opencv2.4.9 & VS2013环境
一个简单的问题:
在图中找出两条直线,并找到两条直线交点位置。
思路:
读图,二值化,简单腐蚀,之后直线在原图中比较明显,所以考虑直接用霍夫变换寻找直线。
霍夫直线检测可能会检测出多条重叠直线,利用上下两部分直线斜率相反筛选一下,选出两条直线。
3)两条直线求交点,变为解二元一次方程问题。
4)画出结果
实现:
1)调用opencv中的HoughLinesP函数:
void HoughLinesP( InputArray image, OutputArray lines,
double rho, double theta, int threshold,
double minLineLength=0, double maxLineGap=0 );
image为输入图像,要求是8位单通道图像
lines为输出的直线向量,每条线用4个元素表示,即直线的两个端点的4个坐标值
rho和theta分别为距离和角度的分辨率
threshold为阈值,即步骤3中的阈值
minLineLength为最小直线长度,在步骤5中要用到,即如果小于该值,则不被认为是一条直线
maxLineGap为最大直线间隙,在步骤4中要用到,即如果有两条线段是在一条直线上,但它们之间因为有间隙,所以被认为是两个线段,如果这个间隙大于该值,则被认为是两条线段,否则是一条。
2)检测出的直线为Vec4i类型,一共四位数。分别代表直线上的(x1,y1,x2,y2),求出每条直线写了,Ka * kB<0即代表两条直线鞋履相反
3)利用四个点坐标解方程,返回point2f类型的一个点
4)利用Line()以及circle()函数画出图像
上代码:
/*Copyright:ZhenYM @ Harbin Institute of Technology; Nov,29, 2017*/
# include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
# include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
/*函数功能:求两条直线交点*/
/*输入:两条Vec4i类型直线*/
/*返回:Point2f类型的点*/
Point2f getCrossPoint(Vec4i LineA, Vec4i LineB)
{
double ka, kb;
ka = (double)(LineA[3] - LineA[1]) / (double)(LineA[2] - LineA[0]); //求出LineA斜率
kb = (double)(LineB[3] - LineB[1]) / (double)(LineB[2] - LineB[0]); //求出LineB斜率
Point2f crossPoint;
crossPoint.x = (ka*LineA[0] - LineA[1] - kb*LineB[0] + LineB[1]) / (ka - kb);
crossPoint.y = (ka*kb*(LineA[0] - LineB[0]) + ka*LineB[1] - kb*LineA[1]) / (ka - kb);
return crossPoint;
}
int main(){
Mat src, grayImg, binImg, result;
src = imread("./1.jpg");
//imshow("srcimage", src);
//waitKey(30);
/*检查图像是否载入*/
if (src.empty()) {
printf("Error Loading Image...\n");
return -1;
}
/*转为灰度图*/
if (src.channels() == 3){
cvtColor(src, grayImg, CV_BGR2GRAY);
}
else if (src.channels() == 2){
grayImg = src.clone();
}
/*二值化*/
threshold(grayImg, binImg, 100, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
//adaptiveThreshold(grayImg, binImg, 255, ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, THRESH_BINARY, 15, -2);
//imshow("binary image", binImg);
//waitKey(100);
/*腐蚀*/
Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(2, 1));
Mat erodeImg;
erode(binImg, erodeImg, element);
//imshow("erode", erodeImg);
//waitKey(100);
/*霍夫直线检测*/
vector<Vec4i> Lines;
HoughLinesP(erodeImg, Lines, 1, CV_PI / 360, 200, 100, 10);
Vec4i LineStand = Lines[0];
Vec4i LineAnother;
double ka = (double)(LineStand[1] - LineStand[3]) / (double)(LineStand[0] - LineStand[2]);
double kb;
for (int i = 1; i < Lines.size(); i++)
{
double ki = (double)(Lines[i][1] - Lines[i][3]) / (double)(Lines[i][0] - Lines[i][2]);
if (ki*ka < 0)
{
LineAnother = Lines[i];
kb = ki;
}
}
/*画出两条直线*/
result = src.clone();
line(result, Point(LineStand[0], LineStand[1]), Point(LineStand[2], LineStand[3]), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8);
line(result, Point(LineAnother[0], LineAnother[1]), Point(LineAnother[2], LineAnother[3]), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8);
cout << "直线A过点(" << LineStand[0] << "," << LineStand[1] << ")以及点(" << LineStand[2]<<","<<LineStand[3] << ");斜率为:" << ka << endl;
cout << "直线B过点(" << LineAnother[0] << "," << LineAnother[1] << ")以及点(" << LineAnother[2] << "," << LineAnother[3] << ");斜率为:" << kb << endl;
/*求交点并画点保存,result.jpg存储在工程目录下*/
Point2f crossPoint;
crossPoint = getCrossPoint(LineStand, LineAnother);
circle(result, crossPoint, 6, Scalar(255, 0, 0));
imwrite("./result.jpg", result);
cout << "Copyrigth@zym" << endl;
cout << "交点坐标为:" << crossPoint << endl;
imshow("result", result);
waitKey(100);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果: