前言：这篇文章是我在机翻的基础上修改的，如有词不达意的地方请留言.
Piotr Wozniak博士，1999年10月
Piotr Wozniak博士的新文章：间隔重复的真实历史
时间管理的本质可以用一句话来概括：围绕优先事项组织和执行.
斯蒂芬·R·科维，《高效能人士的7个习惯》
本文介绍了任务列表(tasklist)的概念，以及如何将其用于时间管理和与工作相关的压力管理.
科技带来的利与弊（Mixed blessings of technology）
The pace of the growth of our civilization seems to neverleave the exponential phase. The more we invent in the area of life-quality improvement,the more we get overwhelmed with the blessings of technology. The Internet has shaken theexperience of communication, yet it added new problems with new acronyms such as Information FatigueSyndrome (IFS) or Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). E-mail has revolutionizedperson-to-person communication on all platforms (business, scientific, personal, etc.),yet many of us just cannot keep up with the regular inflow of dozens of messages eventhough each e-mail might include an importantThank you, business idea orLong-time-no-seegreetings. This article proposes a universal solution to theproblem of handling task overload at work and at home
我们文明的发展速度似乎从未离开指数阶段。科技在带来生活质量提高的同时也给我们带来了许多压力。互联网改变了人们的交流体验，但也给信息疲劳综合征（IFS）或网络成瘾症（IAD）等新的首字母缩写词带来了新的问题。电子邮件已经彻底改变了所有平台（商业、科学、个人等）上的人与人之间的交流，但我们中的许多人无法处理每天收到茫茫多的邮件，即使每封电子邮件可能包含一条重要的感谢信、商业理念或久违问候语。这篇文章提出了一个通用的解决方案来处理工作和家庭中的任务过载问题
压力过大（Overstress）
One of the pivotal issues in stress management is the management of work overload. 10% of the population in the industrial world suffers from overstress (clinically known as insufficient supply of messengers from the biogenic amine and endorphin system). Overstress basically results from two factors: (1) work overload and (2) change. As for change, even seemingly pleasant change factors add to the stress load: marriage, vacation, fabulous date, new job, etc. Those who are in overstress should look for stability, as opposed to change. One of the best formulas: make your life regular like clockwork! If it becomes boring... well... at least it is not going to be stressful and damaging to your health. There is a simple way of telling if stress and change are welcome in your life: as long as they are detectably pleasurable, they are not likely to be harmful!
压力管理中的一个关键问题是工作超负荷的管理。工业世界10%的人口患有过度压力（临床上称为生物胺和内啡肽系统信使供应不足）。压力过大主要是由两个因素造成的：（1）工作负荷过重；（2）变化。至于变化，即使看似愉快的变化因素也会增加压力：婚姻、假期、美妙的约会、新工作等等。那些压力过大的人应该寻求稳定，而不是改变。最好的公式之一：让你的生活像钟表一样规律！虽然它可能会变得无聊。。。但是至少不会给你带来压力，也不会损害你的健康。有一种简单的方法可以判断压力和变化在你的生活中是否受欢迎：只要它们是可察觉的快乐，它们就不太可能有害！
工作量过大（Excessive workload）
After the factors of change, the second important source of overstress comes from excessive workload. Work by itself is not harmful. For those who are perceived as workaholics, heavy workload may even be necessary to retain the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. The harmful factors related to work are: unmet expectations, rapid change, chaotic multitasking, uncertainty, interruptions, etc. Many hours of a well-defined job in full concentration may do more good to your mental state than pure idleness. At the same time even one hour of chaos can wreak havoc on your ability to focus, rest in the night, communicate with your peers, etc. When you get down to work, you subconsciously define a set of expectations for your working day. If these all go to ruin because of factors beyond your control, you end up with unmet expectations and overstress. Here are some examples of factors that ruin your working day expectations:
在变化因素之后，过度压力的第二个重要来源来自过度的工作量。工作本身并不有害。对于那些被视为工作狂的人来说，为了保持大脑中神经递质的平衡，繁重的工作量甚至是必要的。与工作相关的有害因素有：未满足的期望、快速的变化、混乱的多任务处理、不确定性、干扰等。在一份定义明确的工作中全神贯注地工作很多小时可能比纯粹的无所事事对你的精神状态有更大的好处。与此同时，即使是一个小时的混乱也会对你的注意力集中、夜间休息、与同事沟通等能力造成严重破坏。当你开始工作时，你会下意识地为工作日设定一系列期望。如果这些都因为你无法控制的因素而破产，你最终会得到未满足的期望和过度的压力。以下是一些破坏你工作日预期的因素：
・your boss enters your room and sends you into a new mission without considering your position in the current task
・your employees come every 20 minutes with new questions and you cannot move ahead
・your mobile phone rings off the hook
・there is a pile of unresponded correspondence on your desk or anunmanageable collection of e-mails in your inbox
・bad news strikes and you have to chart emergency plans
・you are chasing too many hares at the same time and multitasking becomes a chaos
・your calendar runs out of free space for new assignments or you spend more time shifting tasks from day to day than actually doing anything
If any of these points sound familiar, you definitely have a good feel of what contributes to your work-related stress.
