Day4 单词作业
1. shake up
▲ n. [C usually singular] a large change in the way something is organised
The company is undergoing a radical shake-up.
2. a host of
▲ a large number of something
There's a whole host of reasons why he didn't get the job.
3. switching process
▲ 转换过程
4. to date
▲ up to now
No suspect has been found to date.
5. dire
▲ very serious or extreme
These people are in dire need of help.
▲ [informal] very bad
I thought that film was dire!
6. unscathed
▲ not injured, not damaged
Her husband escaped accident unscathed.
7. financial-technology=fintech
▲ 金融科技
8. mount a challenge
▲ 发起挑战，构成挑战
9. incumbent
▲ adj. [before noun] officially having the named position
The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office.
▲ adj. [formal] be incumbent on/ upon sb. to do sth. to be necessary for someone
She felt it incumbent upon/ on her to raise the subject at their meeting.
▲ n. the person who has or had a particular official position
the first/ last/previous incumbent
10. resilient
▲ able to quickly return to a previous good condition
She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.
11. customer-transaction
▲ 客户交易
12. cumbersome
▲ awkward because of being large, heavy or not effective
cumbersome equipment; cumbersome bureaucracy
13. kick-start
▲ start (a motorcycle) by means of a kick starter
14. explicit
▲ clear and exact
I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.
She was very explicit about(= said very clearly and exactly)what she thought was wrong with the plans.
▲ showing or talking about sex or violence in a very detailed way
a sexually explicit film
15. consent
▲ permission or agreement
They can't publish your name without your consent.
▲ by common consent: most people agree
Her latest film, by common consent, is her best yet.
16. integrate
▲ [I orT] to mix with and join society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits and customs
He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially.
▲ [T] to combine two or more things in order to become more effective
The idea with young children is to integrate learning with play.
17. authentication /ɔːˌθen.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
▲ validating the authenticity of something or someone( =certification)
▲ a mark on an article of trade to indicate its origin and authenticity( =hallmark)
18. rock-bottom interest rates
▲ 最低利率水平
19. consultancy
▲ [C] a company that gives specialist advice on a particular subject
a management/ financial/ recruitment consultancy
▲ [U] the activity of giving advice on a particular subject
20. lockhold
字典中没有这样一个词语，文中的意思是指 银行在支付方面有绝对优势或者掌握权
21. retail-banking
▲ Retail banking（小额银行业务）, also known as consumer banking, is the provision of services by a bank to individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. The term is generally used to distinguish these banking services from investment banking, commercial banking or wholesale banking. It may also be used to refer to a division or department of a bank dealing with retail customers.
22. dumb pipe
“倾倒管道”，文中的意思是指 具体业务和利润都可能被fintech抢占，银行就好像管道，钱进来钱出去，但服务利润都被fintech抢了，银行赚不到钱。
23. manifest
▲ to show something clearly, through signs or actions
The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.
24. robust
▲ (of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail
He looks robust and healthy enough.
25. implementation
▲ Implementation refers to the carrying out a plan
26. be watered down
▲ make less strong or intense; to reduce the strength or effectiveness of
It seemed clear by late autumn that the ban would be significantly watered down or removed altogether before the trade bill became law.
27. bare one's teeth
▲ 露出凶相，呲牙咧嘴
28. entrant
▲ a person who becomes a member of a group or organisation
new entrants to the school/ company
▲ a person who takes part in a competition or an examination
All entrants complete two three-hour papers.
29. exploit
▲ to use something for advantage
We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.
30. transform the landscape
搞事！搞事！
landscape原意是风景，景色，地貌，此处也是暗喻的用法，衍生为局面，局势。所以哦，衍生意思和原意都有一定联系，大家稍加联想，便不难理解哦。这种用法非常非常普遍，建议内化。Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的选举风波震动了欧洲政坛。
31. level the landscape
最初的含义：为了保证比赛对双方都是公平的，将草地弄得平平整整。引申为公平竞争。
单词复习地址：https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/1652417/practice
Day5 逻辑导图+神句翻译
【神句翻译】
1. New European payments regulation has the potential to shake up the banks.
新的欧洲支付规定有可能对银行带来冲击。
新出台的欧洲支付法规有可能会给银行业带来巨大冲击。
Shake up一般指带来重大改变
eg: Gambition is shaking up the way we study/Technology is shaking up every industry that we can conceive of.
