今年以来,已有多家长租公寓相继“爆雷”(go bankrupt)(注意是爆雷,不是暴雷,前者是金融术语,后者是气象术语),蛋壳公寓最为典型,许多租客无家可归,这一问题在网上迅速引发了热议。
我在外刊上看到了相关的报道,今天“高斋外刊双语精读”就分享大家看看。今天这个笔记简单,以单词解析为主,毕竟都太细了,大家可能看着也累,O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
01
蛋壳等长租公寓的模式
原文:
Leasing platforms have pursued aggressive business models. Many would pay market rates to acquire apartments and then charge renters a lower price to grow market share. Another common practice aimed at improving cash flow was to pay landlords each month but collect six or more months of rents in advance from tenants.
调整后的ft译文:
租赁平台采取了激进的商业模式。许多平台会以市场价拿下公寓,再以较低价格出租给租户,目的是扩大市场份额。另一种改善现金流的常见做法是租金按月付给房东,但向租户提前收取6个月甚至更长时间的租金。
1. 一词多义:pursue在这里表示“采取;实行;践行;实施;贯彻”,这个词在CATTI和MTI备考资料报告或一些讲话中很常见,如政府报告中这句:
财政政策要更加积极有效。
We will pursue a more proactive and effective fiscal policy.
2. 熟词偏意:market rates是一个专业术语,表示“市场价格;市价”。这里重点讲一下rate这个词。rate作名词除了常见的“速率;比例”含义外,还可以表示“价格;费用”。我在外刊精读翻译就讲到了这个词,原句是:
Vaughn Moore of AIT Worldwide Logistics, a freight-forwarding company, reports that rates have risen from $2-3 per kilo to $9-11, which for some goods is prohibitively expensive.
美国货运代理公司AIT总裁兼首席执行官沃恩·摩尔(Vaughn Moore)表示,运费已从每公斤2美元-3美元上涨到9美元-11美元,一些货物实在难以承受如此高价。
3. 同义表达:charge sb a lower price表示“收取较低价格”,其中charge表示“要价;收费”。
charge sb a lower price的同义表达是undercharge sb,比如外刊上介绍这些长租平台经营模式时还有这么一句话:
Companies undercharge renters to draw them in or collect large advance payments.
平台利用“高进低出”方式吸引租客或“长收短付”。
4. pay market rates to acquire apartments and then charge renters a lower price这部分的意思是平台签下公寓再租给租户,这一模式实际上就相当于“转租”,外刊上对租赁平台这一经营模式是这样描述的:
Companies sign multiyear leases with individual landlords before subletting the homes to tenants.
该行业的模式是企业与个人房东签订多年租约,然后再将房屋转租给租户。
sublet这个词就表示“转租”,如:
The company rented the building, occupied part and sublet the rest.
该公司租下了这栋大楼,占用了一部分并转租了其余的部分。
这里记住两个词,rent表示“租”,sublet表示“转租”。
5. 句子结构分析:Another common practice aimed at ...这句,aimed at improving cash flow是过去分词作后置定语修饰common practice;aimed at表示“旨在”,后面跟的是doing。
6. 固定表达:cash flow指现金流动,资金周转。
7. 同义替换:pay landlords each month意思是按月向房东支付房租,可以替换为pay landlords monthly。来看外刊上的相关例句:
Operators received a year of rent from the loan, while paying landlords only monthly.
住房租赁运营商通过“租金贷”一次性拿到一年的租金,但只需按月向房东支付房租。
8. 固定搭配:collect rents表示“收取房租”,向某人收取房租是collect rents from sb。一定语境下也可以说collect payments,如前面的collect large advance payments。
可见,rent可以作动词,也可以作名词。
例如:村民们向外地人收取房租。
英文可以说:
Villagers collect rents from outsiders who have taken up residence.
9. 平台按月支付,但提前收取租户6个月甚至更长时间的房租,这部分涉及到一个专业术语的表达“maturity mismatch 期限错配”。通俗来说,企业或平台可以利用期限将短期资金转化为长期资金,投资于期限较长的项目,实现储蓄向投资的转化。比如余额宝等金融产品的经营模式。
外刊上对租赁平台是如何利用“期限错配”来扩大业务的有具体解释,它是这么说的:
This maturity mismatch allowed the operators to use the excess cash to seek new rental flats and expand their business. And because tenants, not landlords, were paying loan interest, this growth capital was essentially free for the operators.
这种期限错配使得运营商能够利用剩余的钱签下新的出租公寓,扩大业务。而且由于支付租金贷利息的是租客而非运营商,所以对运营商来说,这些扩张资本基本上是零成本的。
02
评价
原文:Mr Pan estimated that rental yields were only 1 per cent. “A lot of companies have very high costs, but they’re more focused on impressing VCs than serving customers.” Analysts say a sustainable business model for rental housing remains elusive.
调整后的ft译文:潘石屹估计,出租房屋的租金回报率不超过1%。“许多公司的成本非常高,但它们更关注的是如何打动风投而不非怎样服务客户。”分析师表示,住房租赁行业仍然没有找到一种可持续的商业模式。
1. 专业术语:rental yields也是一个专业术语,指“租金回报率”,指月租房获得租金同房屋价钱的比值,它衡量的是投资收益情况。外刊在描述上海租金回报率的总体情况时是这么说的:
Gross rental yields in Shanghai are between 5 and 6 per cent.
