Words and Expressions
1、ongoing/ˈɒnˌɡəʊɪŋ/ adj.
An ongoing situation has been happening for quite a long time and seems likely to continue for some time in the future. 进行中的; 继续存在的
例：There is an ongoing debate on the issue. 关于这个问题争论还在继续。
[文中句子]Science is an ongoing search for truth.
2、put forward
If you put forward a plan, proposal, or name, you suggest that it should be considered for a particular purpose or job. 提出 (计划、建议、名称)
例：He has put forward new peace proposals. 他已提出了新的和平建议。
3、pick holes 挑毛病
people in the similar field are invitied to pick holes
4、peer review 同行审议
5、falsify/ˈfɔːlsɪˌfaɪ/ Vt.
If someone falsifies something, they change it or add untrue details to it in order to deceive people. 篡改
例：The charges against him include fraud, bribery, and falsifying business records.
对他的指控包括诈骗、贿赂和篡改业务记录。
fraud/frɔːd/ n.
Fraud is the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by a trick or by lying. 诈骗罪
例：He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception. 他因诈骗与欺诈被监禁了两年。
A fraud is something or someone that deceives people in a way that is illegal or dishonest. 骗人 的东西; 骗子
例： He's a fraud and a cheat. 他是一个骗子。
6、speculative/ˈspɛkjʊlətɪv/adj.
A piece of information that is speculative is based on guesses rather than knowledge. 猜测性的
例：The papers ran speculative stories about the mysterious disappearance of Eddie Donagan.
各报刊登了有关埃迪•多纳根神秘失踪的猜测性报道。
Speculative is used to describe activities which involve buying goods or shares, or buildings and properties, in the hope of being able to sell them again at a higher price and make a profit. 投机性的
例： Thousands of retirees were persuaded to mortgage their homes to invest in speculative bonds. 上千的退休人员被劝说抵押他们的房子去投资投机性的债券。
7、deflection/dɪˈflɛkʃən/ n.
The deflection of something means making it change direction. 偏离
例： ...the deflection of light as it passes through the slits in the grating.
... 光线穿过栅栏缝隙的折射。
TIn sports, the deflection of a ball, kick, or shot is when the ball hits an object and then travels in a different direction. 转向
8、foil/fɔɪl/ u.n.
Foilconsists of sheets of metal as thin as paper. It is used to wrap food in. (用于包裹食物的) 箔纸
例：Pour cider around the meat and cover with foil. 在肉的四周倒上苹果酒，然后盖上箔纸。
9、all the more adv.更加
10、four bodily humours 四种体液
11、phlogiston/flɒˈdʒɪstɒn, -tən/ n.
A hypothetical substance formerly thought to be present in all combustible materials and to be released during burning 燃素; 旧时人们认为所有可燃物中存在的一种假想物质，燃烧时被释放
12、cathode ray 阴极射线
electron-beam
cathode n. 阴极 anion n.阴离子
cathodic adj.阴极的 anionic adj.阴离子的
anode n.阳极 cation n.阳离子
anodic adj.阳极的 cationic adj.阳离子的
13、fourfold/ˈfɔːˌfəʊld/ adj.
equal to or having four times as many or as much 四倍的
(adv. by or up to four times as many or as much 四倍地)
quadruple/ˈkwɒdrʊpəl, -ˈdruːpəl/ Vt.&Vi.; adj.
If someone quadruples an amount or if it quadruples, it becomes four times bigger. 使成4倍; 成为4倍
例：China seeks to quadruple its income in twenty years. 中国力求在20年内将其收入翻两番。
You use quadruple to indicate that something has four parts or happens four times. 由4部分组成的; 发生4次的
例：The quadruple murder has replaced property prices as the sole topic of interest.
这4起连环谋杀案已经取代房价成为了人们惟一感兴趣的话题。
14、astrolabe/ˈæstrəˌleɪb/ n.
an instrument used by early astronomers to measure the altitude of stars and planets and also as a navigational aid. It consists of a graduated circular disc with a movable sighting device 星盘
15、alchemy/ˈælkəmɪ/ N-UNCOUNT
Alchemy was a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, that was concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold. 炼金术
16、dissection[di'sekʃən] n. 解剖，剖割；切开，分割
17、millennium/mɪˈlɛnɪəm/ n.
