7A UNIT 4 Seasons
Ⅰ重点单词:
Australia n.澳大利亚 Australian n.澳大利亚人(复数加s) footprint n.足迹,脚印
wet adj.潮湿的 puddlen.水坑 snowyadj.下雪多的
dry 干燥的 kick v.踢 town n,城镇
trip n.旅行 everything每件事 shine n.光亮,晴天
picnic 野餐 bright adj.明亮的 brightly adv.明亮地
spend 花费 relative n.亲戚 during prep.在···的时候
grandparent 祖父母 packet 小包 feel连系动词 +形容词“感觉,触摸”
blow v.吹 comfortable adj.舒适的
Ⅱ重点短语:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]takea tip 去旅行
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]start
to do sth.开始做某事(即将要准备开始去做某事,事情还没有做还在准备阶段)
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]start
doing sth.开始做某事(事情已经开始做了,不包括准备阶段)
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]turn
+形容词 变为……
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]in
the hot weather在炎热的天气里
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]at
this time of year在每年的这个时间
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]goon a picnic 去野餐= have a picnic
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]the
Spring Festival春节
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]in
the middle and east of China在中国的中部与东部
[if !supportLists]10. [endif]in
the south-west of China在中国的西南部
[if !supportLists]11. [endif]knock +on/at敲打
[if !supportLists]12. [endif]put
forward “把……向前拨”,向前移,提出
[if !supportLists]13. [endif]makesnowmen 堆雪人
[if !supportLists]14. [endif]fly
kites 放风筝
[if !supportLists]15. [endif]go
swimming 游泳
[if !supportLists]16. [endif]gofishing/shopping/boating···
Ⅲ经典句型:
[if !supportLists]1.[endif]waht about
···? =How about··?意思为“····怎么样呢?”
常用于询问消息或征询意见。后面加n./pron./v-ing 如:How about going home now?
[if !supportLists]2.[endif]The weatheris ···in ···
[if !supportLists]3.[endif]It’sexciting to take a trip in spring.
Ⅳ详细讲解:
[if !supportLists]1.[endif]I
love all four seasons.四个季节我都喜欢。(page43)
①All+the/指示代词/物主代词
②all+of+n. (of可以省略) 如:All of boys in our class are very handsome.
all+of+pron.(of不可以省略) 如:All of us want to go to Shenzhen.
③all作主语的同位语时,放在be动词之后,行为动词之前。
如:We all go to school every day.每天我们都去上学。
We are all students.我们全都是学生。
④作人称代词的同位语时,all可以放在这些人称代词之后。
如:Our teacher loves us all.
⑤all作副词,“全部地,全都”修饰形容词、副词和介词。
如:We are all right.
[if !supportLists]2.[endif]Watch
us go···看着我们离去··(page44)
watch sb. do sth.看见某人做过某事(强调动作的全过程)注意:do前面的to一定得省略。
watch sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
类似用法的词还有:see, hear
[if !supportLists]3.[endif]Seehowdeep the puddles get.看水坑变得多深。(page44)
这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,从句由疑问副词how引导,从句的语序是陈述语序。
Please tell me how far it isfrom your home to Yifu.请告诉我从你家到伊芙有多远。
[if !supportLists]4.[endif]What is the weather like in spring?(page44)= How is the weather in spring?
What is sb./sth. like?= How is sb./sth.?询问“某人或某事怎样”的常用句型。后面可接时间或地点的介词短语。
如:What’s the weather like in Beijing?--It’s cloudy.
5.In
spring,the weatherstartsto getwarm.在春天,天气开始变暖(page45)。
(1)statr意为“开始”,同义词为begin。均可接to do sth.或doing sth.开始做某事
注意:
①当谈论一项长期的习惯性的活动时,用动名词. I start learning English.我开始学习英语。
②主语是物不是人时,用不定式。 It starts to snow.
③start/begin本身是ing形式时,后面接不定式。I’m starting/ beginning to write the letter.
④其后的动词与想法、感情有关时,多用不定式。She began/ started to understand it.
(2)此外,start还有(机器)发动,创办,动身,出发等含义。
(3) get作连系动词,意为“变得”,后常接形容词作表语。 The weather starts to get cool.
作实义动词,意为 “得到,收到” get a letter from sb.= hear from sb.收到某人来信
get表示进入或变为某种状态常接形容词
become多用于书面语中,强调的是由一种状态变为另一种可接形容词和名词
turn强调的是变得和以前完全不一样多接形容词,接名词时零冠词
grow指的是渐渐地变成,强调变化的过程多接形容词,也能接过去分词
go多用来表示进入某种状态,多接令人不悦的形容词bad, mad, hungry, wrong
如:
The wind is getting stronger and stronger.
I want to become a teacher.
When she saw me, her face turned red.
The boy is growing thinner.
Eggs soon go bad in hot weather.
6. Winter is often cold and snowy.冬天经常寒冷多雪。(page45)
①snowy形容词,意为“下雪多的”,是由名词snow加y构成的。
② snow作不可数名词“雪”;作可数名词“一场雪”。play with snow. It is a heavy snow.
