part 4 品牌定位
what's a brand?
Formally… A proprietary trademark for a specific product or service
Conceptually… A “contract” from the company to its customers; A promise of
specific benefits, quality, and value. A relationship.
定位,将产品成为满足市场划分的物品。
“品牌不再是我们(公司,卖方)告知顾客是什么,而是顾客相互告知是什么。”
“不再是出售和告知,而是将一种关系模式付诸于我们做的任何事情。”
example
Apple Computers offers …. the best personal computing experience to students,
educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its
innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings.
Positioning Statement
◦ Target Segment (目标市场,受更多群体欢迎,但也有自己早已认定的目标市场): students, educators, creative professionals
◦ Point of Difference(差异点):innovative
◦ Frame of Reference(参照系):other personal computing experience
positioning
A positioning statement defines the value proposition of product to the target market.
◦ Target Market [For Whom]
◦ Point of Difference [Reason to Buy类异点]
◦ Points of Parity [Frame of reference类同点] 但其与品牌的联系并不是唯一的,与某品牌关联,但也与其他品牌共享
Positioning is implemented through all elements of the marketing mix: product,
price, promotion, place.(通过4p因素定位产品,使目标市场清晰明确)
Should focus on a few key benefits [unique selling proposition人们有时称之为独特的销售主张理论]定位应简单明了
Position must be defensible.(易守难攻,其他人难以取代复制)
Positioning requires making choices.(必须聚焦,而非取悦所有人,取悦所有人则没有特点)
the role of positioning
一旦,拥有了良好的品牌定位,然后就要确定要开发什么样的产品。定位是一个战略性的想法,因此应多方面考虑(目标细分市场,顾客想要什么,竞争对手是谁,在市场中所处的地位),ta有别于信息传递,信息传递是战术性的(什么颜色,什么logo,什么特色)
Steve jobs 更改苹果公司名称,2007年1月9号
point of difference
独特,有别于其他公司竞争对手,同时也要保持持久性
ta明确,独特,有利,与品牌的建设息息相关,需要使其优势被自己良好掌握,难以被其他公司竞争对手模仿复制
Are POD desirable to the customer?(消费者是否认可)
◦ Is POD Relevant (ex: consumers didn’t care about clear cola, or “unbreakable chips”)
是否与产品相关
◦ Is POD Distinctive? (distinctive and superior )是否与众不同
Can you deliver the POD to the customer?(将信息传递)
◦ Feasibility (affordable? Possible? E.g., can airlines deliver on-time arrival?)可行的,不做过多承诺的。
◦ Communicability (evidence to communicate?)传染性,传播
◦ Sustainability (internal commitment, difficult to attack; must be consistent at any point in time andover time)持久性