A millennium is a period of one thousand years, especially one which begins and ends with a year ending in "000," for example the period from the year 1000 to the year 2000. 一千年
例： ...the dawn of a new millennium. …新千年的开始。
Many people refer to the year 2000 as the Millennium. 2000年; 千禧年
例：...the eve of the Millennium. …千禧年的前夜。
18、flea/fliː/ n.
A flea is a very small jumping insect that has no wings and feeds on the blood of humans or animals. 跳蚤
19、discredit/dɪsˈkrɛdɪt/ Vt.
To discredit someone or something means to cause them to lose people's respect or trust. 使…丧失信誉
例：...a secret unit within the company that had been set up to discredit its major rival.
…为破坏其主要竞争对手声誉而设的一个公司内秘密单位。
20、leapfrog/ˈliːpˌfrɒɡ/
1.N-UNCOUNTLeapfrog is a game which children play, in which a child bends over, while others jump over their back. 跳背游戏
例：The kids were playing leapfrog and doing somersaults in the backyard. 孩子们正在后院玩跳背游戏和翻筋头。
2.V-T/V-IIf one group of people leapfrogs into a particular position or leapfrogs someone else, they use the achievements of another person or group in order to make advances of their own. (利用别人成就) 超越
例： It is already obvious that all four American systems have leapfrogged over the European versions. 显然，美国的全部4套系统已经超越了欧洲的版本。
21、paleontology[,pæiliɔn'tɔlədʒi; ,pei-] n.古生物学
22、turn up
If you say that someone or something turns up, you mean that they arrive unexpectedly or after you have been waiting a long time. (意外地或终于) 出现
例： They finally turned up at nearly midnight. 他们终于在近午夜时出现了。
Richard had turned up on Christmas Eve with Tony. 理查德在圣诞前夜与托尼一起出现。
23、inherit/ɪnˈhɛrɪt/ Vt.
If you inherit money or property, you receive it from someone who has died. 继承 (财产)
例：He has no son to inherit his land. 他没有儿子来继承他的土地。
If you inherit something such as a task, problem, or attitude, you get it from the people who used to have it, for example, because you have taken over their job or been influenced by them. 接手; 接任
The Endara government inherited an impossibly difficult situation from its predecessors.
恩达拉政府从其前任手里接过了一个极为困难的局面。
If you inherit a characteristic or quality, you are born with it, because your parents or ancestors also had it. 经遗传而得 (特征、品质等)
例： We inherit from our parents many of our physical characteristics. 我们从父母的遗传中得到许多体貌特征。
Her children have inherited her love of sports. 她的孩子们从她那里继承了对体育运动的爱好。
heredity/hɪˈrɛdɪtɪ/ u.n.
Heredity is the process by which features and characteristics are passed on from parents to their children before the children are born. 遗传
例： Heredity is not a factor in causing the cancer. 遗传并非导致这种癌症的一个因素。
hereditary/hɪˈrɛdɪtərɪ/adj.
A hereditary characteristic or illness is passed on to a child from its parents before it is born. 遗传 (性) 的
例： Cystic fibrosis is the commonest fatal hereditary disease. 囊性纤维化是最常见的致命性遗传疾病。
A title or position in society that ishereditaryis one that is passed on as a right from parent to child. 世袭的
24、daunting/ˈdɔːntɪŋ/ adj.
Something that is daunting makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it. 使人畏缩的
例： He and his wife Jane were faced with the daunting task of restoring the gardens to their former splendour. 他和他的妻子简当时面临着恢复花园昔日风采的艰巨任务。
25、genome/ˈdʒiːnəʊm/ n. In biology, a genome is the particular number and arrangement of chromosomes within the cells of an organism such as an animal or plant that distinguishes it from other types of organism. 基因组
26、relentless/rɪˈlɛntlɪs/ adj.
Something bad that isrelentlessnever stops or never becomes less intense. 毫不留情的
例：The pressure now was relentless. 压力现在毫无减弱之意。
Someone who is relentless is determined to do something and refuses to give up, even if what they are doing is unpleasant or cruel. 坚持不懈的
Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical ability was remarkable.
由于对质量的坚持不懈的追求，他的技术能力非同凡响。