③ snow作动词,意为“下雪”。 It is snowing heavily.雪正下得很大
7. People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring
Festival.
(page45)
在春节期间,人们通常都是和亲戚一起度过。
(1) ①spend 动词“度过”,spend time with sb.意为“与某人一起度过时光”
I usuallyspend my free time with my best friend, Tom.
②人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth. “某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上”
spend moneyon books
③人+ spend+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth. 表示“花费多少时间/金钱做某事”
She spendsall day (in) learning English.
(2)during介词,“在……期间” the Spring Festival= the Chinese New Year
Don’t speak
during the meal.吃饭时别说话。
during与in的辨析:
1.强调动作或状态的持续性时用during,某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点用in。
During the three months he always asks a lot of questions.
We usually spend a holiday in July.
2.在季节名词前,用in是泛指,不用冠词;但是用during是特指,要用定冠词 the。
Children enjoy flying kites in spring.
We often go skating during the winter.
3.在表示一段时间的名词(如holiday,
stay, visit, lesson, meal等)前,一般要用during。
8. Marry will get married on Monday morning.玛丽将在星期一上午结婚。(page52)
(1)get married意为“结婚”
[if !supportLists](1)[endif]be/get married to sb表示与某人结婚。如:Jane was married to a doctor last month.
[if !supportLists](2)[endif]marry sb表示嫁给某人;与......结婚。如:Johnmarried Mary last week.
[if !supportLists](3)[endif]marry sb to sb表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。如:
She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
(5)marry作不及物动词时,往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。例如:
She married very early. 她很早就结婚了。
(7)marry 一般不与介词with 连用。例如:She married an Englishman
(8)若问某某是否结婚,而不涉及结婚的对象,可用be / get married的形式,
相当于系表结构。例如:你结婚了吗?Are you married?/Have you got married?
9.The weather in the middle and east of China isquitedifferent.(page54)
中国中部和东部的天气很不相同。
weather是不可数名词
quite与very “非常,相当”,表程度的副词。
(1)在一般情况下,quite和very在修饰形容词时可互换。
The picture is quite/very beautiful.
It’s not quite/very hot today.
(2)在修饰表示精神状态的形容词时,用very多不用quite。
I am very sorry to hear that.
(3)quite可以单独用来修饰动词,但very不可以单独用来修饰动词,而必须用very much. I quite like swimming.= I like swimming very much.
(4)very通常放在不定冠词之后,而 quite则常放在不定冠词之前。
It is a very cold morning.
She is quite a lovely girl.
Ⅴ Grammar形容词
形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态,一般置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语,或连系动词之后作表语。本单元主要讲解形容词在句中作定语,表语和用在“It is +adj.+to do sth”句型中。
一、形容词的用法
1、形容词作定语
(1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时,其位置在被修饰的名词前,说明名词的品质或特征。
She is a tall girl.她是一个高个子女孩。 He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。
(2)但在下列情况下,形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后。
a. 当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone,
something, anybody, anyone, anything,nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,作定语时要后置。
I would like
something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西。
Is there
anything new in that book?那本书里有什么新东西吗?
b.形容词短语作定语时,要放在所修饰的名词的后面。这些形容词短语多由“形容词+介词/不定式符号”构成。
It’s a problem diffcult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
I think he is a man suitable for the job.我认为他是个适合做这项工作的人。
(3)enough等形容词修饰名词时可前置或后置。
We have enough time/ time enough.我们有足够的时间。
(注:形/副+ enough,此时enough 必须后置)
2.形容词作表语
形容词作表语,常位于连系动词be(am, is, are),
become, get, turn,look,sound,smell,taste, keep, seem等词的后面,说明主语的特征、状态或身份。
The food is delicious.这种食物美味可口。
The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。
Generally speaking, it is cold in the north, it is
warm in the south.一般来说,北方天气冷,南方天气暖和。
3.句型“It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.(不定式短语)”
这个句型中,常用important, dangerous, interesting,
exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right等形容词。
It is dangerous to climb this hill.爬这座山很危险。
It is interesting to play in the snow.在雪里玩是有趣的。
It is important to listen to the teacher carefully in
class.课堂上认真听老师讲课很重要。
a.此句型中,如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite等描述性格、品质的形容词,则应在不定式前加of sb.
It is +adj.