2. European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyse transactions.
欧洲的规定将会向许多进行交易分析的创新型服务机构抛出橄榄枝。
欧洲法规将给交易分析相关的创新服务带来更多机遇。
open the door: to give someone new opportunities
1. + for: The success of that film opened new doors for him.
2. + to: Early results show that the new system would open doors to disadvantaged people.
3. Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
客户几乎不需要与银行进行（线下的）往来。
客户几乎都不需要通过银行。
如果这边一定把interact翻成与银行互动,就略显死板了。大家都习惯了互联网金融，那很多事情就不需要通过银行啦~
4. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
值得注意的是，欧洲的小额银行业务几乎没有受到技术冲击的影响。
1. 技术带来的变革对欧洲零售银行业产生的影响微乎其微。
2. 欧洲零售银行业几乎并没有受到技术变革的影响。
两句一个意思，第二句形式上更吻合原句，但第一句通过化被动为主动，突出了核心信息remarkably unscathed几乎毫发无伤。所以，翻译并没有完美的答案，只能无限接近而已~
另外,disruption真的是时下太过火爆的热词，比较普遍的译法是：颠覆。现在各行各业都在经历巨变，上个月笃师做了一个人力资源相关会议，当中就提到某五百强大公司人力资源部门的发展目标即三年内裁员15%，为何？新技术如AI（Artificial Intelligence人工智能）正在颠覆传统HR(Human Resources人力资源）行业，匹配人选，员工培训，薪酬制定等具体工作都可以借助技术高效完成，从而极大程度减少人员介入，好吧，听讲的都是该公司HR部门的员工，他们会不会有如坐针毡之感？？21世纪，没有一劳永逸的铁饭碗，终身学习才是王道鹅~~~
5. Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
科技金融公司开始（向银行）发起挑战，尤其是在北欧的线上支付板块。但他们的影响力在欧洲其他地区十分有限。
互联网金融公司已经开始发起挑战，尤其是在北欧线上支付领域。但对欧洲其他地区的影响则要小得多。
mount a challenge发起挑战，构成威胁，记住这个常见搭配。
我要提醒大家的是最后那里的reach,用作名词时候和influence一个意思,用来表达影响的范围，简短好用，建议化作积极储备。
Eg.Victory is now out of her reach. /The company has now overtaken IBM in terms ofsize and reach./Such matters are beyond the reach of the law.
6. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
然而，监管部门正着手要改变现状，大干一场。
然而，监管部门即将改变这一现状。
landscape原意是风景，景色，地貌，此处也是暗喻的用法，衍生为局面，局势。所以哦，衍生意思和原意都有一定联系，大家稍加联想，便不难理解哦。这种用法非常非常普遍，建议内化。Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的选举风波震动了欧洲政坛。
7. Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
银行对支付服务的垄断正是一种方便现成的收入来源。
牢牢把控支付领域使得银行轻而易举就能赚钱。
lockhold难住了很多同学，这种用法很少见，大家作为被动词汇即可。lock锁住，hold紧握，加在一起就是牢牢把控的意思，同样需要大家联想体会哦。倒是后面的handy这一形容词值得重视，表示就在手边，方便容易，唾手可得，联想它的原形hand好好体会一下。Eg. Always keep a first-aid kit handy.跟前要常备急救箱/handy little tool好用小工具
8. Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
抵触被看作是对数据保护的一种忧虑。科技金融的拥趸认为，这种关注不仅是合法的，并且给银行阻断竞争提供了一个便利的借口。
抗拒源自对数据保护的担忧，这是合情合理的。但互联网金融的支持者们认为，这也是银行抵制竞争的绝佳借口。
9. Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
尽管存在许多抱怨，顾客们仍然信任着银行，和他们进行金钱往来。
尽管客户怨声载道，但他们依然更信任把钱放在银行。For all表示尽管，虽然，等于despite.
