短文改错满分之路
老师叮咛：李辉老师说，做题是必要的。辉哥绝非让你不做题，而是让你“先学方法考点再做题”。事实上，高考对我们的要求很高，光“会”是远远不够的，必须做到足够的“熟”，才能得高分——而这非得经过超级大量、超高强度的刷题才能实现！所以想要短文改错满分，就要先学方法，再做题。下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习！
一、高考短文改错命题特征
(一)注意答题说明及答题规范
1.本题满分10分，给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。
2.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加(1个)在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除(1个)把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。不计分。
修改(8个)在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
⑴多一个词，要求考生删除的通常是：冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号、助动词。
⑵少一个词，要考考生添加的通常是：冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号、物主代词。
⑶错一个词，要求考生改正的通常是：
①名词：该用单数却用了复数，该用复数却用了单数，该用所有格的却用了通格。
②动词：谓语动词的时态一致、主谓一致、过去式或过去分词的拼写错误；非谓语动词的三种形式(to do, doing, done)之间的混用。
③代词：前后指代不一致。人称不一致、单复数不一致、性别不一致，以及主语与宾格的误用、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用等。
④词类错用：该用形容词时却用了副词，该用副词时却用了形容词，以及其他词性之间的混用。
⑤常用词的辨析：here与there, some与any, many与much, ago与before, beside与besides, ever与never, either与neither, very, much与very much, used to与be used to等。
另外，考过的还有do wrong与go wrong, cut off与cut down, think over与think of, somewhere与everywhere等。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(二)试题的情景特征
1.选材：语言材料通常取自学生自己的作品，或类似学生的作品。题材以记叙文为主。
2.话题：内容来自学生身边的常见话题。
3.结构：篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。
4.语言：语言明白易懂。
5.语法：基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。
(三)设题特征
1.设题角度：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。
2.每行错误：多词、少词和错词。其中，多词、少词各占一个，错词占八个。
3.八道错词设题主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词代词等，其中，实词考查最多。
4.多词和少词错误主要涉及介词和冠词等虚词。
(四)主要考查内容
1.识别错误并准确校正错误的能力；
2.综合运用英语知识的能力；
3.准确理解语篇、掌握内容及行文逻辑的能力。
二、高考短文改错应试技巧
第一步：通读全文，了解大意。通过浏览全文，从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称，为下一步的纠错做好准备。
第二步：逐句推敲，纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子，同时找出并纠正错误。
第三步：重读全文，修正答案。重新仔细阅读全文，检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合逻辑，并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。
【注意】
①六原则
1.以在有错行改动一词为原则
2.以改变实词形式为原则
3.以单词形式变化最小为原则
4.以添加或删除虚词为原则
5.以多”改正”少“添删”为原则
6.以保持原意不变为原则
②四不改
1.标点符号不改。
2.大小写不改。
3.词序错误不改。
4.单词拼写不改。
[if !supportLists]三、[endif]短文改错常见错误
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]词法错误
包含句中所充当的成分、形容词和副词间的转化、名词变形、可数名词和不可数名词、名词的单复数、所有格、人称代词的主格和宾格、形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词、先行词、固定搭配、冠词、形容词比较级
(一)动词及时态类：主要考查主谓一致、时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、系动词等
(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律。
(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式。
(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动。
Eg:①(2014卷I)We had been allowing tomatoes to self...(have)
②(2013卷I)I was only four when she passes away.(passed)
③She used to holding me on her knees.(hold)
④(2012全国卷)When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train.(tore)
⑤When things did wrong,...(did-went或did-were)
⑥I mustmake my toys to last.(could/might)(去掉to)
(二)名词冠词类
(1)牢记名词单复数，人称变化分清数。
(2)熟背词组兼短语，冠词用法就三种。
Eg:①(2014卷I)...for all these year.(years)
②(2013卷I)He was tall,with broad shoulder and a beard...(shoulders)
③(2012卷I)I destroyed each of my toy.(toys)
④(2014卷I)As∧result,the plants are growing...