+of sb. + to do sth.某人做某事是…… 如:
It is very kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了。
It’s clever of you to do so.你这样做真聪明。
b.如果形容词表示“对某人而言”,描述的是事情的性质,可在动词不定式前加一个for sb
It is +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……
It's difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
It’s hard for me to answer your question.对我来说,要回答你的问题很难。
二、名词变形容词的方法
1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)
rain—rainy多雨的,cloud—cloudy多云的,health—healthy健康的,luck—lucky幸运的
注意:①如果名词以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写词尾的辅音
字母再加-y。如sun—sunny晴朗的,fog—foggy有雾的,fun—funny有趣的;
②如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加y。如:
noise—noisy吵闹的, ice—icy冰冷
2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。
care—careful小心的,thank—thankful感谢的,help—helpful有帮助的
3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。
China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。danger--dangerous
5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 friend—friendly, love—lovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively)
6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。如:care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的
7.一些以-ence结尾的名词,把-ence改为ent变成形容词。
如: difference—different不同的, silence—silent安静的
7A UNIT 5 Visiting the Moon
Ⅰ重点单词
diary 日记 (复数:diaries) leave 离开,剩下,留下 able adj.能;能够
space 太空(不可数名词) spaceship宇宙飞船 spacesuit宇航服
nervous adj.紧张的 gravity重力 float v.漂浮
ourselves 我们自己的 without prep.缺乏,没有 tie v.捆;系;绑 tied, tied,tying
breathe v.呼吸 if conj.如果 camera相机
work v. 运转;运行 garden花园 rock岩石
postcard n.明信片 machine机器
return vi.回来,返回=come back vt.归还=give back
weak 虚弱的,无力的 be weak in(at) He is weak in English.
Ⅱ重点短语:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]leave for 动身去某地
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]more than 超过,多余 more···than比···更
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]be able to会,能
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]have to 不得不
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]so that 以便
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]take photos 拍照
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]as ···as one can 尽某人所能 as soon as possible尽可能快地
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]that is 也就是说
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]such as例如
[if !supportLists]10. [endif]at the moment 现在,此刻(可用于现在时和过去时)
[if !supportLists]11. [endif]in the future 将来
[if !supportLists]12. [endif]up there 在那里,在天上(美语,非正式)
[if !supportLists]13. [endif]thousands of years ago 几千年以前
Ⅲ重点句型:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]How far ···?
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]···so that ··
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]I’m going to···
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]That’s a good idea.
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]It takes us about four days toget there.
Ⅳ详细讲解:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]It’ll take us to the Moon.它将把我们带到月球。(page59)
take ···to··把··带到··
take
拿,带。强调将某人/某物从说话的地点带到其他地方去
如:I want to take some books to classroom.
bring刚好相反,强调将某人/某物从别处带到说话的地方。
如:Could you bring me a pen?
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]It’ll take us about four
days to get there.将花费我们大约四天时间到达那里。(page59)
It will take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多收时间做某事
一般现在时的结构:It takes sb. some time todo sth.
一般过去时的结构:It took sb. some time to dosth.
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]we’ll all be able tofloat around in the spaceship.我们都能在飞船里漂浮。(page59)
be able to表示经过努力能达到的目的可以用在将来时和完成时中
can表示有能力做某事只有现在时和过去时
(过去时中可以和be able to互用)
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]We’ll have to tie
ourselves to our beds so that we won’t float away in our sleep!(page59)
我们不得不把我们自己系在床上,以便我们睡着事不会漂走。
have to 必须,不得不,后面加动词原形。
have to侧重客观上的“必须”
I have to study hard.(爸爸压着)
比must更多时态上的变化否定形式:don’t/doesn’t have to
must侧重个人主观意愿“必须”
I must study hard.(想上大学)
可以表示现在和将来,人称和数不用变化直接在后面加“not”,是“禁止”的意思。
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]feed sth. to sb.中的feed后加的是食物,to 后加的是动物或者小孩 “用食物喂某人或动物”
feed sb. on sth. 中feed后加人或动物名称,on后加食物“给某人或动物喂点食物”
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]We will be able to build
hotels there in the future.在将来我们将能在那里建造旅馆(page68)
in the future在将来,在未来时间范围比in future还大
in future今后,从此以后指离现在较近的一段时间
in future I asked her to bemore careful in future.我要她以后要更加小心。
in the future My hope isthat, in the future, I will go over there and marry her.我的希望是将来能去那里和她结婚。
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]Thousands of years ago
,there was a Chinese story about Chang’e flying to the Moon.(page70) 几千年前,有一个嫦娥奔月的中国传说。
小川
Ⅴ Grammar
一般将来时:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态,常与一些表示将来的时间的状语连用。
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]基本结构:一般由“助动词will+动词原形”或者“be
going to +动词原形”构成。
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]注意:will是助动词,不能独立使用,前面的主语无论是什么人称,后面都是will。它的否定形式是will not,缩写为won’t.
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]时间状语:tomorrow,next time/week ,in
a month/week,from now on(从现在开始; 从此),soon
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]基本句型:
(1)肯定句:主语+will/be going to +动词原形+其他
如:Hewill come here at once.
(2)否定句:主语+won’t/be not going to +动词原形+其他
如:Hewill not go to Shenzhen.
(3)一般疑问句:
Will+主语+动词原形+其他?
Be(am,are,is)+主语+动词原形+其他?
如:Will you help me with my English?(help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事)
Are you going to go toHappy
Valley of Shenzhen?
(4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?
What will the students have for breakfast?
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]will和be going to 的区别:
(1)will :与主观意图无关的将来,表示必然要发生的客观规律。
如:Theflowers will come out in a few days.
