居里夫人1867年11月7日出生于波兰华沙市，当时波兰正在俄国统治之下。玛丽的父母都是教师，在她出生（她是他们的第五个孩子）后不久他们就失去了教师职位。为了糊口，他们包下了一些学生的伙食。

为此，年轻的玛丽也要协助做饭，每天要工作很长时间。然而她仍获得了中学生的优秀奖章。中学毕业后，她当了家庭教师。1891年她到巴黎进了巴黎大学，攻读物理学和数学，毕业时成绩名列全班第一。1894年她与法国物理学家皮埃尔·居里相识，第二年他们结了婚。

1898年法国物理学家贝可勒尔（Antoine

Henri Becquerel）发现含铀矿物能放射出一种神秘射线，但未能揭示出这种射线的奥秘。玛丽和她的丈夫彼埃尔·居里（Pierre curie）共同承担了研究这种射线的工作。

他们在极其困难的条件下，对沥青铀矿进行分离和分析，终于在1898年7月和12月先后发现两种新元素。居里夫人即玛丽居里（Marie Curie），是一位原籍为波兰的法国科学家。她与她的丈夫皮埃尔居里(Pierre

Curie)都是放射性的早期研究者，他们发现了放射性元素钋(Po)和镭(Ra)，并因此与法国物理学家亨利。

贝克勒尔(Henry Becquerel)分享了1903年诺贝尔物理学奖。之后，居里夫人继续研究了镭在在化学和医学上的应用，并且因分离出纯的金属镭而又获得1911年诺贝尔化学奖。

为了纪念她的祖国波兰，她将一种元素命名为钋（polonium），另一种元素命名为镭（Radium），意思是“赋予放射性的物质”。

为了制得纯净的镭化合物，居里夫人又历时四（MarieCuI7e，1867枣1934）载，从数以吨计的沥青铀矿的矿渣中提炼出1O0 mg氯化镭，并初步测量出镭的相对原子质量是225。这个简单的数字中凝聚着居里夫妇的心血和汗水。

1903年6月，居里夫人以《放射性物质的研究》作为博士答辩论文获得巴黎大学物理学博士学位。同年11月，居里夫妇被英国皇家学会授予戴维金质奖章。12月，他们又与贝可勒尔共获1903年诺贝尔物理学奖。

1906年，彼埃尔·居里遭车祸去世。这一沉重的打击并没有使她放弃执著的追求，她强忍悲痛加倍努力地去完成他们挚爱的科学事业。她在巴黎大学将丈夫所开的讲座继续下去，成为该校第一位女教授。

1910年，她的名著《论放射性》一书出版。同年，她与别人合作分析纯金属镭，并测出它的性质。她还测定了氧及其他元素的半衰期，发表了一系列关于放射性的重要论著。鉴于上述重大成就，1911年她叉获得了诺贝尔化学奖，成为历史上第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的伟大科学家。

这位饱尝科学甘苦的放射性科学的奠基人，因多年艰苦奋斗积劳成疾，患恶性贫血症（白血病）于1934年7月4日不幸与世长辞，她为人类的科学事业，献出了光辉的一生。

世人对居里夫人的认可、程度上受其次女在1937年出版的传记《居里夫人》（Madame Curie）所影响。这本书美化了居里夫人的生活，把她一生所遇到的曲折都平淡地处理了。

美国传记女作家苏珊·昆（Susan Quinn）花了七年时间出版了一本新书：《玛丽雅· 居里：她的一生》（Maria Curie: A Life），收集包括居里家庭成员和朋友的没有公开的日记和传记资料，为她艰苦、辛酸和奋斗的生命历程描绘了一幅更详细和深入的图像。

在世界科学史上，玛丽·居里是一个永远不朽的名字。这位伟大的女科学家，以自己的勤奋和天赋，在物理学和化学领域，都做出了杰出的贡献，并因此而成为唯一一位在两个不同学科领域、两次获得诺贝尔奖的著名科学家。爱因斯坦在评价居里夫人一生的时候说：

“她一生中最伟大的功绩——证明放射性元素的存在并把它们分离出来——所以能够取得，不仅仅是靠大胆的直觉，而且也靠着难以想象的和极端困难的情况下工作的热忱和顽强。

这样的困难，在实验科学的历史中是罕见的。居里夫人的品德力量和热忱，哪怕只有一小部分存在于欧洲的知识分子中间，欧洲就会面临一个比较光明的未来。”

拓展资料:

玛丽·居里（Marie Curie，1867年11月7日—1934年7月4日），出生于华沙，世称“居里夫人”，全名玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里（Maria Skłodowska Curie），法国著名波兰裔科学家、物理学家、化学家。

1903年，居里夫妇和贝克勒尔由于对放射性的研究而共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年，因发现元素钋和镭再次获得诺贝尔化学奖，因而成为世界上第一个两获诺贝尔奖的人。

居里夫人的成就包括开创了放射性理论、发明分离放射性同位素技术、发现两种新元素钋和镭。在她的指导下，人们第一次将放射性同位素用于治疗癌症。由于长期接触放射性物质，居里夫人于1934年7月3日因恶性白血病逝世。

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland, onNovember 7, 1867, when the country was under Russian rule. Mary's parents, bothteachers, lost their positions shortly after she was born (she was their fifthchild). In order to make ends meet, they board some students.