・你的老板进入你的房间，让你进入一个新的任务，而不考虑你在当前任务中的位置
・你的员工每隔20分钟就会有新问题出现，你无法继续前进
・你的手机响了
・你的办公桌上有一堆未回复的信件，或者收件箱里有一堆无法管理的电子邮件
・坏消息接踵而至，你必须制定应急计划
・你在同一时间追逐太多的野兔，多任务处理会变得混乱
・你的日历没有足够的空间来分配新任务，或者你每天花在转移任务上的时间比实际做任何事情都多
如果其中任何一点听起来很熟悉，那么你肯定会很清楚是什么导致了你的工作压力.
There are simple, popular and often effective solutions to most of the above problems:
・discuss with your boss the inefficiencies related to constant change and proposethe rules. Rules are the key to relationships. This refers to your marriage, business contacts and the relationship with your boss or employees
・establish the rules when you can and cannot be interrupted by your employees
・turn on your phone only in designated hours or have your secretary impose a heavy filter on the incoming phone calls (my privately favored solution: give up
・the phone entirely and use e-mail instead)
・prioritize your e-mail and correspondence. Try not to succumb to urgency and deadlines. Reconcile yourself to the fact that some e-mail will just have to wait for its turn longer than the sender would have expected
・accept the possibility of a complete turn-about in your work as a result of uncertainties. Learn to stoically plan anew and reprioritize if change is necessary
・focus and specialize. Doing too many things at the same time is bound to affect the quality. Learn to delegate jobs to others. You cannot do everything or verify everything. At some point, hands-on management will limit your chances for expansion
・clearly differentiate between tasks that must land in your calendar (e.g. due to deadlines) and tasks that may be relegated to your prioritized to-do list
以上大多数问题都有简单、流行且通常有效的解决方案：
・与上司讨论与不断变化相关的低效问题，并提出规则。规则是关系的关键。这指的是你的婚姻、商业联系以及与老板或员工的关系
・在员工可以且不能打扰的情况下制定规则
・只在指定的时间打开手机，或者让你的秘书对来电进行严格过滤（我个人喜欢的解决方案是：完全放弃手机，改用电子邮件）
・优先处理你的电子邮件和信件。尽量不要屈从于紧迫性和最后期限。让你自己接受这样一个事实，即一些电子邮件只需等待轮到它的时间比发件人预期的要长
・接受由于不确定性而导致工作完全转变的可能性。学会坚忍地重新规划，如果需要改变，重新确定优先顺序
・专注和专业化。同时做太多事情必然会影响质量。学会将工作委派给他人。你不能做每件事或验证每件事。在某个时刻，亲自管理会限制你的扩张机会
・明确区分必须在日历中完成的任务（例如，由于截止日期）和可能被归入优先待办事项列表的任务
译者注「总结：能不被打扰就尽量不被打扰，如果被打扰就重新制定计划」
利用to-do清单解决压力过大问题（Using to-do lists to tackle overstress）
To-do lists can help you overcome some of the mentioned problems:
・with a permission from your boss, set up a to-do list prioritized according to his or her own criteria. If you get a new task, let it flow down the list if its valuation cannot top the tasks at the top of the list. Discuss it sincerely with the boss
・ask your employees to set up to-do lists and handle their requests via a to-do list (see below)
・prioritize your e-mail using the to-do list metaphor, etc.
