1、NSUserDefaults
能存储的数据类型为:NSNumber(NSInteger、float、double),NSString,NSDate,NSArray,NSDictionary,BOOL.
NSUserDefaults *def = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[def setBool:YES forKey:@"default_save_bool"];
[def setFloat:1.414 forKey:@"default_save_float"];
[def setInteger:11 forKey:@"default_save_int"];
[def setObject:@"string" forKey:@"default_save_obj"];
[def synchronize];
2、plist文件
plist文件即属性列表property list,这样的文件扩展名为.plist,常用来存储一些常使用但不常改动的轻量数据,可存储类型有NSNumber,NSString,NSDate,NSData ,NSArray,NSDictionary,BOOL,这里plist文件存储可以有两种方式,一种是直接手动创建plist文件,command+n创建plist文件;一种是代码创建写入沙盒
获取文件手动路径
NSString *filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"myPlist" ofType:@"plist"];
获取沙盒路径创建plist
NSString *documentPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject;
NSString *filePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"myPlist.plist"];
如果为字典使用字典接收:
NSMutableDictionary *dic = dic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
如果是数组使用数组接收:
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
写入数据
[dic setObject:@"zhangsan" forKey:@"name"];
[dic writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];// 返回布尔值 yes代表写入成功
3、归档
归档也是iOS开发中常用的一种数据存储方式,可直接将对象存储为文件,将存储的文件转成对象,相对于NSUserDefault和plist来说,可存储自定义对象(这里对象需要遵循NSCoding协议),而且归档文件是加密的,在磁盘上看不到,更加安全可靠;归档可以分为三种:
NSString *documentPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject;
NSString *filePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archvier.plist"];
简单归档,根据文件路径进行归档
NSArray*array =@['AA','BB','CC'];
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:array toFile:filePath]; // 返回布尔值yes代表归档成功
根据文件路径进行解档
NSArray *arr =[NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath];
NSData类型归档
NSMutableData *mutableData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init]; //通过data创建NSKeyedArchiver的实例对象
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:mutableData];
//进行归档
[archiver encodeObject:@"张三"forKey:@"name"];
[archiver encodeBool:YES forKey:@"sex"];
[archiver encodeInt:25 forKey:@"age"];
[archiver finishEncoding]; //写入文件
BOOL isSuccese = [mutableData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];
// 解归档
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
NSString*name = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
BOOLsex = [unarchiver decodeBoolForKey:@"sex"];
int age = [unarchiver decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
自定一对象类型归档,自定义类型需要遵循NSCoding协议
自定义Student类有3个属性
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *gender;
@property (nonatomic) NSInteger age;
实现两个方法
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder{
if(self= [super init]) {
_age= [coder decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
_name= [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
_gender= [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"gender"];
}
return self;
}
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder{
[coder encodeInt:_age forKey:@"age"];
[coder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
[coder encodeObject:_gender forKey:@"gender"];
}
创建对象
Student *student = [Student alloc] init];
student.name=@"张三";
student.gender=@"男";
student.age=25;
归档:[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:student toFile:filePath];
解档:Student *stu = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath];
4、数据库
前面三种方式都是对数据量比较小的情况下使用,而数据量比较大的情况下使用FMDB和CoreData,FMDB是针对sqlite的c语言API进行封装成oc的API,这样方便读写,省去了一些c语言的API调用带来的麻烦,而CoreData则是iOS5之后新增的Xcode自带的框架,他提供了对象、关系映射的功能,将oc对象转化成数据存储在sqlite数据库里面,省去了我们编写数据库操作命令代码。