[if !vml]

[endif]

 众所周知，朱温篡唐在中原地区建立“后梁”的同时，其他很多原来唐朝分封的节度使们也纷纷宣布独立，拒不承认“后梁”政权的合法性，他们各自割据一方称王称帝，形成了历史上著名的乱世——五代十国。

今天我要介绍的，便是五代十国时期的第二个朝代——后唐。

自公元923年李存勖在魏州称帝（同年灭后梁）开始，到公元936石敬瑭以以燕云十六州为代价借辽兵攻入洛阳为止，后唐的历史一共只有十几年，却出现了四位皇帝。

先来补一下昨天的。唐朝末年，李克用和朱温曾经亲密合作，共同帮助朝廷平定黄巢起义，李克用因功被任命为河东节度使（后加封为晋王），朱温则被任命宣武军节度使（后加封为梁王）。

有一次，李克用得胜归来，朱温便在“上源驿”这个地方宴请犒劳李克用，李克用高兴之下不但喝多了，而且还在酒桌上乱发脾气，朱温一怒之下决定杀掉李克用，结果被后者侥幸逃脱，从此两人便结下了梁子。朱温篡唐建立“后梁”以后，李克用也割据一方建立“晋国”，历史上著名的“梁晋争霸”由此拉开序幕。

梁晋争霸初期，朱温的实力要比李克用强得多。据历史记载，朱温至少有两次率军大规模围攻李克用的老巢太原，差点就逼得李克用弃城逃命，还好后者最终咬紧牙关坚持了下来。

公元908年，终其一生都没能斗过朱温的李克用抑郁而死，临终前，他留给儿子李存勖三支箭并交代其一定要替自己完成三个愿望（即消灭朱温建立的后梁，铲除叛徒刘仁恭和击败契丹），这便是著名典故“晋王三矢”的由来。

李存勖继位后，梁晋争霸的形势逐渐逆转，一方面因为朱温的几个儿子忙于内斗而且昏聩无能，另一方面则因为李存勖的表现如战神一般的存在——不但迅速给朱温围攻一年多的潞州（梁晋争霸的战略要地）解了围，还多次大破梁军，同时还按照父亲的遗愿攻杀了刘仁恭和击败了契丹。

公元923年，李存勖突袭“后梁”都城汴州（今开封）得手，梁末帝朱友贞自尽，后梁宣告灭亡。

李存勖在灭后梁之时，将国号“晋”改为“唐”，并宣称自己是唐朝的合法继承人。其实，彼时唐朝已经灭亡了十几年，而且其父李克用（本姓“朱邪”，一说“朱耶”）是名副其实的沙陀外族，“李”姓也只不过是唐朝皇帝的赐姓罢了，所以历史上称这段时期为“后唐”，李存勖是为后唐庄宗。

李存勖当上皇帝后很快便吞并了李茂贞的“岐国”，灭掉了王建的“前蜀”，将后唐的疆域和实力带入巅峰。有意思的是，这个李存勖不仅打仗厉害，而且还精通音律，可谓是文武全才。然而，就是这样的一个“成功人士”，在替父亲李克用报仇雪恨以后就好像突然失去了人生的奋斗目标，也慢慢地失去了进取之心，一步步走向堕落的深渊。

李存勖在位后期特别宠信伶人和宦官，沉湎于声色，导致国政荒废。不仅如此，他还疏远和杀戮功臣，横征暴敛，导致民怨沸腾，士卒离心，各种矛盾一触即发。

公元926年，河北魏州（今邯郸附近）等地区发生兵变，李存勖不得不起用之前备受猜忌的开国功臣李嗣源（李克用义子，李存勖之兄）前往平叛，不料李嗣源刚到魏州，就被哗变的亲军劫持入城。后来，不能自证清白的李嗣源只好采取其女婿石敬瑭等人的建议与叛军合势，率军一路南下进攻洛阳。与此同时，不得人心的李存勖也被一个叫郭从谦的伶人杀害，李嗣源入洛阳后顺利被拥立为皇帝，是为后唐明宗。

李嗣源在位时虽然采取了一定措施恢复后唐国力，但在立太子的时候却犯了糊涂。当时其长子李从审已经去世，本应立次子李从荣为太子，但李嗣源却只任命其为“天下兵马大元帅”。

有一次李嗣源病重，李从荣担心自己不能顺利继承皇位，便寻机发动兵变杀入皇宫，结果落了个兵败身死的下场。李嗣源在病床上闻此噩耗（儿子造反被杀），病情愈加严重，最后只得匆忙召回另一个儿子李从厚回洛阳继位，是为后唐闵帝。

李从厚虽然也想励精图治，无奈其性格优柔寡断而且没有治国才能，因为听从大臣削藩的建议，结果逼反了坐镇凤翔的潞王李从珂（李嗣源养子，李从厚义兄，以骁勇善战闻名）。这个李从珂以“清君侧”的名义起兵发动叛乱，率军一路杀到洛阳自立为皇帝（李从厚则在逃离洛阳途中被姐夫石敬瑭截杀），是为后唐末帝。