Eg. For all its clarity of style, thebook is not easy to read.
【神词组】
1. become overdrawn
Apps could warn account-holders if they spend more than a predetermined amount or are about to become overdrawn.
透支
2. nudge them to save more
Apps could warnaccount-holders if they spend more than a predetermined amount or are about to become overdrawn,or even nudge them to save more.
吸引他们存更多钱。nudge 本来是“轻推、推进”的意思，我觉得在这里中文表达为”吸引“可能更好。
鼓励他们增加储蓄
3. have easy access to
Banks, on the other hand, have easy access to transaction data.
更加容易得到
便于……
4. kick-start competition
The Payments Services Directive 2 (PSD2), due to be implemented by EU members in January 2018, aims to kick-start competition while making payments more secure.
开启竞争
引发竞争
5. give explicit consent
Provided the customer has given explicit consent, banks will be forced to share customer-account information with licensed financial-servicesproviders.
给予明确的许可
6. one-click bank transfer
They could become more integrated into the internet-browsing experience—enabling, for example, one-click bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
一键转账
7. low-value payments
They could become more integrated into the internet-browsing experience—enabling, for example, one-click bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
小额支付
8. tighten up security
Security for payments above €30 ($32) will be tightened up, with customers having to provide two pieces of secret information (“strong authentication”) to wave through a transaction.
加强安全监管
加强安全
9. guide them toward
With access to account data, meanwhile, fintech firms could offer customers budgeting advice, or
guide them towards higher-interest savings accounts or cheaper mortgages.
这里意为“引导他们，使他们（存利率更高的存款或贷利率更低的贷款）”
10. rich data
Those with limited credit histories may find it easier to borrow, too, since richer transaction data should mean more sophisticated credit checks.
丰富的数据
11. leave them in a weaker position
In a survey conducted last year by Strategy&, a unitofPwC, a professionalservicesfirm, 68% of responding banks believed that PDS2 would leave them in a weaker position.
使他们陷于不利的境地
12. robust data-protection system
Newcomers will be regulated, after all, and will have to convince the authorities that their data-protection systems are robust.
强化数据保护系统
强大的数据保护系统
这里不是动词呀，看错了~
13. insured against losses from fraud
As they are also required to be insured against losses from fraud, they will need to convince insurers, too.
为欺诈损失进行投保
投保以防欺诈造成的损失
14. perfect on paper
For his part, Klarna’s Mr Siemiatkowski thinks PSD2 is “perfect on paper”.
理论上完美，但实践起来没那么理想
理论完美！暗示实际操作起来可能困难重重
15. team up with
Santander’s British arm, for instance, has teamed up with Kabbage.
与……联手
16. exploit newcomers technology
Familiarity, huge customer bases and low funding costs are all attributes entrants want to gain by association, just as banks want to exploit newcomers’ technology.