To this end, young Mary also helped withthe cooking and worked long hours every day. Yet she still won a high schoolmerit badge. After graduating from high school, she became a governess. In 1891she went to Paris to study physics and mathematics at the University of Paris,where she graduated top of her class. She met French physicist Pierre Curie in1894 and they married the following year.

In 1898, French physicist Antoine HenriBecquerel discovered that uranium-containing minerals emit a mysterious ray,but failed to unravel its mystery. Marie and her husband, Pierre Curie, sharedthe task of studying the rays.

They separated and analyzed pitchblendeunder extremely difficult conditions, and finally discovered two new elementsin July and December 1898. Marie Curie, or Marie Curie, was a French scientistoriginally from Poland. She and her husband, Pierre Curie, were earlyresearchers of radioactivity, discovering the radioactive elements polonium(Po) and radium (Ra), which led to their collaboration with the Frenchphysicist Henri.

Henry Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prizein physics. Madame Curie went on to study the use of radium in chemistry andmedicine, and won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her isolation of puremetallic radium.

In honor of her native Poland, she namedone element polonium and the other Radium, meaning "a substance endowedwith radioactivity."

In order to produce pure radium compounds,Madame Curie took four years (MarieCuI7e, 1867 date 1934) to extract 1O0 mg ofradium chloride from tons of pitchblende slag, and preliminary measurement ofradium relative atomic mass is 225. This simple number embodies the blood andsweat of the Curies.

In June 1903, Madame Curie received adoctorate degree in physics from the University of Paris with her dissertationon the Study of Radioactive Substances. In November the Curies were awarded theDavid Gold Medal by the Royal Society. In December, they shared the 1903 NobelPrize in physics with Becquerel.

Pierre Curie died in a car accident in1906. This heavy blow did not make her give up the persistent pursuit, sheendured grief to redouble efforts to complete their beloved scientific career.She continued her husband's lectures at the University of Paris, where shebecame the first female professor.

In 1910, her famous book On Radioactivitywas published. In the same year, she co-analyzed the pure metal radium anddetermined its properties. She also determined the half-lives of oxygen andother elements and published a series of important works on radioactivity. In1911, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the first greatscientist in history to win the Nobel Prize twice.

The founder of radiation science, who hadexperienced many joys and hardships of science, died of pernicious anemia(leukemia) on July 4, 1934 due to years of hard work. She dedicated herglorious life to the scientific cause of mankind.

The extent to which the world recognizedMarie Curie was influenced by her second daughter's 1937 biography,"Madame Curie." This book beautifies Madame Curie's life, dealingwith the twists and turns of her life in a flat way.

American biographer Susan Quinn spent sevenyears publishing a new book: Marie Curie: Maria Curie: A Life, A collection ofunpublished diaries and biographical materials, including Curie family membersand friends, paints A more detailed and in-depth picture of her arduous,poignant and struggling Life.

In the history of world science, MarieCurie is an immortal name. This great female scientist, with her own diligenceand talent, made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics andchemistry, and therefore became the only famous scientist in two differentfields, won the Nobel Prize twice. Commenting on Madame Curie's life, Einsteinsaid:

"The greatest achievement of her life-- proving the existence of radioactive elements and isolating them -- wasachieved not only by bold intuition, but also by a passion and tenacity to workunder unimaginable and extremely difficult circumstances.

Such difficulties are rare in the historyof experimental science. If even a fraction of Marie Curie's moral strength andenthusiasm were to be found among the European intelligentsia, Europe wouldface a brighter future."

Further Information:

Marie Curie (November 7, 1867 -- July 4,

1934), born in Warsaw, known as "Madame Curie", full name Maria Skłodowska Curie (Maria SkłodowskaCurie), French famous Poland-born scientist, physicist, chemist.

In 1903, the Curies and Becquerel sharedthe Nobel Prize in physics for their work on radioactivity, and in 1911, theywon the Nobel Prize in chemistry again for the discovery of the elementspolonium and radium, thus becoming the first person in the world to win twoNobel Prizes.

Curie's achievements included pioneeringthe theory of radioactivity, the separation of radioactive isotopes, and thediscovery of two new elements, polonium and radium. Under her guidance,radioisotopes were first used to treat cancer. Due to long-term exposure toradioactive substances, Madame Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3,1934.