最近与人瞎聊,聊到各大厂的面试题,其中有一个就是用java实现单链表反转。闲来无事,决定就这个问题进行一番尝试。
1.准备链表
准备一个由DataNode组成的单向链表,DataNode如下:
public class DataNode {
private int data;
private DataNode next;
public int getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
public DataNode getNext() {
return next;
}
public void setNext(DataNode next) {
this.next = next;
}
public DataNode(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
构造链表
public class DataChain {
private DataNode head;
public DataChain(int size) {
DataNode head = new DataNode(0);
DataNode cur = head;
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
DataNode tmp = new DataNode(i);
cur.setNext(tmp);
cur = tmp;
}
this.head = head;
}
public DataNode getHead() {
return head;
}
public void setHead(DataNode head) {
this.head = head;
}
public static void printChain(DataNode head) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
DataNode cur = head;
sb.append(cur.getData());
while (null != cur.getNext()) {
sb.append(" -> ");
sb.append(cur.getNext().getData());
cur = cur.getNext();
}
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
public static void main(String... strings) {
DataChain chain = new DataChain(10);
printChain(chain.getHead());
}
}
运行main方法,即构造了一个包含10个node节点的单链表。
#运行结果
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
2.通过递归实现单链表反转
考虑到代码的简洁性,首先考虑的是通过递归实现。
/**
* 递归实现 当栈深度大于12000 则会出现StakOverflowError
*
* @param head
* @return
*/
public static DataNode reverse1(DataNode head) {
if (null == head || null == head.getNext())
return head;
DataNode revHead = reverse1(head.getNext());
head.getNext().setNext(head);
head.setNext(null);
return revHead;
}
以上即是递归实现的源码,但是需要考虑的问题是递归都在java栈中进行,需要考虑jdk支持的栈的深度。在jdk1.8.0_91版本中,当上述链表长度大于12000则会出现StackOverFlowError错误。说明对于该版本jdk栈的深度不能大于12000。
3.通过遍历实现
最通用的实现方式就是遍历。
/**
* 遍历实现 通用实现方法
*
* @param head
* @return
*/
public static DataNode reverse2(DataNode head) {
if (null == head || null == head.getNext())
return head;
DataNode pre = head;
DataNode cur = head.getNext();
while (null != cur.getNext()) {
DataNode tmp = cur.getNext();
cur.setNext(pre);
pre = cur;
cur = tmp;
}
cur.setNext(pre);
head.setNext(null);
return cur;
}
4.借助stack实现
考虑到stack具有先进后出这一特性,因此可以借助于stack数据结构来实现单向链表的反转。
/**
* 方法3 利用其他数据结构 stack
* @param head
* @return
*/
public static DataNode reverse3(DataNode head) {
Stack<DataNode> stack = new Stack<DataNode>();
for (DataNode node = head; null != node; node = node.getNext()) {
stack.add(node);
}
DataNode reHead = stack.pop();
DataNode cur = reHead;
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
cur.setNext(stack.pop());
cur = cur.getNext();
cur.setNext(null);
}
return reHead;
}
上述实现方法在于操作简单,对于算法并不精通的同学可以尝试。缺点在于需要通过其他数据结构实现,效率会降低,至于效率会降低到什么程度,后面举例说明。
5.三种实现方式效率分析
public static void main(String... strings) {
int size = 10;
DataChain chain1 = new DataChain(size);
printChain(chain1.getHead());
long reverse1_start = System.currentTimeMillis();
DataNode reNode1 = reverse1(chain1.getHead());
long reverse1_cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - reverse1_start;
printChain(reNode1);
System.out.println("reverse1 cost time is ["+reverse1_cost+"]ms");
DataChain chain2 = new DataChain(size);
printChain(chain2.getHead());
long reverse2_start = System.currentTimeMillis();
DataNode reNode2 = reverse2(chain2.getHead());
long reverse2_cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - reverse2_start;
printChain(reNode2);
System.out.println("reverse2 cost time is ["+reverse2_cost+"]ms");
DataChain chain3 = new DataChain(size);
printChain(chain3.getHead());
long reverse3_start = System.currentTimeMillis();
DataNode reNode3 = reverse3(chain3.getHead());
long reverse3_cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - reverse3_start;
printChain(reNode3);
System.out.println("reverse3 cost time is ["+reverse3_cost+"]ms");
}
执行结果:
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
9 -> 8 -> 7 -> 6 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0
reverse1 cost time is [0]ms
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
9 -> 8 -> 7 -> 6 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0
reverse2 cost time is [0]ms
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
9 -> 8 -> 7 -> 6 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0
reverse3 cost time is [1]ms
在上述代码基础上,去掉打印输出,将size改为10000,结果如下:
reverse1 cost time is [1]ms
reverse2 cost time is [0]ms
reverse3 cost time is [6]ms
可以看出reverse2 明显优于其他两种实现方法。考虑到reverse1最多只支持12000,因此将size改为100000时,再观察reverse2和reverse3之间的执行结果:
reverse2 cost time is [6]ms
reverse3 cost time is [25]ms
因此可以看出,最好的方法是采用遍历的方式进行反转。