利用新参者的技术
【思维导图】
Day6 总结反思
这是在Gambition精读班的第六天，第二篇文章。
我本身是学金融的，无奈对经济社会实在不敏感，学得有些云里雾里。但这一篇Levelling the paying field实在比课本易懂多了，耐着性子读下来迷之有一种自己懂得真多的错觉。
金融科技的发展在中国可谓是后来居上，这和国情和政策太相关了。在西方国家，金融体系本身就是会限制金融科技的发展的，正如文章所说的那样，银行会锁住客户的交易信息，占有客户的交易数据，从而保住庞大的客户群体。Fintech firm始终是作为传统金融服务的一个补充，因此，虽然起步早，发展却不见得有我国的快。再者，它们也没有像我们国家那样肥沃的土壤：西方的人们更加注重安全性，更加信任银行，而不是新兴的金融科技公司。当然，与其说他们是保守，不如说是谨慎，天生有一种溶于血脉的在经济活动中的安全防范意识。
在一个什么都是open的世界上，银行当然不可能永远不受到威胁。就算是新兴的金融科技，也会给它们带来冲击。即使银行想要维持它们占据主导地位的现状，有关部门也会出来搞事的。PSD2的出台对于金融科技公司来说无疑是一个利好消息，但银行就憋闷啦哈哈哈。文章里说到银行担心自己会变成金融体系中的“dump pipe”，读到这里的时候我就想了想咱们国内的五大行，似乎好像貌似有点dump pipe了……小的时候遇到大额支付、给人打钱都需要带银行卡去银行取钱、转账，还有邮政的什么“汇款”，但现在基本上ZFB一秒搞定，好像没银行什么事儿。我自己现在也越来越依赖移动支付，出门不带钱，带脑子和手机就行了。但是，仔细想想的话，在国内，看似银行的业务被第三方抢占了，实际上银行或许在其中参与了某一部分的活动，并从中获取了一定的利益。不然五大行能同意它们在自己眼皮子底下抢自己的饭吃吗？不能呀，这胳膊能粗过大腿吗？在第三方发展起来之后银行才意识到“骚等！这貌似是我的活儿！”然后也开始搞移动支付。在我的了解和理解中，银行移动客户端做的是各种业务，主攻的是投资活动方面的服务；而第三方主攻的是普通民众的支付、社交功能。
我好像扯得有点远了。作为一个金融学渣，思路并不是特别清晰，想到哪儿说到哪儿，欢迎大家批评指正！！
说回西方的这个PSD2吧，Mr Siemiatkowski说这事儿不太靠谱，应该是“perfect on paper”，我感觉也是这样。一方面银行有抵触，另一方面公众也不见得特别喜欢寻求Fintech firm的帮助。作为一个年轻的金融形式，它们还有太长的路要走，风险与机遇并存，要想赢得市场，也不是那么容易的事。
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关于这回的翻译作业，我的自我感觉还蛮好的……比Topic1 要好一些。首先对文章的整体把握没有topic1那么糟糕，基本上能够理解全文，能够理清文章的主线；其次对于句子的翻译，和笃师的翻译基本上意思不会差太远，也没有看起来很尴尬的“尬翻”，大致算作无功无过，“麻麻嘚啦”；最后，对于短语的理解，大多数都是正确的，只有少数表达得不够准确。我听说一个翻译最终不是被他的外文水平限制了他的发展，而正是他的母语水平让他举步维艰。这话说得简直太对了，我现在老觉得自己词不达意，打字的时候恨不得加上几个表情，至少让我加个颜文字啊，不然我完全没法说人话。
我觉得我可能需要一本《作文素材》加持。
值得高兴的是我终于画出了一份像样的思维导图了！一方面是因为对文章的理解较之topic1深刻一些，另一方面是因为我昨天好歹有时间研究了一下Xmind，把图做得漂亮了一点，心情也好一点。现在再看topic1的思维导图，我真想把它从电脑屏幕上抠下来吃掉呀。
做思维导图其实是一个很享受的过程，看到自己把一篇几百字的文章唰唰唰几条线几个单词连在一起，形成一幅简洁明了的导图，整个人都在半夜11点半清醒了。虽然作图的过程很艰辛曲折，有时候做着做着把自己弄晕了，又得重头略读一遍文章，夜里看着那密密麻麻的蝌蚪文真是酸爽呀。
我拿自己的图和笃师的图对比了一下，发现笃师的图囊括的内容更多，思路也更清晰。我的图里，就漏掉了一些内容，比如bank和fintech firm各自对于PSD2的反应。而且我很疑惑为什么我的图看起来文字有些拥挤呢……
因为之前参加了举起被子，我现在已经养成了早起的习惯。每天早上起床之后会把精读文章读一遍，每一次都会有新的理解。要说为什么读书叫做”读书“呢，就是因为读了才会有理解呀。有些当时不明白的地方，多读几次、再读几次就会理解一些了。
在精读班的第六天，感恩幸福爱♥
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明日も頑張ります。
