蓝牙通信

BLE中心模式流程-coding

BLE中心模式流程

1.建立中心角色
2.扫描外设(Discover Peripheral)
3.连接外设(Connect Peripheral)
4.扫描外设中的服务和特征(Discover Services And Characteristics)
- 4.1 获取外设的services
- 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取characteristics的值,,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
5.利用特征与外设做数据交互(Explore And Interact)
6.订阅Characteristic的通知
7.断开连接(Disconnect)

准备环境

1.Xcode7.0
2.手机
3.外设(手机+LightBlue)

实现步骤

1.导入CB头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface XMGBLEController () <CBCentralManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCentralManager *cMgr; /**< 中心管理设备 */
@end
@implementation XMGBLEController
#pragma mark - 懒加载
// 1.建立中心管理者
- (CBCentralManager *)cMgr
{
    if (!_cMgr) {
        NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        /*
         设置主设备的代理,CBCentralManagerDelegate
         必须实现的：
         - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变调用，在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备，只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
         其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的：
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设
         */
        _cMgr = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()]; // 线程不传默认是主线程
    }
    return _cMgr;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"BLE";
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    // 初始化
    [self cMgr];
    // 不能在此处扫描,因为状态还没变为打开
    //[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
}

2.扫描外设

扫描的方法防治cMgr成功打开的代理方法中
只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错

#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate
// 中心管理者状态改变, 在初始化CBCentralManager的时候会打开设备，只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    switch (central.state) {
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
            // 2.开始扫描周围的外设
            /*
             第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设，扫描到外设后会进入
             - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
             */
            [self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];

            break;
        default:
        break;
    }
}
// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
    // 接下来连接设备
}

3.连接外设

扫描手环,打印结果

Snip20150928_5.png
根据打印结果

// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);

    // 3.接下来可以连接设备
    //如果你没有设备，可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
    //这里自己去设置下连接规则，我设置的是二维码扫描到的运动手环的设备号
    // 判断设备号是否扫描到
    if ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@"OBand-75"]) {
        /*
         一个主设备最多能连7个外设，每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功，失败，断开会进入各自的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
         */
        // 保存外设,否则方法结束就销毁
        self.per = peripheral;
        [self.cMgr connectPeripheral:self.per options:nil];
    }else
    {
        // 此处Alert提示未扫描到设备,重新扫描
#warning noCode
        NSLog(@"没扫描到 >>>>>>>>  %s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    }
}
// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为（%@）的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
}
// 外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
// 断开连接(丢失连接)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}

4.扫描外设中的服务和特征

  设备链接成功后,就可以扫描设备的服务(services)了,同样是通过代理,扫描到结果后会触发某代理方法.
  注意:此时CBCentralManagerDelegate已经不能满足需求,需要新的CBPeripheralDelegate来搞定.
  该协议中包含了central与peripheral的许多回调方法
  (eg.:获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值,写数据,读RSSI,用通知的方式订阅数据等等).

4.1 获取外设的services
- 首先设置外设的代理,并搜寻services
- 然后在代理方法peripheral:didDiscoverServices:中遍历services

// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为（%@）的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
    //设置的peripheral代理CBPeripheralDelegate
    //@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
    [peripheral setDelegate:self];

    //扫描外设Services，成功后会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
    [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
    /*
     Discovers the specified services of the peripheral.
     An array of CBUUID objects that you are interested in. Here, each CBUUID object represents a UUID that identifies the type of service you want to discover.
     */
}

#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate
// 发现外设的service
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
    if (error)
    {
        NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }

    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
        NSLog(@"service.UUID = %@", service.UUID);
        //扫描每个service的Characteristics，扫描到后会进入方法： -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
        [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
    }
}

4.2 获取外设的characteris,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值

// 外设发现service的特征
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
    if (error)
    {
        NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
    {
        NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
    }

#warning noCodeFor 优化,分开写是为了让大家看注释清晰,并不符合编码规范
    //获取Characteristic的值，读到数据会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
        [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设读取特征的值
    }

    //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors，读到数据会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
        [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设发现特征的描述
    }
}

// 获取characteristic的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    //打印出characteristic的UUID和值
    //!注意，value的类型是NSData，具体开发时，会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.UUID:%@  value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID, characteristic.value);
}
// 获取Characteristics的 descriptor的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(nonnull CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
    //这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述，一般都是字符串，所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, descriptor.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, descriptor.UUID, descriptor.value);
}
// 发现特征Characteristics的描述Descriptor
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) {
        NSLog(@"descriptor.UUID:%@",descriptor.UUID);
    }
}

5.写数据到特征中

// 5.将数据写入特征(自定义方法,为了看的更清楚,没别的意思)
- (void)yf_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral writeData:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    /*
    typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
        CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                               = 0x01,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                    = 0x02,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                    = 0x04,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                   = 0x08,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                  = 0x10,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                                = 0x20,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                               = 0x40,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                      = 0x80,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)     = 0x100,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)   = 0x200
    };
     打印出特征的权限(characteristic.properties),可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS的枚举,可以是多个值
     常见的又read,write,noitfy,indicate.知道这几个基本够用了,前俩是读写权限,后俩都是通知,俩不同的通知方式
     */
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.properties:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.properties);

    // 只有特征的properties中有写的属性时候,才写
    if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
        // 这句才是正宗的核心代码
        [peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
    }
}