利用待办事项清单解决压力过大问题（使用待办事项清单解决压力过大问题）
待办事项清单可以帮助您克服上述一些问题：
・在得到上司许可的情况下，根据他或她自己的标准制定一份优先顺序的待办事项清单。如果你得到一个新任务，如果它的估值不能超过列表顶部的任务，就让它在列表中向下流动。和老板真诚地讨论一下
・要求员工建立待办事项清单，并通过待办事项清单处理他们的请求（见下文）
・使用“待办事项列表”等比喻，为电子邮件排定优先级。
One inherent quality of to-do lists though is their constanttendency to grow longer beyond the limits of manageability. Only those who do not careabout time-management do not know the problem of to-do list overgrowth. All the othershave their own solution to handling to-do lists (if your original own solution is notlisted here, pleaselet us know). Here aresome typical examples:
・psychologists who specialize in stress management propose:cut the bottom of your to-do listor regularly sift through it and eliminate 50% of items
・one of the greatest Polish experts on molecular mechanisms of memory, Prof. Lech Kaczmarek, surprised me once with his original solution:I do not keep notes and I do not have an appointment calendar. Whatever I forget, it could not have been important enough. Indeed, natural forgetting mechanisms may act as a good way to thin out the to-do list; however, this solution probably isn't suitable for everyone. Its main shortcoming: problems with stress management. Many of you would probably keep worrying than an important appointment, deadline or promise would not be met (with untold consequences)
・many people use stick-it notes on their desk and try to get rid of them as soon as possible. This approach will not work for people with dozens of ideas and multiple contacts. Ultimately they will do dozens unimportant things just to make sure their desk is clean of the notes. The trick is to keep a record of all ideas but work only on those that are most likely to be profitable (see later)
・the use of personal information managers (PIMs) is becoming more and more popular. All ideas can be jotted down or scheduled for execution on a given day. However, with passing time, there is an increasing volume of notes, tasks and appointments, and you may waste an increasing proportion of your time on browsing your to-do lists and rescheduling appointments. You do not need to be a procrastinator to find yourself shifting tasks from day to day again and again (dozens and perhaps even hundred times)! Shifting a task may cumulatively take more time than actually executing it in the first place!
然而，待办事项清单的一个固有特性是，它们能够持续增长，超出可管理性的限制。只有那些不在乎时间管理的人才不知道待办事项清单过度增长的问题。所有其他人都有自己的解决方案来处理待办事项列表（如果您原来的解决方案没有在这里列出，请告诉我们）。以下是一些典型的例子：
・专门研究压力管理的心理学家建议：削减待办事项清单的底部，或者定期筛选，删除50%的项目
・波兰最伟大的记忆分子机制专家之一莱赫·卡兹马雷克教授曾用他的原始解决方案让我大吃一惊：我不记笔记，也没有预约日历。不管我忘记了什么，它都不可能足够重要。事实上，自然遗忘机制可能是减少待办事项清单的好方法；然而，这种解决方案可能并不适合所有人。它的主要缺点是：压力管理方面的问题。你们中的许多人可能会一直担心一个重要的约会、最后期限或承诺无法实现（后果不言而喻）
・许多人在办公桌上贴便条，并试图尽快把它们扔掉。这种方法不适用于有几十个想法和多个联系人的人。最终，他们会做几十件不重要的事情，只是为了确保他们的办公桌上没有笔记。诀窍是记录所有想法，但只对那些最有可能盈利的想法进行操作（见下文）
・个人信息管理器（PIM）的使用越来越普遍。所有的想法都可以记录下来，或者安排在某一天执行。然而，随着时间的推移，笔记、任务和约会的数量越来越多，你可能会在浏览待办事项列表和重新安排约会上浪费越来越多的时间。你不需要成为一个拖延者，你就会发现自己每天都在一次又一次地（几十次，甚至几百次）转移任务！转移一项任务可能累积起来比一开始实际执行它需要更多的时间！
任务列表解决了工作量过大的问题！（Tasklists solve the problem of excessive workload!）
The rational approach to handling to-do lists is this:
・if the value of the task is less than the value of the time needed for its execution, forget the task
・if executing a task takes less time than writing it down, execute it or forget it
・otherwise, write down the task
・whenever possible avoid tasks that require scheduling or tasks that are limited by deadlines. This is often not possible but it usually makes your life and planning much easier. Avoiding deadlines is often a matter of lifestyle, not necessity. Check if you are not getting overly dependent on or even submissive to others. Learn to saynoand avoid promises (except:I will put it on my to-do list and do it when its time comes). Check if (unwanted) promises do not make most of your deadlines!