(a)
⑤(2013卷I)In a fact,he even scared my classmates away.(去掉a)
(三)形容词与副词类
(1)修饰名词、作宾补及连系动词后用形容词。
(2)修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子时用副词。
(3)比较级和最高级的使用：比如最基本的good/bad/well/far/little/few/much/many
Eg:①(2014卷I)The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.(tasty)
②There are so much that we share.(many)
③We are growing wonderfully.(wonderful)
④Nearly five years before.(ago)
⑤(2013卷I)I remember my grandfather very much.(well/clearly)
⑥I have never known.(ever)
⑦(2012全国卷)I had to be more patient and little aggressive.(less)
(四)代词类
(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。
(2)系统掌握it的各种用法。
①it is/was...that...强调句型
②it is+形容词+for/of sb.+to do sth
③it doesn’t matter...
④it’s no use doing sth...
Eg:①(2013卷I)Which set himself apart from others.(him)
②(2012全国卷)I got angry and broke it.(them).
③For a while∧parents bought me new toys.
(my)
④....they began to see which was happening.(what)
(五)介词类
(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.含有介词(in,by,with,on)的搭配。 Eg:in front of,in face of,in charge of,in place of,in honor of,in Emery of等等。
(2)强化语法训练，分清连词、副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能。
(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来。
Eg.①(2014卷I)...and with the help by our father,(of)
②(2013卷I)...that turned from black toward gray.(to/into)
③(2012全国卷)No more toys to you.(for)
(六)连词类
(1)连词常考but,and,or,so.
(2)连词的逻辑错误以及搭配错误。
(3)其他连词：both...and.../either...or...neither...nor.../not only...but also...等。
Eg:①(2014卷I)...butwe have never had...(去掉but或者改为yet)
②(2013卷I)....during they came over to play...(when)
③....in our small town,∧he was strong...
(and)
2.句法错误
从句法上考查简单句、复合句的否定、疑问、倒装、省略等。
3.行文逻辑错误
考查人物的性别、时间先后、肯定及否定、因果、并列与转折、递进关系等。
解决方案：词法句法均未错,逻辑推理来寻找。主要是句子之间逻辑关系的矛盾，肯定与否定、代词在人称上的不一致等。一个句子符合基本结构，即具备最基本的主语和谓语。可通过此特征判断句子是否缺成分或多成分。
Eg:①(2014卷I)...the plants are growing somewhere.(everywhere)
②(2013卷I)I have never known.(ever)
[if !supportLists]四、[endif]例题
(2014·辽宁) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Jeremy and Alice，
Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors,we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word,your dog—Cleo.
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely，
Jack and Rose
【答案】 1.去掉to
2.time→times
3.understanding→understand
4.have→has
5.Beside→Besides
6.a→an
7.starts→started
8.closely→close
9.our→your
10.figure后加out
【解析】这是作者给邻居Jeremy and Alice写的一封信，信中反映了邻居家的小狗Cleo经常制造噪音，影响了作者的休息和生活，作者希望邻居能找出一个解决问题的办法．
1．去掉to；考查动词，bother意为"打扰"，是及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语，故把to去掉．
2．time改成times；考查名词，time此处作"次数"讲，是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式times．
3．understanding改成understand；考查动词，不定式符号to后面要跟动词原形，It is difficult to do意为"做某事有困难"．
4．have改成has；考查主谓一致，主语The early morning barking为单数形式，谓语动词要用第三人称单数．
5．Beside改成Besides；考查形近单词辨析，beside意为"在…旁边"，besides意为"除…之外，另外"，结合句意此处要用besides．
6．a改成an；考查冠词，average以元音因素开头，前面的不定冠词要用an．
7．starts改成started；考查动词的时态，根据时间状语this morning可知此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去式．
8．closely改成close；考查形容词，此处用形容词形式作系动词are的表语．
9．our改成your；考查物主代词，结合上下文分析可知此处应是"你们的道歉"，故把our改为your．
10．figure后面加out；考查固定短语，figure out是固定短语，意为"得出，算出，解决"
五、真题练习
Passage 1 (2016·全国Ⅰ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big,,but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some People even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.
Passage 2 (2016·全国Ⅱ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain know ledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
Passage 3 (2016·全国Ⅲ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didn’t seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time,I ever felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
Passage 4 (2016·四川)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.
Mom has a full－time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest.At dinner,we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.
Passage 5 (2016·浙江)
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day,we’d greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there!
My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.
Passage 6 (2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.
Passage 7 (2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
Passage 8 (2015·四川)
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每句不超过两个错误；
2．每处错误及其修改均仅限一次；
3．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Hi, Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
As I tell you last time,I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a timewasting activity! In fact,I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me,would you talk to him?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Grace
Passage 9 (2015·陕西)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线( )，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”
My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!