6.订阅特征的通知

// 设置通知
- (void)yf_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral setNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    // 设置通知, 数据会进入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
// 取消通知
- (void)yf_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral cancelNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}

7.断开连接

// 7.断开连接
- (void)yf_cMgr:(CBCentralManager *)cMgr stopScanAndDisConnectWithPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    // 停止扫描
    [cMgr stopScan];
    // 断开连接
    [cMgr cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}

8.项目中遇到的坑

写给外设数据格式问题
- 跟硬件工程师沟通，需要传输的数据类型，一般都是传byte字节数组，可能需要用到的方法

#pragma mark - MD5加密
-(NSString *)md5:(NSString *)inPutText
{
    const char *cStr = [inPutText UTF8String];
    unsigned char result[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    CC_MD5(cStr, strlen(cStr), result);
    
    return [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
             result[0], result[1], result[2], result[3],
             result[4], result[5], result[6], result[7],
             result[8], result[9], result[10], result[11],
             result[12], result[13], result[14], result[15]
             ] lowercaseString];
}

#pragma mark - 将NSString转换成十六进制的字符串则可使用如下方式:
- (NSString *)convertStringToHexStr:(NSString *)str {
    if (!str || [str length] == 0) {
        return @"";
    }
    NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    
    NSMutableString *string = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:[data length]];
    
    [data enumerateByteRangesUsingBlock:^(const void *bytes, NSRange byteRange, BOOL *stop) {
        unsigned char *dataBytes = (unsigned char*)bytes;
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < byteRange.length; i++) {
            NSString *hexStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%x", (dataBytes[i]) & 0xff];
            if ([hexStr length] == 2) {
                [string appendString:hexStr];
            } else {
                [string appendFormat:@"0%@", hexStr];
            }
        }
    }];
    
    return string;
}

#pragma mark - 将十六进制的字符串转换为需要的data，这就是你最终需要写入的数据:
+ (NSData *)dataWithHexString:(NSString *)hexstring
{
    NSMutableData* data = [NSMutableData data];
    int idx;
    for (idx = 0; idx+2 <= hexstring.length; idx+=2) {
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(idx, 2);
        NSString* hexStr = [hexstring substringWithRange:range];
        NSScanner* scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:hexStr];
        unsigned int intValue;
        [scanner scanHexInt:&intValue];
        [data appendBytes:&intValue length:1];
    }
    return data;
}

读取数据格式问题
- 读取的也是byte数组

#pragma mark - 更新特征的value的时候会调用 （凡是从蓝牙传过来的数据都要经过这个回调，简单的说这个方法就是你拿数据的唯一方法） 你可以判断是否
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
{
     NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@"***********");
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"error:%@",error.localizedDescription);
        return;
    }
    NSData * data = characteristic.value;
    Byte * resultByte = (Byte *)[data bytes];
    NSLog(@"rusultByte:%s",resultByte);
    for(int i=0;i<[data length];i++){
        printf("testByteFF02[%d] = %d\n",i,resultByte[i]);
        if (resultByte[i]==0) { // 授权成功
            
            self.count++;
            self.writeFinishFlag = YES;
            break;
            
           // [self.deviceManager writeValue:[@"Lock" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
        }else{
            self.writeFinishFlag = NO;
        }
    }
    if (self.count==1&& self.writeFinishFlag) { // // 授权成功
        NSLog(@"授权成功");
        if (self.lockCharacteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
         //   [self notifyCharacteristic:peripheral characteristic:characteristic];
           // NSData *data = [NSData dataWithHexString:@"Lock"];
          NSString *lock = [self convertStringToHexStr:@"Lock"];
            NSLog(@"lock:%@",lock);
           // NSData *data = [@"Lock" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
            NSData *data = [NSData dataWithHexString:lock];
            NSLog(@"lockData:%@",data);
            [self.deviceManager writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.lockCharacteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];// 激活锁
            if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) {
               // [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }
            
        }
    }
    if (self.count==2&& self.writeFinishFlag) {// 激活成功
       NSLog(@"激活成功");
        if (self.lockCharacteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
           // [self notifyCharacteristic:peripheral characteristic:characteristic];
            NSString *unLock = [self convertStringToHexStr:@"Unlock"];
            NSData *data = [NSData dataWithHexString:unLock];
            NSLog(@"unlockData;%@",data);
            [self.deviceManager writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.lockCharacteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];// 开锁
            if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) {
               // [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }
        }
    }
    if (self.count==3&& self.writeFinishFlag) {// 开锁成功
        NSLog(@"开锁成功");
        [self.bleManager cancelPeripheralConnection:self.deviceManager];// 断开链接
        [self.bleManager stopScan];
        self.bleManager = nil;
    }

}

//base64解密
    NSData *decodedData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:base64String options:0];
    NSString *decodedString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:decodedData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

设置通知只需要在发现服务特征值的方法中设置一次即可，另外设置了通知这个方法基本上不用[peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:cha];因为它会频繁调用- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error 会导致读取数据失败，总之根据工程师给的文档一步一步来！

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蓝牙通信

BLE中心模式流程-coding

BLE中心模式流程

准备环境

实现步骤

1.导入CB头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理

2.扫描外设

3.连接外设

4.扫描外设中的服务和特征

5.写数据到特征中

6.订阅特征的通知

7.断开连接

8.项目中遇到的坑

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