・if the task must be executed on a given day or at a given hour, or if the task must be executed before a certain deadline, write it down in your personal information manager in the appropriate time slot
・if the value of the task does not depend on its timing, put it on a prioritized to-do list
・prioritize your to-do list by using the value/time criterion or its equivalent. Later in this text I will use the term tasklist:A tasklist is a to-do list prioritized using the value/time criterion
处理待办事项清单的合理方法如下：
・如果任务的值小于执行任务所需的时间值，请忘记该任务
・如果执行一项任务比写下这个任务花费的时间少，那么就执行它或者忘记它
・否则，写下任务
・尽可能避免需要安排的任务或受截止日期限制的任务。这通常是不可能的，但它通常会让你的生活和计划变得更容易。避免截止日期通常是生活方式的问题，而不是必要性。检查你是否过度依赖甚至顺从他人。学会说不，避免承诺（除非：我会把它放在我的待办事项清单上，到时候再去做）。检查一下（不想要的）承诺是否不能让你在截止日期前完成！
・如果任务必须在给定的日期或时间执行，或者任务必须在特定的截止日期之前执行，请在适当的时间段将其记录在您的个人信息管理器中
・如果任务的价值不取决于它的时间安排，那么把它放在一个有优先顺序的待办事项列表上
・使用价值/时间标准或其等效标准，为你的待办事项列表排定优先级。在本文后面的部分，我将使用术语tasklist：tasklist是使用值/时间标准优先排序的待办事项列表
The value/time criterion is universal and should generally be applied to maximizing the efficiency of your actions across the board.After all, whatever your hierarchy of value, you definitely want to generate maximum value per unit time. From an investor's perspective you might ask:Why not use the profit
criterion, i.e. Revenue - Cost or equivalent?
Imagine then that you have $100 to invest and you got two tasks: one will make you buy a software package at $100 and resell it at $105. Another one will make you buy a battery at $1 and resell it at $2. Using the profit criterion, you would start from buying the software package. After all that gives you $5 as opposed to $1 in case of batteries. However, with your $100 you can buy 100 batteries and end up with $100 profit.In other words, you cannot use profit as the sorting criterion. You would rather use profit/investment criterion which would put batteries (profit/investment=1) well ahead of the software package where:profit/investment =(revenue-cost)/cost= (105-100)/100 = 0.05.
You will immediately notice that apart from the cost of batteries you should also include other costs such as the cost of your precious time! You will also notice that the value/time criterion is another way of expressing value/investment criterion (or profit/investment,etc.). Note that these are all simply different interpretations of the same thing:investment efficiency
价值/时间标准是通用的，通常应用于最大限度地提高整体行动的效率。毕竟，不管你的价值等级是什么，你肯定想在单位时间内产生最大的价值。从投资者的角度来看，你可能会问：为什么不使用利润
标准，即收入-成本或同等标准？
想象一下，你有100美元要投资，你有两个任务：一个是让你以100美元购买一个软件包，然后以105美元转售。另一个会让你以1美元的价格购买电池，然后以2美元的价格转售。使用利润标准，你可以从购买软件包开始。毕竟，电池的价格是5美元，而不是1美元。然而，用你的100美元，你可以购买100块电池，最终获得100美元的利润。换句话说，你不能用利润作为排序标准。您更愿意使用利润/投资标准，这将使电池（利润/投资=1）远远领先于软件包，其中：利润/投资=（收入成本）/成本=（105-100）/100=0.05。
你会立即注意到，除了电池的成本，你还应该包括其他成本，比如宝贵时间的成本！您还会注意到，价值/时间标准是表达价值/投资标准（或利润/投资等）的另一种方式。请注意，这些只是对同一事物的不同解释：投资效率
任务清单是压力管理的工具吗？（Are tasklists a tool of stress-management?）
If you use tasklists, you do not have to worry about your to-dolists growing beyond a thousand items! Using a rationally prioritized to-do list isanother way of admitting:You cannot do everything what others would want you to do!You cannot do everything what you yourself would want to do! Just do your best!