在上海,租金回报率总体在5%至6%之间。
between 5 and 6 per cent和5-6 per cent是同一含义。
“租金回报率”还可以说rental returns,如rental returns of more than 5 per cent 超过5%的租金回报率。yields和returns都可以用来表示“收益;回报”。
2. remains elusive[iˈluːsɪv]可以表示“难以捉摸;难以实现;仍不清楚;遥遥无期;模棱两可”等很多含义,具体需要根据语境来确定。举个例子:解决方案尚未找到。英文可以说:solutions remain elusive.
elusive这个词本身的含义是“难找的;难以达到的;难以实现的;飘忽的,难以捉摸的”。举个例子:晚上很难打到出租车,就可以说Late-night taxis are elusive.
它衍生出来的名词是elusiveness,意思是“飘忽不定;难以捉摸;闪避;狡诈”,我们说某人的性格飘忽不定就可以用这个词来表示,如:the elusiveness of her character她难以捉摸的性格。
03
对房东的影响
原文:Landlords have also fallen victim to the slowdown as rental operators delay rental payments or request lease cancellations.
调整后的ft译文:房东也成为这次经济放缓的受害者,因为租赁运营商推迟支付租金或要求解除租赁合约。
1. 固定表达:fall victim to是一个固定表达,表示“成为……的受害者/牺牲者;屈服于……”。
高斋翻硕在讲到2018年北航MTI汉译英真题时讲到了这个短语,原题是:
女性收入大幅低于男性,频繁遭受性骚扰和性侵犯。
Women were paid much less compared to their male colleagues, and they frequently fell victim to sexual harassment and assault.
2. Operators表示从业者,运营者,比如CATTI和MTI考试中常见的“旅游从业者”就是tourism operators.
04
对租户的影响
原文:“If I knew it was a rental loan, I would never have signed the contract. After all, it will affect my credit score,” said Lei Wenqi, a 24-year-old product manager at an internet company in Beijing. The delayed payments have prompted many landlords to evict tenants even when they have paid their rent in full to the platforms.
调整后的ft译文:北京一家互联网公司的产品经理、现年24岁的雷文奇(音译)说道:“如果我知道是租金贷的话,我绝对不会签合同。毕竟,这会影响我的个人征信。”延迟付款导致很多房东驱逐房客,即使租客已经向平台全额支付了租金。
1. evict[ɪˈvɪkt]:v. 这个词通常指因为违法或毁约从房屋或土地上驱逐,赶出,逐出,如:
A number of tenants have been evicted for not paying the rent.
许多房客因不付房租被赶了出来。
赶出某个地方是evict sb from some place,被动就是sb be evicted from some place。
2. 固定表达:pay in full意思是“一次性付清;偿清;全额支付”,被动就是be paid in full。
05
对其他人的影响
原文:The ensuing cash crunch has left many leasing platforms struggling to pay suppliers. At Danke’s headquarters in Beijing, protesters said they were chasing late payments ranging from Rmb200m ($31m) renovation fees to Rmb5,000 cleaning bills. “I will go broke if Danke doesn’t pay me on time,” said a contractor surnamed Wang, who did not want to give his first name and alleged the platform owed him more than Rmb100m.
调整后的ft译文:随之而来的现金短缺让许多租赁平台难以给供应商结款。在蛋壳的北京总部,抗议者们表示他们正在追讨逾期欠款,从2亿元人民币的装修费到5000元人民币的清洁费不等。“如果蛋壳不按时付款,我会破产的,”一位不愿透露名字的王姓承包商表示,他声称该平台欠他1亿多元人民币。
1. ensuing [ɪnˈsuːɪŋ]:adj. 接着发生的;接踵而来的;随之而来的,同义词是following。ensuing的动词形式是ensue,表示“接着发生,接踵而来,随之产生”。
比如经济学人上分析退休与工作的利弊时有这么描述工作的好处的:
But work has many compensations. It keeps the mind active and gives people a purpose in life. The first month of retirement may seem idyllic, but boredom is bound to ensue.
但工作也有很多好处。它让头脑保持活跃,赋予人们生活目标。退休后的第一个月可能看起来诗情画意,但无聊肯定会接踵而至。
2. 固定表达:cash crunch指现金短缺。同义词是shortfalls in cash。
3. chase late payments意思是追讨逾期欠款。late payments就表示“逾期付款;延期付款”。讲一下chase这个词,它可以表示追讨欠款/债务,如:
A part-time bookkeeper will relieve you of the burden of chasing unpaid invoices and paying bills.
雇一个兼职会计将使你摆脱追讨未付单据和支付账单的负担。
表示追讨钱财/欠款/债务/赔偿时除了用chase,还可以用最开始碰到的pursue和recover,如:pursue industrial injury claims 追讨工伤赔偿。还比如:
We are taking advice on legal steps to recover the money.
我们正在就追回该款项所需的法律程序咨询律师。
4. 固定搭配:owe sb/公司等+some money,或者owe some money to sb/公司等表示欠某人或公司多少钱。
06
相关表达
最后再汇总一些相关的表达:
1. residential rental industry 住宅租赁行业
2. a well-functioning rental housing market运转良好的租房市场
3. a major property developer 大型房地产开发商
4. operators of long-term rental housing 长租公寓运营商
5. leasing platforms 租赁平台
6. long-term rental apartments 长租公寓
7. snap up apartments 抢占公寓租房资源
8. break lease contracts违反租赁合同
9. default on payments拖欠付款
10. flee跑路
11. an antidote to sky-high property prices应对高企的房价
12. believe in and spread rumours信谣传谣
13. Houses are for living in, not for speculation.房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的。
14. growing rental demand 不断增长的租赁需求
15. increase the supply of rental housing 扩大租赁房屋的供应
16. discourage investors from holding flats empty不鼓励投资者空置所持房产
17. professional and institutional housing rental enterprises专业化、机构化住房租赁企业
18. “rental loans” “租金贷”
19. lease cancellations 解除租赁合约
20. pay loan interest支付贷款利息