UNIT 7 WHAT'S THIS? WHAT'S THAT?
第七课 这是什么? 那是什么?
本课重点:怎样询问和回答某物的名称和有关情况。
A. Texts & Notes
1. Is this your suitcase?
海关官员检查神父的行李。
Customs officer: Is this your suitcase?
Priest: Yes, it is.
Customs officer: And is this your suitcase?
Priest: Yes, it is.
Customs officer: Would you open this one, please?
Priest: Yes.
Customs officer: Excuse me. What's this?
Priest: It's a bottle. A bottle of wine.
Customs officer: And this? What's this?
Priest: It's soap.
Customs officer: And these? What are these?
Priest: They're cigarettes.
海关官员:这是你的手提箱吗?
神父:是的。
海关官员:这只手提箱也是你的吗?
神父:是的。
海关官员:请你打开这只好吗?
神父:好的。
海关官员:请问,这是什么?
神父:这是一个瓶子,一瓶葡萄酒。
海关官员:这个呢?这是什么?
神父:这是肥皂。
海关官员:这些呢?这些是什么?
神父:这些是香烟。
注1:名词有可数名词与不可数名词之分,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。一般在单数形式后加 -s 即为复数形式。如 tree(单)— trees(复),map — maps。单数名词读音结尾为清辅音时,其复数所加 -s 读[s]音,如结尾为浊辅音时,则读[z]音。
—以 s、x、z、zh、ch或辅音加 o 结尾的名词变复数时加 -es,读音为[-is]。如 address — addresses。
—以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时将 f 和 fe 变为 v 再加 -es,读音为[-vs]。如 knife — knives。
—以辅音加 y 结尾的名词, 变 y 为 i 再加 -es。如 family — families。
—以 ce 或 se 结尾的加 -s,但读音为 [is]。如 office — offices,house — houses。
以上为一般规律,但也有例外。
不可数名词一般为物质名词(如:wine )和抽象名词(如:happiness 幸福),没有单数和复数的区别。
注2. 可数名词与数词连用表示具体数量,如:one bottle;three officers;ten tourists。但表示一个时,常用不定冠词 a,如:一位旅行者说 a tourist,一支香烟说 a cigarette。不可数名词则不能这样表示具体数量,一瓶酒应说 a bottle of wine,一瓶香水应说 a bottle of perfume,一块肥皂要说 a cake of soap,一杯水说 a glass of water。
注3. this 的复数是 these,that 的复数是 those,统称为指示代词。
2. What are those?
两名旅游者在郊外迷了路,他们在查看地图。
Girl: What's that?
Man: It's a river.
Girl: Is that a river?
Man: No, it isn't. That's a road.
Girl: Is that grass?
Man: Yes, it is. It's green.
Girl: What are those? There.
Man: Those are trees. I think. Wait a moment. Yes, they're trees.
Girl: And that's a house. And those are houses. And those.
Man: And that's a road. Straight ahead. This way.
姑娘:那是什么?
男子:是一条河。
姑娘:那是是条河吗?
男子:不,不是的,那是一条路。
姑娘:那是草地吗?
男子:是的,是绿色的。
姑娘:那些是什么?那边。
男子:我想是树,等一下,对是树。
姑娘:那是一所房子。那些也是房子,还有那些。
男子:那是一条路,一直朝前。打这儿走。
注4. 注意在一个句子中,名词、人称代词、指示代词以及系动词 to be 的单数和复数都必须一致。
What's this?和 What's that?是就可数名词单数及不可数名词提问的,所以回答这两个问题时用 It's… ,如:What's this?It's a bottle. What's that? It's a soap.
What are these? 和 What are those? 是用来就可数名词复数提问,所以回答时用 Thay‘re … ,如:What're these? They're cigarettes. What're those? They're shops.
3. A quiz about London
一场智力测验正在进行。
Quizmaster: Hollo, good evening and welcome to the London Quiz. Yes, a quiz about London. Here are six questions. Six questins about London. Here is questin one: What's this?
1st and 3rd members: It's the Tower of London.