For many, the tasklist concept will not be appealing because of their simple lack of ability to accurately estimate the following: the value of one's time, the duration of tasks, the value generated by the successful completion of a task,etc. Without accurate valuation, tasklists will turn into quasi-randomly sorted to-do lists. In such cases, application of a tasklist might still be recommended due to the following:
・the sorting order will partly reduce the stress related to the need of browsing an unmanageable list of things to do
・the ability to assess the value of tasks and their duration develops gradually with time and the benefits coming from the use of a tasklist will grow with every passing day
如果你使用任务列表，你就不必担心你的任务列表会超过1000项！使用合理优先的待办事项清单是另一种承认的方式：你不能做别人希望你做的事情！你不能做你自己想做的一切！尽力而为！
对许多人来说，任务清单的概念不会有吸引力，因为它们简单地缺乏准确估计以下内容的能力：一个人的时间价值、任务持续时间、成功完成任务所产生的价值等。如果没有准确的评估，任务清单将变成准随机排序的待办事项清单。在这种情况下，由于以下原因，仍然建议应用任务列表：
・排序顺序将在一定程度上减轻浏览无法管理的待办事项列表的压力
・评估任务价值及其持续时间的能力随着时间的推移而逐渐发展，使用任务清单带来的好处将与日俱增
Those who do apply tasklists experience the following advantages:
・end of worry about not doing important things! If they are not done, even if they seem important, they are not done because of a simple impossibility!
・end of worry about others asking you why you do not do what they asked you do to! Present your tasklist and your valuations. As an act of courtesy, you can even increase the valuation of a task in question. If this won't push the task to the top, you will just no do it! Period!
・easiness of revaluation and reprioritizing. If things change, find a task on a list, change its valuation or timing and sort the list anew
Tasklists are an excellent stress-management tool! Ifyou disagree or simply believe tasklists are a waste of time, drop me a line. I will gladly comment upon youropinion or even add your comments to the bottom of this web page.
应用任务清单的人有以下优势：
・不要再担心没有做重要的事情了！如果他们没有完成，即使他们看起来很重要，他们没有完成，也不必焦虑因为那是你不可能做到的！
・别担心别人问你为什么不按他们的要求做！展示你的任务清单和评估。作为一种礼貌行为，你甚至可以提高相关任务的价值。如果这不能把任务推到最顶端，你就不能去做它！就这么定了！
・易于重新估价和调整优先顺序。如果情况发生变化，在列表中找到一项任务，改变其估值或时间，并重新排序列表
任务清单是一个很好的压力管理工具！如果你不同意或只是认为任务清单是浪费时间，给我写信吧。我很乐意对你的意见发表评论，甚至将你的评论添加到本网页的底部。
您可以使用什么任务列表管理器？（What tasklist manager can you use?）
Regrettably, I cannot recommend any PIM that would make it possible to sort to-do lists using the value/time criterion. I do not know one! If you do,please let me know [since publishing this article many of you recommended:Above&Beyond,which is said to provide best priority handling]
However, the good news is that ... our speed-learning software SuperMemomakes it easy to prioritize tasklists and sort them using the value/time criteria!
The reason for which tasklists have crept into SuperMemo is that they are a foundation concept for implementing the so-called reading lists. A reading list is a tasklist in which each task is an article to read.SuperMemo 99 for Windows uses reading lists to make it possible for students to easily convert knowledge available in electronic articles into knowledge that can effectively be remembered. Tasklist management is an underlying concept for reading list management, and appears to be a valuable implementation side effect that will help you use SuperMemo for handling your tasklist! In other words, you can now use SuperMemo in time-management and stress-management!
I have used tasklists for nearly a decade, and find the implementation introduced to SuperMemo an excellent boost to the program's functionality. I could only wish similar mechanisms were added to Microsoft's Outlook and other applications of this type. Although I consider MS Outlook 2000 a very good application,the availability of three priority levels on the list of tasks renders this option entirely useless from my perspective!
遗憾的是，我不能推荐任何能够使用值/时间标准对待办事项列表进行排序的PIM。我一个都不认识！如果有，请让我知道[因为发表了这篇文章，你们中的许多人都推荐：Above&Beyond，据说它提供了最佳优先级处理]
然而，好消息是。。。我们的快速学习软件SuperMemo可以轻松地对任务列表进行优先级排序，并使用价值/时间标准对其进行排序！
任务列表已经渗透到超级备忘录中的原因是它们是实现所谓的阅读列表的基础概念。阅读列表是一个任务列表，其中每个任务都是一篇要阅读的文章。SuperMemo 99 for Windows使用阅读列表，使学生能够轻松地将电子文章中的知识转换为可以有效记忆的知识。任务列表管理是阅读列表管理的一个基本概念，它似乎是一个有价值的实现副作用，将帮助您使用SuperMemo来处理任务列表！换句话说，你现在可以在时间管理和压力管理中使用SuperMemo了！
我已经使用任务列表近十年了，发现SuperMemo引入的实现对程序的功能有极好的提升。我只希望微软的Outlook和其他这类应用程序也能加入类似的机制。虽然我认为MS Outlook 2000是一个非常好的应用程序，但是在任务列表中三个优先级的可用性使得这个选项从我的角度来看完全没有用！
添加+忘记+执行（Add + Forget + Execute）
With tasklists in SuperMemo, you never have to worry that youwill miss an important idea or that storing the idea in your PIM will excessively burden your attention and waste your precious time (browsing, shifting, etc.). Tasklists help you take the only rational and psychologically sound approach to handling to-do lists:Add,
forget and execute.