(2)be going to:一般表示计划、打算或准备要做的事情,和有迹象将要发生或者肯定要发生的事情。
如:Look!It’s going to rain.
7A Unit 6 Travelling around Asia
Ⅰ重点单词:
Asia n.亚洲 Asianadj.亚洲的,亚洲人的 ;可数名词:亚洲人(复数加s)
modern adj.现代的 guiden.手册,指南; 可数n.导游; 及物v.引着参观
area n.区域,地区;面积 traditional adj.传统的 sightseeing观光,游览
centre n.中心 fountainn.喷泉 justadv.仅仅
building 建筑物 build v.建筑,建造 across prep.穿过
direction n.方向 naturaladj.天然的 naturen.自然界
beauty n.美丽 bridge n.桥 pond n.池塘
snack n. 小吃,快餐 lightn.光线;adj.轻/浅的 lightmusic轻音乐
snake n. 蛇 outside prep.在外面(反义词:inside)
dumpling n.水饺(复数加s) templen.寺 ,庙;太阳穴
Ⅱ重点短语:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]travel guide 旅游手册
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]place of interest 名胜
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]light up 点亮,照亮
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]in the north-west of在···的西北部
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]be away from离开
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]a list of一列,清单
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]feel tired意为“感到累”
Ⅱ重点句型:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]If you like ···,you will···
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]What will I ···if I ····
Ⅳ详细讲解:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]My head wasmadethere.我的头就产于那儿。(page71)
be made in+地点,意为“产于某地”,由于there是地点副词,故去掉介词in.
成品+be made in+地点产于某地原料+be made into+成品……被制成……
成品+be made of+ 原料(看得出,物理)由……制成成品+be made by+制造者……被……制造
成品+be made from+原料(看不出,化学)由……制成
My piano is made in Beijing.
The birthday cake is made by my mother.
The table is made of wood.
Wine is made from grapes.
Grapes are made into wine.
The bike is made in China.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif] People’sSquare isin
the centre ofShanghai.人民广场在上海的中心。(page73)
in the centre of意为“在……的中心” There is a park in the centre of thecity.
(1) at/ in the centre of 强调“在……中心,在……中央”。
in the middle of强调“在……(时间、长度、过程等)的中间”。
He lives inthe centre of the town.
Don’t standin the middle of the road.
(2)centre ①意为“中心点,中心”,强调的是一个点,习惯上指空间的“中央”,
如圆、球体、靶子的“正中心”;
②centre还可表示中心区、中心站或重要活动的中心。the shoppingcentre
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Shanghaiisone ofthe largest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。(page73)
“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词/代词”意为“最……之一”,当其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Tom is one of the tallest boys in our class.
One of us has a travel guide.
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]ThePudongNew Area,just across the Huangpu River, has many modern buildings.就在黄浦江对岸的浦东新区有着很多现代建筑。(page73)
(1) 副词just,意为“正好,恰好”,常用于肯定句。.It’sjust seven o’clock.
(2) across介词,意为“在……对面”;
across from意为“在……对面”
He lives across the street.他住在街对面。
They live across the road from us.他们在我们的马路对面。
They live across from us.他们住在我们的对面。
across作介词“穿过,横过”之意,着重从事物的表面的一边到另一边;
介词through意为“穿过”,但它着重指从空间一头到另一头。
Don’t walk across the road.
Light comesin through the window.
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]Sightseeingusuallyrefers to……观光通常是指 (page74)
refer to提到,涉及,指的是Please don’t refer to it again.
请不要再提它了。
refer ···to···把……提交给……
把……归功于…
They refer the thief to the police
他们把小偷交给了警察。
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]Whereelsecan I go?我还可以去哪儿?(page75)
通常else意为“别的,另外”,修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词,通常后置。
Whatelse do you want?你还想要什么?
Anything else?还有别的吗?
else常用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词,也可修饰all, much,
little等词,放在其后,作后置定语;else还可以构成名词所有格,即else’s,意为“另外的,其他的人或物的”。
Why didn’t you come?
Everyone else was here.
That must be someone else’s pen.It’s not my elder sister’s.
other作形容词,用以修饰名词或代词,作定语;此外,other可作代词,可以单独作主语、宾语、表语,其复数形式为others.Some students are playing under the tree,others are flying kites over there.
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]The main clause talks aboutthelikelyresult.主句谈论可能的结果。(page77)
(1)①talk about意为“谈论”。Let’s talkabout this question.
②talk to/ with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。
talk to指一方主动和对方说话;
talk with指双方互动在交谈。
talk of意为“谈到,涉及”
(2)likely形容词,意为“可能的”,可以作定语或构成be likely to do sth.结构,likely在此结构中作表语。
The likely time to find him is at night.
Who is likely to win the match?
likely表示有充分根据的预测,possible指客观上潜在的可能性。
likely既可由人作主语,也可由物作主语,通常用于It is likely that…中;
possible不能由人做主语。
He is likely to come late.
It's possible for him to come early.