Quizmaster: Yes. And question two is "How old is the Tower of London?" Is it 500 years old? Is it 700 years old or is it 900 years old?
3rd member: 900.
Quizmaster: Yes. The Tower of London is 900 years old. It's 900 years old. Right. Questins three: What this?
1st member: The River Thames.
Quizmaster: Yes, it is. Here's question four. How long is the River Thames? Is it 238 kilometres long? Is it 338 kilometres long? Or is it 438 kilometres long?
1st member: I don't know.
2nd member: I think, it's 338 kilometres long.
Quizmaster: Yes, it is. It's 338 kilometres long. Here's question five. Question five: What's this?
1st member: Is it Buckingham Palace?
Quizmaster: No, no, it isn't.
3rd member: Is it Big Ben?
Quizmaster: Yes, it is Big Ben. And question six is "How high is Big Ben?" Is it 78 metres high? Is it 88 metres high? Or is it 98 metres high?
2nd member: 88.
Quizmaster: No, it isn't 88 metres high.
1st member: 78.
Quizmaster: No, no. It isn't 78 metres high.
3rd member: 98.
Quizmaster: Yes, well done! Big Ben is 98 metres high. It's 98 memtres high.
节目主持人:各位,晚上好,欢迎参加伦敦智力测验。对,这是一个关于伦敦的测验。有六个问题,六个关于伦敦的问题。这是第一个问题:这是什么?
第一、第二参赛者:这是伦敦塔。
节目主持人:对了。第二个问题是“伦敦塔有多少年的历史了?”500年了,700年了还是900年了?
第三参赛者:900年。
节目主持人:对了。伦敦塔有900年了。它有900年的历史了。好。第三个问题:这是什么?
第一参赛者:泰晤士河。
节目主持人:对,是的。现在是第四个问题。泰晤士河有多长?它有238公里长?它有338公里长?还是438公里长?
第一参赛者:我不知道。
第二参赛者:我想它有338公里长。
节目主持人:是的,对了。它是338公里长。现在是第五个问题。第五个问题:这是什么?
第一参赛者:是白汉金宫吗?
节目主持人:不,不,它不是。
第三参赛者:是伦敦大钟吗?
节目主持人:对,是大钟。第六个问题是大钟有多高?是78米高?是88米高?还是98米高?
第二参赛者:88米。
节目主持人:不,不是88米高。
第一参赛者:78米。
节目主持人:不,不是78米高。
第三参赛者:98米?
节目主持人:对了。答得好!大钟有98米高。它有98米高。
*注5. quiz 原意上测验。在电视节目中,quiz 是一种智力测验比赛,主持人提问题,参加人回答,看谁答得对和快。主持人称为 quizmaster。
注6. the River Thames 泰晤士河,英国南部一大河,流经伦敦市中心。
注7. Big Ben [bɪɡ ben]是伦敦议会大厦上的一口古老的大自鸣钟,为伦敦一景。钟重13.5吨,直径2.7米。多年来,它一直为伦敦市民准确地报时。通过英国广播公司(BBC)的广播也可以收到 Big Ben 的报时。
注8. how 为疑问副词,与形容词连用,对某事物的特性提问。问有多少 年了说 How old …?问有多长说How long …? 问有多高说 How high …?这是特殊疑问句,回答时不说 Yes. 或 No. 而要具体说清问题。回答问多少年的问题时用 It's … old. 回答问有多长的问题时用 It's … long. 回答问有多高的问题时用 It's … high. 例如:
How old is Tiananmen? It's 580 years old.
How long is Yangtze River? It's 6,380 kilometres long.
How high is Mount Zhumulangma? It's 8,848 metres high.
注9. 1st 是 first 的简写,2nd 是 second 的简写,3rd 是 third 的简写。
B. Exercise
- 电视片和录音带里有一段是导游在介绍伦敦一座有名的公园,听后你能用英语回答下列问题吗?
(1)What's the name of the park? .
(2)How old is it? .
(3)How long is the famous Rousham Park bowling green?.
— And this is Rousham park.
— Excuse me. How old is it?
— It's . And this is the famous Rousham Park bowling green.(滚木球草坪) It was made in 1720.
— How long is it?
— I don't know, Mr Bradley. I think it's .
— Thank you. - 假设你陪外宾去颐和园(the Summer Palace),试编一段对话,就颐和园有多少年的历史,长廊(the Long Corrider)有多长及万寿山(Longevity Hill)有多高提问并回答。
How old is the Summer Palace? It's … years old.
How long is the Long Corrider? It's … metres long.
How high is Longevity Hill? It's … metres high. - 用 this 和 these 填空:
(1)Is your tooth-paste?
(2) suitcases are red.
(3) is my office.
(4) thops close at 7 o'clock.
4,用 that 和 those 填空:
(1)The keys are in suicase.
(2)Is that your clock?
(3)Who is over there?
(4)There's a car park near houses. - 用 blue, red, green, white, black 和 yellow 填空:
(1)The sky is . The clouds are .
(2)There is a flag with five * stars.
(3)The house is . And the trees are .
C. Summary
1.说法与用法
(1)就各种事物的名称回答:
What's this / that? It's tooth-paste. It's soap.
What are these / those? They're trees.
(2)就年龄问答:
How old is it? It's 500 years old.
(3)就长度问答:
How long is it? It's 338 kilometres long.
(4)就高度回答:
How high is it? It's 300 metres high.
2. 语法
(1)名词有可数名词与不可数名词之分,可数名词有单数和复数的区别。(详见注1)
(2)指示代词:this; these; that; those
(3)在一个句子中,名词、人称代词、指示代词和系动词 to be 的单数和复数均需一致。
What's this?
It's a bottle.
What are these?
They're cigarette.
That's a river.
How old is it?
It's 900 years old.
How long is it?
It's 338 kilometres long.
How high is it?
It's 98 metres high.
D. Words & Expressions
单词与表达方式 | 单词与表达方式 |
---|---|
customs /ˈkʌstəmz/ n. 海关 | quizmaster /ˈkwɪzmɑːstə(r)/ n. 测验主持人 |
officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员 | |
custorms officer 海关官员 | question /ˈkwestʃən/ n. 问题 |
priest /priːst/ n. 神父 | old /əʊld/ adj. 老,(时间)长久 |
suitcase /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ n. 手提箱 | |
bottle /ˈbɒt(ə)l/ n. 瓶子 | year /jɪə(r)/ n. 年 |
wine /waɪn/ n. 葡萄酒 | the River Thames /ðə ˈrɪvə ˈtemz/ 泰晤士河 |
soap /səʊp/ n. 肥皂 | |
cigarette /ˌsɪɡəˈret/ n. 香烟 | kilometre /kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/ n. 公里 |
these /ðiːz/ pron. 这些 | long /lɒŋ/ adj. 长 |
perfume /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ n. 香水 | high /haɪ/ adj. 高 |
tooth-paste /tuːθ peɪst/ n. 牙膏 | Well done! /ˌwel ˈdʌn/ 做得好! |
those /ðəʊz/ pron. 那些 | black /blæk/ adj. 黑色的 |
key /kiː/ n. 钥匙 | blue /bluː/ adj. 蓝色的 |
river /ˈrɪvə(r)/ n. 河流 | red /red/ adj. 红色的 |
grass /ɡrɑːs/ n. 草,草地 | white/waɪt/ adj. 白色的 |
green /ɡriːn/ adj. 绿色的 | yellow/ˈjeləʊ/ adj. 黄色的 |
house /haʊs/ n. 房子 | sky /skaɪ/ n. 天空 |
tree /triː/ n. 树 | cloud /klaʊd/ n. 云 |
to wait /tuː weɪt/ vi. 等待 | flag /flæɡ/ n. 旗 |
to welcome /tuː ˈwelkəm/ vt. vi. 欢迎 | star /stɑː(r)/ n. 星 |
member /ˈmembə(r)/ n. 成员 | horse /hɔːs/ n. 马 |
quiz /kwɪz/ n. 测验 |