【转载】谈谈美国的县市合一(Uni-Gov )

原文:

Uni-Gov - 

the consolidation of Indianapolis and Marion County governments 

Updated: 5-20-1984 

On Jan. 1, 1970, the city of Indianapolis expanded its boundaries to include all of Marion County. This consolidation was called unified government or Uni-Gov.

Many units of city and county government were consolidated into one civil government, including the City Council and the County Council which joined to become the City-County Council. The structure of Uni-Gov was divided into three branches similar to the federal government: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch.

The executive branch includes the mayor, deputy mayors, which the mayor appoints, and six departments: Administration, Metropolitan Development, Public Works, Transportation, Public Safety and Parks and Recreation . The executive branch carries out the day-to-day operations of the city. Each of its six departments has a director appointed by the mayor and approved by the City-County Council. Each department has an appointed board of directors which approves all contracts and department budgets before they are submitted to the City-County Council. The appointed board members are not paid, and the board meetings are open to the public.

The legislative branch of Uni-Gov is the City-County Council. It has exclusive power to adopt budgets, levy taxes and make appropriations. The council can enact, repeal, or amend local laws (ordinances). Its 29 members have appointive powers and they confirm the mayor's appointments.

The judicial branch consists of a Circuit Court, a Superior Court, a Municipal Court and a Small Claims Court. 

Not all functions of local government were absorbed by Uni-Gov:

Excluded cities and towns. The cities of Beech Grove, Lawrence and Southport and the town of Speedway were not annexed into the Consolidated City of Indianapolis. These municipalities are called excluded cities and towns. In addition to voting for the mayors and councils of their respective cities and towns, residents can also vote for the mayor of Indianapolis plus a City-County Council member and four at-large council members. This arrangement was passed because residents are obligated to pay many countywide taxes and the mayor's powers extend to the entire county.

Included towns. There were 16 towns in Marion County with fewer than 5,000 people that elected to retain town status as defined by the state constitution. They are, however, included for governmental purposes in the Consolidated City of Indianapolis.

Townships. In each of the nine townships in Marion County there is an elected township assessor, township trustee and a three-member advisory board. The nine townships are: 

CENTER 

DECATUR FRANKLIN LAWRENCE PERRY 

PIKE WARREN WASHINGTON 

WAYNE 

School districts. There are 11 school districts Marion County. Each determines its own budget and policy within state law. 

Independent municipal corporations. There are six independent municipal corporations largely unaffected by Uni-Gov: the Capital Improvement Board, Health and Hospital Corp., Indianapolis Airport Authority, Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library, Indianapolis Public Transportation Corp. and the Indianapolis-Marion County Building Authority.

County offices of assessor, auditor, coroner, prosecutor, sheriff, surveyor, recorder, treasurer and clerk of the circuit court (county clerk). All of these offices, except the assessor, were written into the state constitution and cannot be eliminated unless the constitution is amended. When Uni-Gov was formed, Marion County government did not fade away, and the county still exists as a separate entity.

Marion County Department of Public Welfare. The Department of Public Welfare administers welfare services under the supervision of the Indiana Department of Public Welfare.

Police and fire special service districts. The jurisdiction of the Indianapolis police and fire departments were changed very little by the Uni-Gov act, although the law did allow for subsequent expansion of the special service districts .


翻译:

1970年1月,印第安纳波利斯市扩大边界包含进了全部的马里昂(Marion)县,这样的合并就做联合政府(unified government or Uni-Gov)。

许多市和县的政府部门被合并为一个政府部分,包括市议会(Council)和县议会被合并成为市县联合议会。联合政府的结构被分成三个部分,类似于联邦政府:行政部门、立法部分和司法部门。

行政部门包括市长、由市长任命的副市长和六个局:行政管理局、都市发展局、公共事务局、交通局、公安局和娱乐休闲局。行政部门执行每日的行政管理。六个局的局长由市长任命,市县联合议会批准。每个局都有一个任命的委员会(board of directors),负责批准所有的合同和提交市县联合议会之前的局预算。任命的委员会成员没有薪水,委员会会议对公众开放。

市县联合政府的立法部门是市县联合议会。它对批准预算、征税和拨款有绝对的权力。它可以制定、废除法律、修改地方法令。它的29个议员有任命权,可以批准市长的提名。

司法部门由一个巡回法院、一个高级法院、一个市镇法庭和一个小额索赔法庭组成。

并不是所有的地方政府职能都被市县联合政府吸收了。

例外的市镇

榉树林(Beech Grove)市、劳伦斯(Lawrence)市和南港(Southport)市以及斯比德威(Speedway)镇并没有被合并入统一的印第安纳波利斯市政府,这些市镇被称为是例外的市镇。这些市镇的居民投票选举各自市镇的市长、镇长和市镇议会,同时也投票选举印第安纳波利斯市的市长和市县联合议会议员,最多4名。这样的安排是因为这些居民交了很多县税,并且印第安纳波利斯市的市政权力已经扩展到了整个县。

包含的镇

一共有16个镇,涉及小于5000居民,选择根据州宪法保留镇的法律地位。但是,它们被包含在合一的印第安纳波利斯市中。

在马里昂县的九个乡中,每个乡都有一个选举出来的乡审核员(township assessor),理事(trustee)和3人组成的咨议会(advisory board)。

学区

马里昂县一共有11个学区。根据州法,它们各自决定自己的预算和政策。

独立的市镇法人团体

一共有6个独立的市镇法人团体几乎没有受到市县联合政府的影响,它们是:资金管理会(Capital Improvement Board)、健康和医疗集团(Health and Hospital Corp.)、印第安纳波利斯机场管理局(Indianapolis Airport Authority)、印第安纳波利斯-马里昂县公共图书馆(Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library)、印第安纳波利斯公共交通集团(Indianapolis Public Transportation Corp.)以及印第安纳波利斯-马里昂县建设管理局(Indianapolis-Marion County Building Authority)。

县政府的审核员、审计员、验尸员、检察官、治安官、检察员、记录员、财务员和巡回法院中的职员(县的职员)

所有这些公务员,除了审核员,根据州宪法都不能被撤销,除非州宪法被修改。当市县联合政府成立时,马里昂县政府并没有消失,仍然作为一个独立的机构存在。

马里昂县公共福利局

该局在州公共福利局的监督下提供福利服务。

警察区和消防区

市县联合法案几乎没有改变警察区和消防区的管辖,尽管法律允许这种变动。


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