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]Mum’s advice…妈妈的建议(page78)
advice不可数名词,意为“建议;劝告;忠告”,表示“一条建议”用a piece of
advice.
give sb. advice/ give advice to sb.给某人提建议
give sb. advice on sth.在某方面给某人提建议
ask sb. for advice征求某人的意见
take/ follow sb.’s advice接受某人的意思
advice的动词形式为advise
advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事 如:He advises me to get up early.
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]…you will know which books to bring, ……你会知道带哪些书。(page79)
Which books to bring是疑问词与不定式连用,作动词know的宾语。在英语中,动词不定式可以用在疑问词what, how,
where, which等后面,在句中作宾语等。
I don’t know what to do.
Can you tell me how to get to the library.
[if !supportLists]10. [endif]If you make the wheels round…如果你让轮子变圆……(page79)
make the wheels round意为“使轮子变圆” make+宾语+宾补
He makes me happy.
make+宾语+形容词做宾补 Rainy days make me sad.
make+宾语+动词原形(省to不定式作宾补) Tom often makes us laugh.
[if !supportLists]11. [endif]The seeds will grow if you plant them in the soil.(page79)
如果你把它们种在土壤里,这些种子会生长。
plant及物动词,意为“种植”,一般指“栽上,种下”,是一种涉及时间较短的动作或活动We plant trees every year.
grow及物动词,意为“种植”,包含“种下”及以后的培育的过程。涉及时间较长,可后作是一种过程或状态。 Hi His job is to grow flowers.
[if !supportLists]12. [endif]put on“穿上,戴上”,反:take off“脱下”,都是强调动作,不能用来表示状态。
wear“穿着”,强调状态。
[if !supportLists]13. [endif]It’s in the north-west of Beijing.它在北京的西北部。(page80)
in the south-east of 意为“在……东南部”;
in the south-west of“在……的西南部”
总结:in+ the +方位名词+of 表示“在……的某个方位”
in, on, to表达方位:in表示在内部; on表示在外部且接壤;to 表示在外部且不接壤
[if !supportLists]14. [endif]…or get a bird’s-eye view of the whole park by riding in a cable
car.(page82)
……或通过坐缆车鸟瞰整个公园。
whole作形容词,意为“全部的,所有的,完整的”。the whole school
作名词,意为“全部,全体,整体”。I have finished the whole of it.
whole将冠词、物主代词等限定词放在其前。一般不修饰不可数名词或物质名词,修饰可数名词复数时一般在其前加数量词。my whole life= all my life
The whole school= all the school
three whole days
all the money
all要把限定词放在其后而all能用于各种情况
ⅤGrammar
一.条件状语从句的概念
条件状语从句,表示主句动作发生的条件,由连接词if或unless等引导。条件状语从句中,主从句的时态要遵循“主将从现”的原则。即,主句是将来时态时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。
二. 条件状语从句的引导词
1. if 如果,假如
If you ask him,he
will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
2. unless除非,若不,除非在……的时候 (if ...not...)
You will fail to arrive there in time
unless you start earlier. 如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
Unless
it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
3. so/as long as只要
You may borrow my book as long as you
keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清洁,你就可以把我的书借去。
三.关于条件句的时态,常见的有以下三种情况:
1、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse
and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。
2、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。
If you want to have a chat
,call me up. 如果你想聊天,打我电话。
3、如果主句是含有情态动词时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。
You should be quiet when you
are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
四.知识拓展
1. 在以when,before,as soon as(一……就……)等引导的时间状语从句,也适用“主将从现”原则,即如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。 I'll tell her the good news
when she comes back. 当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
she will give you a call as
soon as she returns. 她一回来就会给你电话。
2. if条件句的同义句:祈使句,and /or+将来时态的陈述句。
Work hard ,and you will make great progress.= If you work
hard,you will make great progress.
如果你努力学习,你才会取得大的进步。
Hurry up, or you will be late.=If you don’t hurry up.you
will be late.
如果你不快点,你就要迟到了。
7A Unit7 School clubs
Ⅰ重点单词:
fair n. 展览会 rocketn.火箭 photography n.摄影
solar adj.太阳的 powern.能量 attendv.参加
teach v.讲授 launchv.发射 suiprisedadj.吃惊的,惊讶的
disappear v.消失,消散(反义词:appear 出现) another adj.又一个的 pron.另一个
amazing 令人大为惊奇的 skilln.技术 boring adj.令人厌倦的
headline大字标题 informationn.消息,信息 hurry v.&n.匆忙
ant 蚂蚁 butterfiy蝴蝶 bee蜜蜂
recent adj.近来的
Ⅱ重点短语:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]learn about 学习,了解
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]all the way 一路上,自始至终
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]of course当然
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]remote control 远程控制
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]look up查阅,查看,抬头看
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]get to know 知道,了解
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]all around the world 全世界
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]all around the playground 全操场
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]go on a picnic去野炊
[if !supportLists]10. [endif]go on a adventure去冒险
[if !supportLists]11. [endif]the night before 前一天晚上(指过去某一天的前一个夜晚)last night 昨天晚上
[if !supportLists]12. [endif]on Sunday morning在星期天早上
[if !supportLists]13. [endif]hurry to…急忙赶到……
[if !supportLists]14. [endif]leave for动身去……
[if !supportLists]15. [endif]go on a long walk走很长的一段路
[if !supportLists]16. [endif]take a picture/
take a photo拍照
[if !supportLists]17. [endif]wait for等待
Ⅲ重点句型:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]I am so ... that...我太……以致……I was so excited that Icould not sleep.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]It is time to do sth.到时间做某事了。
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]I cannot wait for doing sth.