Add: You can add as many tasks as you wish without adding to your mental burden or chipping away at your time
Forget: Upon adding a task, you can forget about its existence without worrying that it would never come back (if only it is important enough)
Execute: Execute tasks on your tasklist starting with those of the highest priority. You can execute only a single task in a given time slot, keep the remaining thousand tasks untouched on the list, and still be sure that you have done your best!
To simplify your valuations, you might opt for designating the same amount of time to each of your tasklists per day (or at least per week). For example, youshould set on spending no more than 90 minutes on e-mail, 70 minutes on your reading list,40 minutes on your minor tasks tasklist, etc. This will help you find the right proportions between various areas of your activity and adjust them in case long-term results do not meet you expectations in a given field
使用SuperMemo中的任务列表，你永远不必担心你会错过一个重要的想法，或者将想法存储在PIM中会过度增加你的注意力，浪费你宝贵的时间（浏览、转移等）。任务清单帮助你采取唯一理性且心理上合理的方法来处理待办事项清单：添加，
忘记并执行。
补充：你可以随心所欲地增加任务，而不会增加你的精神负担或减少你的时间
忘记：在添加任务时，你可以忘记它的存在，而不用担心它永远不会回来（只要它足够重要）
执行：从优先级最高的任务列表开始执行任务。在给定的时间段内，你只能执行一项任务，保持列表中剩余的1000项任务不变，同时确保你已经尽了最大努力！
为了简化评估，您可以选择每天（或至少每周）为每个任务列表指定相同的时间。例如，你应该在电子邮件上花费不超过90分钟，在阅读清单上花费不超过70分钟，在次要任务清单上花费不超过40分钟，等等。这将帮助你在活动的各个领域中找到正确的比例，并在长期结果达不到你在某个领域的期望时进行调整
任务列表示例（Tasklist examples）
If, for example, you would like to regularly expand yourencyclopedic knowledge about facts you encounter in the news, on the net or in conversation with other people, you might create a tasklist that looks as presented below. You might then spend 10-20 minutes of your day with a CD-ROM encyclopedia looking individual entries up and importing them to your reading list. Creating such a tasklist as below would help you avoid rushing through individual entries without sufficient in-depth analysis while still being sure that you start off from most important positions.Task is the name of the entry or concept you want to understand better.Value is the dollar value you put on getting the new knowledge.Time is the time it will take to locate and read the entry in your encyclopedia or on the Internet (or other sources).Priority tells you how much value are you generating per hour of your knowledge hunt:
例如，如果你想定期扩展你在新闻、网络或与他人对话中遇到的事实的百科全书式知识，你可以创建一个任务列表，如下所示。然后，你可能每天花10-20分钟在CD-ROM百科全书上查找各个条目，并将它们导入阅读列表。创建如下这样一个任务列表将帮助你避免在没有充分深入分析的情况下匆忙完成单个条目，同时确保你从最重要的职位开始。Task是您希望更好地理解的条目或概念的名称。价值是你为获得新知识而付出的金钱价值。时间是指在百科全书或互联网（或其他来源）上查找和阅读条目所需的时间。优先级告诉你每小时的知识搜寻会产生多少价值：
译者注：表格由上而下排列为
Descartes笛卡尔
Newton牛顿
History of computers计算机史
Saddam Hussein萨达姆·侯赛因
Tahiti塔希提岛（南太平洋的大岛）
Prophet Muhammad先知默罕默德
Logical positivists逻辑实证主义者
History of education教育史
B.F.Skinner斯金纳
PLO巴勒斯坦解放组织
Franciscans方济会
Mikhail Gorbachev米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫
Quantum Mechanics量子力学
Reign of Terror恐怖统治
spina bifida脊柱裂
Orthodox Christianity东正教
Tschaikovsky柴可夫斯基
Idi Amin阿明
If you would like to rationalize your spending, you might create a shopping list based on the expected daily savings in your time.Item is the item to buy.Savings is your expected daily time you would save as a result of purchasing the item. For example, if you subscribe to Scientific Discoveries channel you might end up spending 20 minutes per day on watching Science News and get back 28 minutes through your enhanced knowledge, which would result in a net gain of 8minutes (those estimations might be highly subjective but ... they provide a rational underpinnings of your shopping list).Price is the price of a given product.Priority tells you how many minutes per day you would actually save per dollar of your spending.
