Ⅰ、Vocabulary

1、mint

意思： to produce something new, especially to invent a new phrase or word 创造（尤指新词语）

原文： What newly minted words is it O.K. to use, and who is to be the judge?

造句：What we need is jus a freshly minted slogan.

2、exclusive

意思： ADJ 形容词 独用的;独有的;独享的 Something that is exclusive is used or owned by only one person or group, and not shared with anyone else.

原文：Scholarship hath no fury like that of a language purist faced with sludge, and I shared Tuchman's vow that "author" should never be authorized, just as I agreed with Lewisthe Mumford that the adverb "good"should be "left as the exclusive property of Ernest Hemingway.

造句： Many of their cheeses are exclusive to our stores in Britain.

3、lumber

意思： VERB 动词 （缓慢而笨拙地）挪动，移动 If someone or something lumbers from one place to another, they move there very slowly and clumsily.

原文： But that didn't mean we hadto accept every atrocity that comes lumbering in.

造句： He looked straight ahead and overtook a lumbering lorry.

4、redress

意思： VERB 动词 矫正;纠正;改正 If you redress something such as a wrong or a complaint, you do something to correct it or to improve things for the person who has been badly treated.

原文：...even the insurance industry is trying to rewrite its policies to tell us in less disastrous English what redress will be ours when disaster strikes.

造句： More and more victims turn to litigation to redress wrongs done to them.

5、escalate

意思： V-ERG 及物/不及物动词 （使）扩大;（使）恶化;（使）升级 If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.

原文： New usages also arrive with new political events. Just as Vietnam gave us "escalate,"...

造句： Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.

6、vibration

意思： continuous quick, slight shaking movement 持续振动；轻微抖动

原文： Trust your material if it's taking you into terrain you didn't intend to enter but where the vibrations are good.

造句： The vibrations of the vehicles rattled the shop windows.

Ⅱ、Reflection

1、If brevity is a prize, these were winners. The only trouble with accepting words that entered the language overnight is that they often leave just as abruptly.

2、 That's where all careful writers ought to be—looking atevery new piece of flotsam that washes up and asking "Do we need it?"

3、That's normal—the act of writing generates some cluster of thoughts or memories that you didn't anticipate. Don't fight such a current if it feels right. Trust your material if it's taking you into terrain you didn't intend to enter but where the vibrations are good. Adjust your style accordinglyand proceed to whatever destination you reach. Don't ever become the prisoner of a preconceived plan. Writing is no respecter of blueprints.

Zinsser的文字读多了，会发现他在用词方面很喜欢运用暗喻、借喻等修辞，这样的好处一来是时语言形象生动了，同时也省去了很多干枯语言去解释，这样，文字自然就简洁了。

写作的时候有时候会有所谓的“文思泉涌”，这种思想、灵感的涌动一方面是好的，因为这是你最真实的情感，follow your heart，自然会使你的灵感变成好的材料诉诸笔端；但另一方面，这些一时的“激情”又是杂乱的，需要你不断调整、整理，才能写出真正的好文字。