Ⅳ详细讲解:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]Thenyou canlaunchthem into the sky.然后你可以把它们发射到空中……(page87)
What did you donext?接下来你做了什么?(page92)
then ①“然后,其次”,侧重于表示下一个动作,常与and连用。
②作副词,还可表示“那么”;作名词,意为“那时(常作介词宾语)”
如:by then到那时 from then on从那以后 till then到那时为止
next ①adv.“然后,接下来”,强调“接着做某事” What did you donext?
②adj.“隔壁的,(空间上)最近的” next door邻家;
③n.“下一个” theyear after next后年
④prep.“在……旁” a seat next her 在她的座位旁
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Will it go all the wayintospace? 它会一直到太空中去吗?(page87)
into介词,意为“到……里面去” all the way意为“一路上,自始至终”
She didn’t speak a word to me all the wayback home.回家的一路上,她没对我说一句话.(be back home回家)
into:表示动作方向的动态介词,意为“到……里面去”,常与表示动作的动词连用。
反义词组为out of.
in:表示物体位置的静态介词,意为“在……里面”,反义词为out.
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]a girl fromanotherclubshouted.另一个俱乐部的女孩喊道。 (page87)
another adj. 表示不确定数目中的“另一个”。(没有限定范围)
Would you like another book?
the other:表示两个人或两样事物中的“另一个”。(限定了范围)
Both my uncles are Guangdong Province: one is in
Guangzhou and the other is in Shenzhen.我的两个叔叔都在广东省,一个在广州,另一个在深圳。
①another pron.,意为“另一个(人或物)” He finished his apple and wanted another.
②another adj.后接可数名词单数,但也可以接带有数词或few的复数名词,意为“另外的”。
another+数字+名词复数=数字+more+名词复数
如:We need another three
basketballs.我们还需要三个篮球。
(2)shout v.意为“因欢乐、赞美、发命令、提出警告、唤起注意等而喊叫”
shout to是由于距离远,声音小而“高声喊叫”; 如: I shout to her to help me.
shout at表示生气时对某人大喊大叫,态度不友好。 如: Don’t shout atthat old man.
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Buta fewminutes later, an old lady foundit and gave it back to me.(page88)
但是过了一会儿,一位老人发现了它并还给了我。
a few几个,少数(还有几个,肯定意义)There are a few boys playing football.
few几个,少数(几乎没有,否定意义)There are few boys playing football.
a few和few+可数名词复数;little, a
little +不可数名词(有a则有,无a则无)
[if !supportLists]5. [endif] watcha footballmatchon TV在电视上看篮球比赛(page90)
(1) match可数名词,意为“比赛,竞赛”。 have a match举行比赛
We are going to have a basketball matchnext week下周我们要举行一场篮球赛。
match竞赛,比赛 指有一定规则的游戏或运动,且以输赢为主要目的
game 运动,比赛,游戏一般指竞技比赛,较正式的球类比赛,拳击等;
作复数时,一般指大型的国际体育运动会。
on TV意为“在电视上”。
但是“在广播里”“在电脑上”却要用the,表达为on the radio onthe computer.
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]I brokemysunglasses and I left my capon a tree.(page92)
我打破了太阳眼镜,并把帽子忘在了树上。
on a tree“在树上”
on a tree 指的是树木所固有的东西,及树上长出的东西,如枝叶,果实等“在树上”
There are many apples on the tree.
in a tree 指的是树本身以外的东西,即不属于树上生长的东西,如人,鸟或其
它物品等“在树上” There is a bird in the tree.
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]Weleft forLucky Island.我们出发去了幸运岛。(page96)
leave for+地点,意为“动身去某地,前往某地” He left (home) for the station.
leave“留下,遗忘,落下”。leave sth.
sp. 意为“把某物忘在(落在)某地”
leave意为“使……处于某种状态” Leave thedoor open.
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]We reallyenjoyed ourselves.我们玩得真的很开心。(page96)
enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴”=have a goodtime
enjoy sth.喜爱某物 如:I enjoy this room.
enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事 如:I enjoy walking aftersupper..
enjoy “喜爱,享受……的乐趣”,具有满足感
love “热爱”,反义词hate,指引起深厚的强烈的感情,并有依附感
like “喜欢”,反义词dislike,指不反感,但不引起强烈的感情和迫切的愿望
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]Finally itwas
time to go home.最后,到了回家的时间。(page96)
①It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.“到了(某人)做某事的时间了” It’s timeto get up now.
