亚里士多德——1
一、柏拉图 vs 亚里士多德 比较
柏拉图接受了苏格拉底的衣钵，将其传承，象征着雅典最后的辉煌；亚里士多德则接受了柏拉图的衣钵，并对其进行了批判思考，成为了“科学”的奠基人，是“百科全书式”的人物，在西方哲学中大致等同于中国孔子的地位。
二、唯心唯物 vs 向内向外 vs 贫穷富裕
1、人群对唯心唯物主义选择的偏向
在经济困难时期，哲学通常呈现所谓的“向内”的发展，更偏重于唯心主义；在经济发展较好的时期，哲学通常呈现所谓的“向外”的发展，更偏重于唯物主义。在亚里士多德的年代，国家经济发展较为迅速，人民生活水平高于柏拉图时代，因此哲学多为唯物主义，与柏拉图时代不同。
由于唯心主义与唯物主义与国家的经济发展相关，而经济发展多呈现螺旋上升的发展趋势，因此唯心主义与唯物主义的哲学偏向也交替呈现。这与事物发展的“肯定-否定-否定之否定”规律是相一致的。
至于唯心主义和唯物主义选择的这一问题，通常内心较为强大的人会偏向于唯心主义，而内心较为普通的人会选择唯物主义。
Aristotle and Greek Science
I. The Historical Background
Aristotle was born at Stagira, a Macedonian city some two hundred miles to the north of Athens, in the year 384 B.C. His father was friend and physician to Amyntas, King of Macedon and grandfather of Alexander. Aristotle himself seems to have become a member of the great medical fraternity of Asclepiads. He was brought up in the odor of medicine as many later philosophers were brought up in the odor of sanctity; he had every opportunity and encouragement to develop a scientific bent of mind; he was prepared from the beginning to become the founder of science.