如果你想合理化你的消费，你可以根据你每天节省的时间创建一个购物清单。物品就是要买的物品。节省的时间是你购买物品后所能节省的预期每日时间。例如，如果你订阅了科学发现频道，你可能会每天花20分钟看科学新闻，然后通过增强知识获得28分钟的回报，这将导致8分钟的净收益（这些估计可能非常主观，但……它们为你的购物清单提供了合理的基础）。价格是给定产品的价格。优先级告诉你每天每一美元的花费能节省多少分钟。
译者注「他说的有点绕，他的意思就是比如说你原先用一个十美元的手动剃须刀每天使用20分钟，但是现在如果你买一个20美元电动剃须刀5分钟就能结束。诸如此类提高效率的购物很多所以需要通过比较时间/价值来确立优先级」
译者注：由上而下
Item项目
SuperMemo 99
Scientific Discoveries channel科学发现频道
Subscription to PC World订阅PC世界
Electric shaver电动剃须刀
CD-ROM Dictionary CD-ROM字典
Water filter滤水器
WinCE computer WinCE计算机
Electric balance电子天平
New in-line skates新型直列溜冰鞋
If you are shopping for your favorite music compact discs at CDNow.com, you could rank the music and see how much value you get per dollar:
如果你正在CDNow购买你最喜欢的音乐光盘。com，你可以对音乐进行排名，看看每一美元能带来多少价值：
译者注：全是专辑名不必在意
Most of all, you will want to create tasklists for scheduling your daily tasks, tasks for your employees, tasks that make up your projects, etc.
For example, the implementation list for SuperMemo is over 2000 tasks long.Most of the ideas come from users of SuperMemo but only a small proportion can actually be put into effect due to the limitations of the implementation cycle in terms of resources,time, deadlines, etc. The implementation cycle begins with selecting key features of the new version (e.g. reading lists in SuperMemo 99). Once these are designed and skeletally implemented, further implementation proceeds strictly along the implementation tasklist.Gradually, the 2000-long list of items is being shortened by adding new features to SuperMemo or by moving tasks to the next release (which is a separate tasklist). Once SuperMemo enters beta-testing, all features that are not labeled as bugs are moved to the next version's tasklist. Finally, once all bugs are processed, the current version's tasklist becomes empty, and a new version of SuperMemo is ready for release. The tasklist for the next version includes all new beta-tester and customer propositions as well as the long list of tasks inherited from and not implemented in the previous version.
最重要的是，你需要创建任务列表来安排你的日常任务、员工任务、组成项目的任务等。
例如，SuperMemo的实现列表超过2000个任务。大多数想法来自SuperMemo的用户，但由于实施周期在资源、时间、截止日期等方面的限制，只有一小部分能够真正付诸实施。实施周期从选择新版本的关键功能（例如SuperMemo 99中的阅读列表）开始。一旦设计并基本实现了这些功能，进一步的实现将严格按照实现任务清单进行。通过向SuperMemo添加新功能或将任务转移到下一个版本（这是一个单独的任务列表），2000个项目的列表逐渐缩短。一旦SuperMemo进入beta测试，所有未标记为Bug的功能都会被转移到下一个版本的任务列表中。最后，一旦处理完所有bug，当前版本的任务列表将变为空，新版本的SuperMemo即将发布。下一个版本的任务列表包括所有新的beta tester和客户建议，以及从上一个版本继承而来的、未在上一个版本中实现的一长串任务。
An important example of a tasklist is a tasklist with tasks for your employee (each employee should have his or her own tasklist in your collection). The value of the task can naturally be measured in dollars (or other currency). Selecting the time field is more tricky though. If you value your time highly, you might tend to record only your own time needed to explain the task and supervise its execution or inspect the results. However, this will give preference to highly valued tasks that need little of your attention but may otherwise be long-drawn and wasteful. This will tend to act as a way of getting rid of an employee by giving him or her arduous jobs that may last for hours or days. It will cost you little except for being wasteful in terms of the employee's time. Naturally, you cannot use the time of your employee as the time attribute of the task because the expenditure of your time is unlikely to be negligible. The only rational solution is to combine the times you and your employee will need to execute the task. Obviously you will want to multiply your time by an appropriate value to express the likely case of your caring more about your own time than about the time of your employee. A 10-fold difference in valuation would not be surprising. It is the privilege of a boss to feel important. A more convenient solution would be to convert your time to dollars and your employee's time to dollars and simply add the two dollar numbers.
