一、虚机主机的三种方式
1、基于IP
2、基于IP+端口
3、基于域名
官网文档：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
二、安装Apache
1、系统环境
注意：网卡名是eno16777736，不是eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# ip ad
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
valid_lft 1388sec preferred_lft 1388sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2、yum安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
*****
======================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
======================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-80.el7.centos base 2.7 M
为依赖而安装:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 base 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-80.el7.centos base 89 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
***
已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos
作为依赖被安装:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
完毕！
可以查看安装了内容
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd | less
3、配置Selinux文件，SELINUX=disabled。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
# 或者临时关闭
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
4、关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
5、启动httpd服务，访问测试
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
三、修改主配置文件
1、查看apache主配置文件，确保存在以下配置，因为等下需要在conf.d/创建虚机主机配置。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
2、另外，把 Require all denied默认拒绝访问设置为允许访问： Require all granted，方便测试。
<Directory />
AllowOverride none
# Require all denied
Require all granted
</Directory>
四、新增虚拟主机配置文件
1、添加基于多个IP的虚拟主机
1）创建配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>
ServerName a.com
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/" #网页路径
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.253.129:80>
ServerName b.com
DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/" #网页路径
</VirtualHost>
2）网卡绑定多个IP（我的网卡名是eno16777736，不是eth0）
[root@localhost conf.d]# ip addr add 192.168.253.129 dev eno16777736
[root@localhost conf.d]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
valid_lft 1542sec preferred_lft 1542sec
inet 192.168.253.129/32 scope global eno16777736
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>
4）检查配置文件是否正常
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
5）重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
6）打开浏览器，查看结果
2、配置基于IP+端口的虚拟主机
1）创建配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>
ServerName a.com
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:8080>
ServerName b.com
DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"
</VirtualHost>
2）修改httpd主配置文件，在Listen 80下面添加一行监控8080端口
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 8080
3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>
4）检查配置文件
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
5）重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
6）打开浏览器，查看结果
3、基于域名的虚拟主机
1）创建配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName a.com
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName b.com
DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"
</VirtualHost>
2）修改物理主机hosts文件（C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc），因为这里是因为物理机去访问Apache服务器
添加：
192.168.253.128 a.com
192.168.253.128 b.com
3）物理主机ping域名测试
4）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>
5）检查配置文件
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
6）重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
7）打开浏览器，查看结果
五、扩展虚机主机配置文件
1、先修改回apache主配置文件，设置 Require all denied默认拒绝访问
<Directory />
AllowOverride none
Require all denied
</Directory>
这时候再去访问以上的三种配置虚机主机，会全部访问不了。因此需要针对虚机目录设置访问权限。
2、修改虚拟主机配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
#绑定的主域
ServerName a.com
#绑定的子域名
ServerAlias www.test.com
#网站主目录
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
#错误日志目录
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
#访问日志目录
CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
<Directory "www/a.com/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
#允许任意访问
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
3、创建日志目录
[root@localhost b.com]# cd /var/log/httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# mkdir a.com
[root@localhost httpd]# ll
总用量 60
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37976 1月 23 22:26 access_log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 1月 23 22:41 a.com
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17795 1月 23 22:38 error_log
[root@localhost httpd]# cd a.com/
[root@localhost a.com]# touch error.log
[root@localhost a.com]# touch access.log
# 日志目录记得更改属主和属组为Apache，否则httpd启动失败
[root@localhost httpd]# chown -R apache:apache a.com/
4、配置指定IP可以访问虚拟主机（可以单个IP，也可以是一个网段）
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
#绑定的主域
ServerName a.com
#绑定的子域名
ServerAlias www.test.com
#网站主目录
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
#错误日志目录
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
#访问日志目录
CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
<Directory "www/a.com/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
#允许任意访问
Require ip 192.168.253.0/24
</Directory>
5、配置指定用户可以访问虚拟主机
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
#绑定的主域
ServerName a.com
#绑定的子域名
ServerAlias www.test.com
#网站主目录
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
#错误日志目录
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
#访问日志目录
CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
<Directory "www/a.com/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride authconfig
AuthType basic
AuthName "Restrict area"
AuthUserFile "etc/httpd/.htpasswd"
Require valid-user
</Directory>
创建用户文件，第一次创建的时候要加-c，以后创建都不用加-c，否则会覆盖原数据
[root@localhost conf.d]# pwd
/etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -h
htpasswd: illegal option -- h
Usage:
htpasswd [-cimBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username
htpasswd -b[cmBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username password
htpasswd -n[imBdps] [-C cost] username
htpasswd -nb[mBdps] [-C cost] username password
-c Create a new file.
-n Don't update file; display results on stdout.
-b Use the password from the command line rather than prompting for it.
-i Read password from stdin without verification (for script usage).
-m Force MD5 encryption of the password (default).
-B Force bcrypt encryption of the password (very secure).
-C Set the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm
(higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).
-d Force CRYPT encryption of the password (8 chars max, insecure).
-s Force SHA encryption of the password (insecure).
-p Do not encrypt the password (plaintext, insecure).
-D Delete the specified user.
-v Verify password for the specified user.
On other systems than Windows and NetWare the '-p' flag will probably not work.
The SHA algorithm does not use a salt and is less secure than the MD5 algorithm.
[root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/.htpasswd tom
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user tom
重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
在浏览器测试登录
6、Require参考
Require all granted
无条件允许访问。
Require all denied
访问被无条件拒绝。
Require env env-var [env-var] ...
只有在给定的环境变量之一被设置的情况下才允许访问。
Require method http-method [http-method] ...
只有给定的HTTP方法才允许访问。
Require expr expression
如果表达式计算结果为true，则允许访问。
Require user userid [userid] ...
只有指定的用户才能访问资源。
Require group group-name [group-name] ...
只有指定组中的用户才能访问资源。
Require valid-user
所有有效的用户都可以访问资源。
Require ip 10 172.20 192.168.2
指定IP地址范围内的客户端可以访问资源。
7、Options
None:不支持任何选项
Indexes：允许索引目录
FollowSymLinks：允许访问符号链接指向的原文件
Includes：允许执行服务端包含（SSI）
ExecCGI：允许允许CGI脚本
ALL：支持所有选项