Passage 10 (2015·浙江)
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the lefthand side of the class,I could easy see the football field.In the mornings,it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance,I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.
Passage 11 (2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nearly five years before,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then－ for all these year－we had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
Passage 12 (2014·浙江)
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets.A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket,which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show concern to others on need,the world would be a better place to live in.
Passage 13 (2014·四川)
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每句不超过两个错误；
2．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
3．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Hello，boys and girls！Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Don't panic or get out of line,and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If it's a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.
Passage 14 (2014·陕西)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线( )，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset,we sat by the fire,have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky－they were looked like rain！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
【参考答案】 Passage 1
1．that→where [考查宾语从句的连词用法。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。]
2．去掉but [考查从属连词与并列连词。从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用。]
3．had→ have [考查语境中的时态运用。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般现在时。]
4．honest→ honesty [考查名词作表语。由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。]
5．or→and [考查并列连词的用法。根据句意可知二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。]
6．using→used [考查固定短语的用法。be used for“用来做”，为固定短语。]
7．在dreams之后加上of或about [考查短语动词。固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth.的意思是“梦想做某事”。]
8．the→a [考查代词的用法。in a short period of time为固定词组，意思是“短时间内”。]
9．our→his [考查冠词的用法。短文介绍了my uncle诚信经营餐馆的事情，故将our改为his。]
10．steady→steadily [考查副词的用法。修饰谓语动词用副词。]
Passage 2
1．how→what [考查疑问词的用法。我和同学正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达what to do，如果用how结构为how to do sth.]
2．chose→choose [考查动词形式。根据语法知识可知，情态动词can后要用动词原形。]
3．take→taking [考查非谓语动词的用法。此处为between...and...结构，根据前面的staying at home可知，此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。]
4．but→and [考查连词的用法。如果呆在家里，感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，此处应是并列关系，而不是转折关系。]
5．world前加the [考查定冠词的用法。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。]
6．your→our [考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。]
7．know ledges→knowledge [考查不可数名词的用法。knowledge为不可数名词，没有复数形式。]
8．去掉can或can→should [考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有两种改法。]
9．thought→think [考查一般现在时的用法。我认为这是一个好主意。根据上下文可知，此处并不是过去的看法，而是现在的看法。]
10．many→much [考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。]
Passage 3
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲述了青少与父母之间的关系。
1．year→years [此处指13～19 岁的年龄，故用复数。]
2．worse→worst [与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。]
3．去掉the [at first 固定短语。]
4．yourself→myself [根据句意，此处指“我自己”。]
5．such→so [so 指已经提到的事。]
6．tell→told [此处应用过去时态。]
7．freely→free [此处应用形容词作表语。]
8．wear→wearing [此处用动名词作介词的宾语。]
9．to→for [固定搭配 leave for 去……。]
10．whenever后加I [whenever引导状语从句，从句缺少主语I。]
Passage 4
1．so→but [前后句之间为转折关系。]
2．houseworks→housework [housework是不可数名词。]
