335693ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca0000000000000000010000000038b5a669"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"voteproducer","args":{"voter":"tester","proxy":"","producers":["hanfei"]}}
executed transaction: 164e74017ff8a027b1f00514dec8524a0bfb257201a335d4901b20e881f037b8 208 bytes 3464 us
# eosio <= eosio::voteproducer {"voter":"tester","proxy":"","producers":["hanfei"]}
>> last_vote_weight: 0.000000000000000e+00
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
先这么多，之后在继续；
还有很多问题待解决，比如：
- 投票的权重；
- 注册生产者到多少票，才能够场成为实际的BP；
- 投票给生产者的账户，如何获取收益等等；