任务列表的一个重要示例是包含员工任务的任务列表（每个员工在您的集合中都应该有自己的任务列表）。任务的价值自然可以用美元（或其他货币）来衡量。不过，选择时间域更为棘手。如果你高度重视自己的时间，你可能倾向于只记录自己解释任务、监督任务执行或检查结果所需的时间。然而，这将优先考虑那些高度重视的任务，这些任务不需要你太多的关注，但可能会拖得很长，浪费时间。这往往是通过给员工提供可能持续数小时或数天的艰巨工作来摆脱员工的一种方式。除了浪费员工的时间外，这几乎不需要花费你什么。当然，您不能将员工的时间用作任务的时间属性，因为您的时间花费不太可能可以忽略不计。唯一合理的解决方案是将您和您的员工执行任务所需的时间结合起来。显然，你会想将你的时间乘以一个合适的值，以表达你更关心自己的时间而不是员工的时间的可能情况。估值相差10倍也不足为奇。感到自己很重要是老板的特权。一个更方便的解决方案是将您的时间转换为美元，将员工的时间转换为美元，然后简单地将两个美元数字相加。
The number of applications of tasklists is endless. You can list things to find on the net, gardening chores, your wife's requests for things to fix in the house, letters to write, books to buy, and many more. You can even keep your own pop-charts as a tasklist (ignoring the time field). Once you develop the ability to quickly evaluate your time and the value of things in your life, you may find tasklists indispensable. With tasklists you will always live in comfort of doing things optimally: at work and privately at home If you have an interesting example of a tasklist, please let me know
任务列表的应用程序数不胜数。你可以在网上列出要找的东西、园艺杂务、你妻子要求在家里修缮的东西、要写的信、要买的书等等。你甚至可以将自己的流行图表作为任务列表（忽略时间字段）。一旦你培养了快速评估时间和生活中事物价值的能力，你可能会发现任务清单不可或缺。有了任务清单，你将永远生活在以最佳方式做事的舒适之中：无论是在工作中还是在家中。如果你有一个有趣的任务清单示例，请告诉我
You can use SuperMemo 99 for Windows to keep a number of tasklists. For more information see:Tasklist Manager
This is how tasklists look in SuperMemo 99:
你可以使用SuperMemo 99 for Windows来保存许多任务列表。有关更多信息，请参阅任务列表管理器
这是SuperMemo 99中任务列表的外观：
译者注：
Resistance in Hemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性
Click and Mortar 点击和迫击炮
Auto-dealers should not ignore the net汽车经销商不应该忽视网络
Baekeland贝克兰
Cortisol皮质醇
Gamma waves in the brain大脑中的伽马波
Cancer prevention through diet通过饮食预防癌症
Back to the real world回到现实世界
Small secrets to big success大成功的小秘密
Poor customer service on the net网络上糟糕的客户服务
Prostate前列腺
Cefuroxime-microbiology头孢呋辛微生物学
Toxic algae in Lake Washington华盛顿湖有毒藻类
Mormons摩门教徒
Energy shortages能源短缺
Chronic pneumonia慢性肺炎
Socks and sleep袜子和睡眠
GDP growth in the US美国的GDP增长
Quinine奎宁
Software piracy on auctions拍卖中的软件盗版
Sad attitudes may be unhealthy悲伤的态度可能是不健康的
Inprise revenues增加收入
Me-too commerce is dead我也是商业已死
English idioms英语习语
Dangers of sunscreen防晒霜的危险
Eye correction news眼睛矫正新闻
Kidney stones prevention肾结石的预防
To find out more about the science of stress management see:The Medical Basis of Stress, Depression, Anxiety, Sleep Problems, and Drug Use
See also:Tasklist FAQ
要了解更多关于压力管理的科学知识，请参阅：压力、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠的医学基础问题和药物使用
另请参见：任务列表常见问题解答