3．or →and [both...and是固定搭配。]
4．get→got [这里说的是发生在过去的事情，因此用一般过去时。]
5．去掉on [go shopping去买东西。]
6．her→his [爸爸去购物，从句主语是he，因此物主代词形式用his。]
7．kitchen前加the [上文虽未提及kitchen，但听话者一定知其所指，因此，kitchen前加定冠词。]
8．what→which/that或去掉what [引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。]
9．favorite→favorite [favorite 为无等级形容词。]
10．moving→moved [moving多用来修饰事物，moved用来指人。]
Passage 5
1．children→child [因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。]
2．late→later [late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“……时间以后”。故late改成later。]
3．at后面加the [at the end of 为固定搭配。]
4．her→him [根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。]
5．was→were [这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。]
6．knowing→know [pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。]
7．去掉had [would do 表示“过去常常做”。]
8．chat→chatted [根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。]
9．in→on [on the top of...为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。]
10．excited→exciting [这句话的主语是形式主语it，真正的主语是to be up there，主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故excited改成exciting。]
Passage 6
1．think→thought [考查动词的时态。根据前面一句可知，这是发生在小时候的事情，故用一般过去时态。]
2．countryside前加the [考查冠词的用法。in the countryside (在乡村)为固定短语。]
3．or→and [考查并列词的用法。那儿的空气洁净，群山葱绿。由句意可知两个分句之间显然为并列关系，而非选择关系。]
4．on→with [考查介词的用法。with the development of...为一固定短语，意思是“随着……的发展”。]
5．去掉been [考查被动语态的用法。众多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为一个十分严重的问题。由句意可知，studies和谓语show之间为主动关系，故要用主动语态。]
6．seriously→serious [考查形容词的用法。修饰名词problem应当用形容词。]
7．airs→air [考查不可数名词的用法。air作“空气”讲时为不可数名词。]
8．Much→Many [考查代词的用法。Animals为可数名词复数，故用many。]
9．found→find [考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后面要接动词原形。]
10．your→our [考查语境中代词的用法。依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知your与上下文相悖，结合句意应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。]
Passage 7
1．parent→parents [考查名词复数。由第五句中的“his parents were missing.”可知此处应当用复数形式。]
2．on→in [考查介词的用法。玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。]
3．去掉very [考查固定句型的用法。由语境可知，托尼非常喜欢这个玩具，于是快速走进商店。so...that...为固定句型，意思是“如此……以致于……”，故去掉very。]
4．looks→looking [考查省略的用法。After之后省去了主语he，he与look at之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应当用现在分词。]
5．去掉where或where→that [考查宾语从句连接词的用法。动词found之后为宾语从句，从句为系表结构，意思完整，故将where去掉或改为没有词义且不作成分的that。]
6．begun→began [考查并列谓语的用法。由句子结构可知，begin与was scared并列，因此，要用一般过去时。]
7．telling→told [考查并列谓语的用法。有一位妇女看到他哭泣就告诉他去商店外面等。由句意可知，tell这一动作是这个妇女发出的，应当与saw构成并列谓语。故改用told。]
8．a→the [考查冠词的用法。表示谈话双方共知的名词前要用定冠词。]
9．saw后加his [考查物主代词的用法。根据句意及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语相一致的物主代词。]
10．terrible→terribly [考查副词的用法。形容词worried之前要用副词来修饰。]
Passage 8
1．want后加to [考查动词want的用法，want后用不定式作状语，故加上to。]
2．tell→told [考查时态。根据时间状语last time可知，此句需用一般过去时，故把tell改成told。句意：正如我上次告诉你的那样。]
3．friend→friends [考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。]
4．sing→singing [考查动名词作宾语。本句考查句型spend...(in)doing sth结构，故把sing改成singing。]
5．many→much [考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意：那真的花费很多。]
6．so→but [考查连词。上一分句句意：我不想再去；下一分句句意：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。]
7．How→What [考查疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，故用what。]
8．are→were [考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不符，故把are改成were。句意：如果你是我，……。]
9．him→them [考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them。句意：你会和他们说吗？]
10．去掉with [考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。]
Passage 9
1．去掉in [last week上个星期，前面无需加冠词。]
2．anything→something [something用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”，anything“任何事”。]