②It’s time for sth. “到了(做)某事的时间了”,后接名词或代词。 It’s time for lunch.
Ⅴ Grammar 一般过去时
一、一般过去时:过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。用动词的过去式来表示,用be(was,were)动词的过去式表示过去的状态。
三、行为动词的一般过去式
行为动词是指表示具体动作的动词,如play, watch,
eat等,它们的过去式表示这个动作发生在过去的某一时间。 We playedbasketball yesterday.
1、行为动词的过去式的构成:可概括为“直、去、双、改”四字诀。
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加ed. 如watched,played.
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ed. 如hoped, lived.
③重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed. 如stopped,
dragged, dropped, planned, chatted, kidded, begged, regretted, controlled,
admitted, occurred, preferred, referred, permitted, equipped等.
有些动词的过去式变化是不规的,需单独记忆。
2.行为动词在一般过去时态的句子中的用法
①肯定句:谓语动词要用过去式时,行为动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化;
肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语
如:I went home at nineo'clock yesterday.
They watched TV last night.
②改为否定句时,要把谓语动词改为“didn’t+动词原形”;
否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如:I didn't go home yesterday.
They didn’t watch TV last night.
③改为一般疑问句时,在句首加助动词did,句中的动词要改为动词原形。
一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如:Did you go homeyesterday?
Did they watch TV yesterday?
肯定回答:Yes,I did. Yes,they did.
否定回答:No,I didn't. No, they didn’t.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
When did theygo home?
When did theywatch TV?
四、be动词的一般过去时
1.be动词过去式的构成
①be动词的过去式表示过去的状态,如是什么,在哪里,怎么样等。 I was twelvelast year.
②当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,谓语动词用was
③主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were.
2.be动词在一般过去时态的句子中的用法。
①在肯定句中:主语+was (were) +表语 (在人称和数上与主语保持一致;)
如:I was late
yesterday. They were in Beijing last week.
②否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语
如:We weren'tlate yesterday. They weren’t/ werenot in Beijing last week.
③疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语
如:Were you illyesterday? Were they in Beijing lastweek?
肯定回答:Yes,Iwas. Yes, they were.
否定回答:No,Iwasn't. No, they weren’t.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语
如:When were you
born? (be born出生) Where were theylast week?
五、助动词和情态动词过去式如下
shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will―would(将要)用于所有人称
can—could(能,会)
may―might(可以)
must―must (必须)
have to―had to(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。
如:I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
六、一般过去式的主要用法
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
My father worked in Shanghailast year. It was hot yesterday.
Lei Feng was a good soldier. 注意 :在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
(2)也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与always, often, never等连用。
①I often went to
school on foot. (过去)我经常步行去上学。
②Mrs. Peter always carried anumbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
比较1 Mrs. Peter always
carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。
( 说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
比较2 Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。
(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
③I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
(3)与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。
When we got home, we
had a short rest.
He was reading books
when his father came in.
(4)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
He used to drinkalcohol. 他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take awalk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了,只是说明过去这一动作)
(5)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。
I didn''t know youwere in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。
(指在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
7A Unit8 Collecting things
Ⅰ重点单词:
unusual adj.与众不同的(反义词:usual 普遍的) collectv.收集,搜集(n. collection)
interview n.采访 model n.模型,模特 stampn.邮票
front adj.前面的 silver adj.银白色的 doorbelln.门铃
soon不久 pull按,拉(反义词 push推) grandsonn.孙子,外孙
granddaughter n.外孙女 inside副词,里面(反义词:outside 外面)
everywhere处处,到处 ago以前 follow跟随
hardly几乎不 space空间 free自由的,免费的
should 应该 sentence句子 magazinen.杂志
newspaper n.报纸 really adv.确实,的确 famous adj.著名的
UK 英国( Britain /England) over超过=more than
something 某事,某物(用于肯定句)
anything任何事/物(用于否定句和疑问句)
Ⅱ重点短语:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]living room 起居室,客厅
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]works of art(绘画,雕塑)艺术作品
[if !supportLists]3. [endif](be) bad for对··有害
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]be good for对···有好处
[if !supportLists]5. [endif](be)interested in对···感兴趣
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]a waste of time 浪费时间
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]belong to 属于
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]thank you for=thanks
for(for+n./v-ing/代词)
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]thank you verymuch=thanks a lot
[if !supportLists]10. [endif]take place发生,举行
Ⅲ重点句型:
[if !supportLists]1.[endif]Sb. spend (s)... doing sth.
如:
You shouldn’t spend too muchtime collecting things.
[if !supportLists]2.[endif] What do you
think of ... ? 你认为···怎么样呢?
如:
What do you think of the
book?
What does Daniel think ofcollecting stamps?
