一. 做题原则
三遍原则:通读全文,逐句推敲,复查验证。
1. 为什么要通读?
大脑天生抗拒陌生,或者畏惧新事物,这就像刚到某个陌生城市,不自觉地,我们都会小心翼翼起来。
所以,先通读一遍,再去做题,无论读懂多少,第二遍做题时,你的潜意识会认为,这东西我见过,我认识,你的大脑会告诉你——我熟悉,你可以做好。
通不通读,完全是两种高下立判的心理状态。
复查,就像在地上捡钱,能捡到多少就多少呀,反正都是赚的。
再举个例子,假如春节,有个亲戚给你红包,你一摸有点薄,打开一看竟然只有十块钱。
这时候,你是接还是不接呢?接,一定要接,而且还要微笑着收下,还要不停地说着谢谢。然后这才到了重点,笑嘻嘻地伸出手对他说——还有吗?再给点呗。
千万别跟钱过不去,更别跟分过不去,能多任何一分一毫,都别嫌少。
2. 检查原则:一少一多八错
核对复查时,可参考改动项是否符合“1:1:8”。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。
改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
二. 错误类型
万能口诀:
动非动变态,定不定乱来,连词胡乱代
数格名,代格性,介固定
形修名,副修动
1. 动非动变态
1.1 谓语动词的时态和语态错误,主、谓不一致的错误。
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (is & are)
They∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
1.2 非谓动词:分词和动名词,不定式的错误。
in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
2. 定不定乱来
冠词article:定冠词 the,不定冠词a,an(元音)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
3. 连词胡乱代
连词conjunction:but, and, or和so的用法(并列还是转折的逻辑问题),各种从句的连接词。
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
4.数格名:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误
so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
5. 代格性
代词pronoun:指代对象不一致,以及宾格主格乱用
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。
第二例是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。
6. 介词基本都是固定搭配
这种错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。比如介词,我并没有提及,原因就在于介词基本都是习惯用法,只能记住了。
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
7. 形修名,副修动:形容词和副词在句子中的作用和用法。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
考点:形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
写在后面的话——
此为第三版,仍需要修改补充和总结,希望以后有空可以再次完善。