3．better→best [我的妈妈做了世界上最好吃的饼干，此处不是比较含义，应是最高级(best)。]
4．decide→decided [全文的时态都是一般过去时，故把decide改为decided。]
5．step→steps [根据前面的some，step应该是复数形式。]
6．well→good [作表语的是形容词good，well是副词，作状语。]
7．after→when/while [我唯一所犯的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在地上一些。when/while当……的时候，after 在……之后。]
8．a→the [此处表特指，at the party 在晚会上。]
9．just后加to [动词不定式表示目的，我也许得再退休一次，能吃到更多的饼干。]
10．enjoy→enjoying [and连接两个并列的(动)名词，enjoy是动词，所以改成enjoying。]
Passage 10
1．第一句：side→sides [考查名词的复数形式。前面有three修饰，故要用复数形式。]
2．第一句：from→of [考查固定表达。be made of是指不经过加工，能直接看出原材料；be made from是指经过加工，不能直接看出原料。]
3．第二句：sit→sitting [考查非谓语动词。动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语。]
4．第三句：easy→easily [考查形容词和副词的错用。修饰动词see要有副词形式。]
5．第五句：is→was [考查动词的时态。本文描述的是作者原来的旧教室，故要时态保持一致，用一般过去时。]
6．第六句：them→it [考查代词的错用。代替前面的单数a beautiful park要用it。]
7．第七句：not去掉 [考查逻辑关系。在更远处，我可以欣赏雪山的美景。]
8．第九句：in后加a [考查固定表达。in a hurry匆匆忙忙。]
9．第十句：felt→feel [考查非谓语动词。make sb do...使某人做某事。]
10．最后一句：If→Although/Though [考查状语从句引导词。尽管在那座教室学习时我是唯一的一个孩子，但我将永远忘不了它。]
Passage 11
1．第一句中before→ago [ago常与一般过去时连用；before常与完成时连用，这里谓语是planted，用的是过去式，故用ago。]
2．第一句中by→of [with the help of...在……的帮助下。]
3．第二句中year→years [由前面all these可知应用year的复数形式。]
4．第二句中had→have [根据时间状语“since then”可知，主句应为现在完成时，所以把had变为have。]
5．第三句中as后加a [as a result为固定搭配，译为“结果”。]
6．第三句中somewhere→everywhere [因为种子落在哪里就在哪里生根发芽，所以这种植物长得到处都是。everywhere到处；somewhere某处。]
7．第四句中taste→tasty [are后面应用形容词，and连接形容词juicy和tasty。]
8．第五句中much→many [根据谓语are可知后面应用修饰可数名词的many，而much修饰不可数名词。]
9．第六句中but去掉或改为yet [although引导让步状语从句，不可与but连用，但可以与yet连用。]
10．第七句中wonderfully→wonderful [因tomatoes为名词应用形容词修饰，所以把副词改为形容词。]
Passage 12
1．去掉had [考查时态一致。文章主体时态为一般过去时。]
2．noise→noisy [考查词性。be动词后应用形容词，noise为名词。]
3．comes→came [考查时态，before long后用一般过去时。]
4．but→and [考查句子关系。一位乘客意识到他的票不见了，他开始不安起来。应为承接关系，而非转折关系。]
5．searching后加for [考查固定搭配。search for＝look for寻找。]
6．his→its/the [考查代词指代。此处是票的主人用its或主人the owner。]
7．a→the [考查冠词。上文提到过用the表特指。]
8．previous→previously [考查形容词、副词用法。修饰动词的应为副词，previous是形容词。]
9．strangers→stranger [考查前后一致。从上文看，丢票的是一个人，故应用单数。]
10．on→in [考查固定结构。in need需要。]
Passage 13
【语篇导读】 这是一篇实用文体，向读者介绍遇到火警时的正确做法。
1．with→about [talk with后面常跟指人的词，意思是“同某人交谈”。talk about意为“谈论”。]
2．go→goes [表达客观事实通常使用一般现在时态。a fire alarm为单数名词，故谓语动词应当用单数第三人称形式。]
3．在wait之后加上for [wait为不及物动词，后跟宾语时要加上介词for。]
4．classmate→classmates [classmate为可数名词，此处应当用复数形式。]
5．trying→try [根据and一词可知本句与前面的祈使句并列，所以应当用动词原形。]
6．calmly→calm [由并列连词and可知本词与quiet都作系动词remain的表语。故词性应与quiet一致。]
7．a→the [前文已提到火灾，这里特指那场火。]
8．us→you [根据短文意思可知这是老师告诉同学们的一些注意事项。用的均是第二人称。]
9．去掉when [宾语从句中使用了两个连接词，根据句意“如果你们注意到有人失踪或受伤……”可知when是多余的。]
10．and→or [如果某人失踪了，就无法判断他受伤与否。这两个词之间是选择关系，故用or。]
Passage 14
1．He wanted后加to [考查非谓语动词。want to do sth想要做某事，为固定搭配。]
2．come→came [考查动词时态。本文的主体时态为一般过去时。]
3．have→having [考查非谓语动词。一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，因此此处应为非谓语动词作伴随状语。]
4．immediate→immediately [考查形容词副词修饰关系。副词修饰后面的动词jumped up。]
5．on→at [考查介词的使用。shoot at...朝……射击。下文的Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky.也给本句提供了答案。]
6．Neither→None [考查不定代词。根据前文的arrows一词可以看出，此处不是只有两只箭，因此把Neither改为None，表示三支以上。]
7．was→were [考查主谓一致。主语为复数形式arrows，谓语动词应用复数。]
8．去掉were [考查语态。look作为系动词，无需用被动语态。]
9．but→and [考查连词。根据句意：我们跑开了，幸运的是，没有人受伤。可以看出，此处为承接关系，并非转折关系。]
10．a→an [考查冠词的使用。后面的impressive一词第一个读音为元音，因此用an。]
【美文赏析】
Youth
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young.
When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80.
【译文】
青春
青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。
无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。、
一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只要树起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。