Ⅳ详细讲解:
1.There are eightdoorbellson theirfrontdoor!在他们的前门上有八个门铃。(page101)
①front形容词,意为“前面的”。 This is our
front garden.这是我们的前花园。
②
in front of指在某一范围以外的前面,反义词是behind
in the front of指在某一范围内部的前面,反义短语是at the back of
Tom is just sitting in the front of the car, and her
friend Mary is standing in front of the car.汤姆正坐在汽车的前座,而她的朋友玛丽站在汽车的前面。
③front door意为“前门”,behind door是“后门”的意思。
2.···so you shouldn’tspendtoo muchtime collecting things.(page101)
too much“太多”,修饰不可数名词;
用作副词词组时,可修饰动词;
用作名词词组时,可作表语、宾语等。
I drank too much beer last night. You have given me too much.
much too“太,非常”,用作副词词组,
修饰形容词或副词,但不可修饰动词。
I’m afraid this car is much too expensive.
My wife is much too busy to see visitors.
too many“太多”后接可数名词复数形式。He has too many pens.
3.They(Thegames ) willtake placein the playground.它们(比赛)将在操场上举行。 (page105)
take place在此句中含义为“举行”,还有“发生,产生”等意思。
如:When will the basketballgame take place?
take place:发生,常指经过安排的。When will the wedding take place?
happen: 偶然发生,碰巧. What happened to you last night?
ⅤGrammar代词
英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接 代词和不定代词等等。
第一:人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数
阳性阴性中性
主
格
I
(我)
you (你)he
(他)
she
(她)
it
(它)
we
(我们)
you
(你们)
they (他们,她们,它们)
宾
格
me
(我)
you (你)him
(他)
her
(她)
it
(她)
us
(我们)
you
(你们)
them (他们,她们,它们)
[if !supportLists]1.[endif] 主格用来作句子的主语。如:I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。)
[if !supportLists]2.[endif] 宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如:Who teachesyouEnglish this year?(年谁教你们的英语?)
[if !supportLists]3.[endif] 人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,以用主格形式,可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
[if !supportLists]4.[endif] 人称代词并列时的排列顺序
①单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
即you andI he/she/it and I you, he/she/it and I
例如:It was I and
John that made her angry.(It is/was…that..是一种强调句型)
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
即we and you youand they we, you and they
[if !supportLists]5.[endif] 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如:--What’s the
weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It’s fine.(天气晴好)
第二:物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称
复数
阳
性
阴
性
中
性
形容
词性
my
(我的
your
(你的)
his
(他的)
her
(她的)
its
(它的)
our
(我们的)
your
(你们的)
their (他们的,
她们的,它们的)
名词
性
mine
(我的
yours
(你的)
his
(他的)
hers
(她的)
its
(她的)
ours
(我们的)
yours
(你们的)
theirs(他们的,
她们的,它们的)
[if !supportLists]1. [endif] 形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。
如:①Is thatyourumbrella?(那是你的伞吗?)
②I often go to seemyaunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。)
③They are theirbooks.(是他们的书。)
[if !supportLists]2. [endif] 名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、
宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
如:
①This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?)
②Yourclassroom is very big, but oursis rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。)
[if !supportLists]3. [endif] “of +名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,定语时放在名词的后面。
如:我的一个朋友昨天来看我了
A friend of minecameto see me yesterday. (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)
My friend came to see me yesterday. (指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)
a friend of my mother’s(我母亲的一个朋友)
第三:反身代词:用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"等意义的代词,表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数
阳性阴性中性
myself
(我自己)
yourself
(你自己)
himself
(他自己)
herself
(她自己)
itself
(它自己)
ourselves
(我们自己)
yourselves
(你们自己)
themselves (他/她/它们自己)
(1)作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
(2) 作表语。
I'll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
(3) 用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes. =I washed the clothes
myself.(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
(4) 用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。
I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。(in no time马上,立即; 即将)
I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服
(5) 有些动词需要用反身代词:
enjoy oneself
= have a good time (过得很愉快)
by oneself =
alone (单独、独自) all by myself孤单一人,全靠我一个人
help oneself
to… (随便吃/喝 些...)
introduce
oneself (介绍自己)
look after
oneself(照顾好自己)
make yourself
at home 别客气,请便,就像在自己家
如:
We enjoyed
ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩的很开心。
I'm here all
by myself and I know I'm going to get lost.这里只有我一个人,我知道我会迷路的。
Please help
yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
第四:名词所有格
[if !supportLists]1. [endif] 名词所有格:表示有生命的东西的名词以及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加’s表示所有关系,叫做名词所有格。
例如: men’s room 男厕所 Chairman Mao’s works毛主席著作
astone’s throw一步之遥 themoon’s light月光
[if !supportLists]2. [endif] 名词是以-s或-es结尾的则只在该名词后加’,来构成所有格。
例如: 3 hours’ walk 三小时的路程 fiveminutes’ walk五小时路程
towmiles’ distance两英里的距离
[if !supportLists]3. [endif] 用名词所有格表示处所
例如: a butcher’s 肉铺 a tailor’s裁缝铺
a barber’s 理发店 a doctor’s诊所
my sister’s 我姐姐家 stationer’s文具店
区分: A’s and B’s mothers 意为“A的妈妈和B的妈妈”(两位妈妈)
A and B’s mother意为“A和B共同的妈妈”(一位妈妈,A和B为兄弟姐妹)