该文章有关海外移民

Overcoming these objections will be hard. But not impossible, if policymakers observe four principles. First, border control matters. Voters, perfectly reasonably, cannot abide chaos; governments must set and enforce the rules for who comes. Second, migrants must pay their way. Most already do, but it is crucial to design policies that encourage this, by making it easy for them to work and hard, at least for a while, to claim welfare benefits.

要解决这些问题很难，但也不是不可能，只要决策者认真贯彻四个原则。第一，实行严格的边境管制。就算是最理智的选民，也不能容忍自己的国家陷入混乱；政府必须要制定并执行法律法规来治理入镜人员。第二，有偿移民在许多国家已经存在了，但关键在于国家要制定政策来鼓励和推行这种方式，对于移民来说，较为轻松的门槛能刺激他们更努力地工作，至少是一段时间内能够享受到福利待遇。

Third, be creative. Australia’s “points-based” system is often praised, not least by some Brexiteers. It favours migrants who are young, English-speaking and have useful skills. It is quick, transparent and welcoming. At the same time Australia pitilessly excludes anyone who tries to enter without permission. Australians mostly support this system because they feel in charge of it.

第三，创新思路。澳大利亚“积分”政策受到了国内外一致好评，不仅仅是一些脱欧支持者。该体系欢迎会说英语并拥有一技之长的年轻人在这里落户，不仅效率很高、政策透明，还能感受到该国的人文关怀，受到移民的青睐。同时，澳大利亚也会无情的惩治没有准入许可就尝试入境的人员。推行该政策很重要的一个原因是能让他们感觉到自己是话事人。

More market-based systems are also worth trying. Countries could auction visas to the well-heeled. In addition, for those who cannot yet afford to bid, they could allow more migrants in but apply surtaxes to their wages for a period, and transfer the money to citizens. If this is the price of entry, many migrants will choose to pay it. And if voters see an immigration dividend, they may find that new mosque does not bother them as much.

还有一些以市场为基础的体制也值得一试。国家可以让富人竞拍签证，而对于没有能力投标的移民，可以收取其一段时间的劳务附加税，将这一部分税收用于造福本地市民。如果这是移民的代价，那么更多人愿意为它买单。从选民的角度来说，但他们看到国家区别待遇那些移民人员时，新的清真寺就显得不那么碍眼了。

Fourth, pace matters more than absolute levels. Political resistance to migrants spikes with sudden surges in immigration. In 2015 net immigration to Germany more than doubled to almost 1.2m, leading to a backlash. Yet the share of the population that is foreign-born is 16%, compared with 29% in Australia. This shows that a country with sensible policies can be almost two times as open to migration as Germany without even a hint of the disaster that nativists predict. On the contrary, Australia has a lower homicide rate than Germany, its people live longer and it has not had a recession since 1991. Many Australians grumble about congestion in the cities most popular with migrants, but this is fixable with the taxes those migrants pay.

第四，速度比绝对水平更重要。移民高峰的政治阻力必定会带来人数激增。2015年德国的净移民数量翻了一倍，接近120万，从而引起了强烈抵制。这个庞大的数量中国外出生的人只占到了16%，而澳大利亚这个比例则在29%。这表明一个国家只要有合理的移民政策，就能够吸引到德国开放移民政策下接近两倍的数量，并且基本不会发生本土主义者所预测的灾难隐患。除此之外，澳大利亚凶杀率也比德国低，人们寿命更长，经济增长更稳定，自1991年以来还未发生过经济衰退现象。很多澳大利亚抱怨移民加剧了城市交通阻塞的问题，但只要移民税收到位，这一切都迎刃而解。