李从珂在位时，极为猜忌时任河东节度使的妹夫石敬瑭，曾多次想方设法削弱其力量，两人矛盾日益加深。公元936年，忍无可忍的石敬瑭以割地（幽云十六州）称臣为代价，引进契丹（辽国）铁骑围攻洛阳，李从珂自焚而死，后唐正式灭亡。

石敬瑭攻灭后唐以后，改国号为“晋”，为区别于之前李克用建立的“晋国（史称前晋）”，所以历史上称之为“后晋”，这便是五代十国时期的第三个朝代。

最后值得一提的是，后唐是五代十国历史上疆域最大，实力最强的朝代，先后吞并和征服了很多周边国家，所以历史上誉之为“五代领域，无盛于此者”。正因为如此，后唐也是最有可能提前结束五代十国这个乱世的王朝，无奈李存勖等人勇猛有余却治国乏术，不过也算是天意As is known to all, when Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty andestablished the "Later Liang" in the Central Plains, many otheremissaries of the original Tang Dynasty also declared their independence andrefused to recognize the legitimacy of the "Later Liang" regime. Theyeach declared themselves as Kings and emperors, forming the famous chaotictimes in history -- the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

Today I want to introduce the seconddynasty of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Later Tang Dynasty.

The Later TANG DYNASTY lasted only TENyears, from LI CUNXU'S TAKING THE THRONE in Wei Zhou in 923 (HE DEFEATED THELater Liang in THE same year) TO SHI JING TANG'S TAKING LUOYANG WITH THE LIAOARMY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE 16th Zhou OF YANYun IN 936, BUT THERE WERE FOURemperors.

Let's fix yesterday's first. At the end ofTHE Tang Dynasty, Li Keyong and ZHU Wen worked CLOSELY together TO HELP thegovernment put down the Huangchao Uprising. Li Keyong was appointed as theenvoy of Hedong (later named King of Jin), and Zhu Wen was appointed as theenvoy of Xuanwu Army (later named King of Liang).

On one occasion, when Likerong returnedfrom victory, Zhu Wen rewarded Likerong at the "Shangyuan Post". WhenLikerong was happy, he not only drank too much, but also lost his temper at thedrinking table. In his anger, Zhu Wen decided to kill Likerong, but the latterescaped with his life. After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty and establishedthe "Later Liang", Li Keyong also divided one side and establishedthe "Jin State", which started the famous "contest for hegemonybetween Liang and Jin" in history.

At the beginning of the struggle forhegemony between Liang and Jin, Zhu Wen's strength was much stronger thanLikeryong's. According to historical records, Zhu Wen led his army to besiegeTaiyuan, the hometown of Li Keyong, on at least two occasions, almost forcingLi Keyong to abandon the city and flee for his life. Fortunately, Li Keyongfinally stuck to it.

In 908, Li Kelong, who had failed to fightZhu Wen, became depressed and died on his death. Before he died, he left hisson Li Cunxu three arrows and instructed him to fulfill his three wishes(namely, to destroy the Second Liang founded by Zhu Wen, to destroy the traitorLiu Rengong, and to defeat the Khitan). This is where the famous allusion"The Three arrows of the King of Jin" came from.

Later, he ascended the throne, emperorzhuangzong of later tang Liang Jin gradually reversing the situation ofsupremacy, because of the sons of chu wen busy infighting and dote incompetent,on the other hand, because of the existence of the performance of the emperorzhuangzong of later tang like ares - not only quickly to chu wen siege brandmore than a year of firm states (strategic) Liang Jin supremacy over wai, alsobig broken to many times, He also killed Liu Rengong and defeated the Khitan inaccordance with his father's will.

In 923, Li Cunxu made a surprise attack onBianzhou (now Kaifeng), the capital of the Later Liang, and succeeded. ZhuYouzhen, the last emperor of the Liang, committed suicide, and the Later Liangfell.

Li Cunxu changed the name of his kingdomfrom Jin to Tang when he defeated the Later Liang, and he declared himself thelegal heir of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, the Tang Dynasty had collapsed formore than ten years, and his father Li Kelong (originally named Zhu Xie, saidZhu Ye) was a real Shatuo foreign nationality, and the family name Li Xu wasjust a family name given by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. So this period washistorically called the Later Tang Dynasty. Li Cunxu was the Later Zhuang Zongof the Tang Dynasty.

Li Cunxu ascended the throne, quicklyannexed Li Maozhen's Qi Kingdom and destroyed Wang Jian's Former Shu, bringingthe Later Tang to its peak in territory and power. What's interesting is thisLi Cunxu is not only good at fighting, he's also good at music and Xu. He's ascholar in both civil and martial arts. However, it is such a "successfulperson", in revenge for his father Likeryong after it seems to suddenlylost the goal of life, but also slowly lost the enterprising heart, step bystep toward the abyss of depravity.

During the later period of his reign, Li

Cunxu favored scholars and eunuchs, indulging in debility, leading to the ruin

of state affairs. Not only that, he also alienates and kills the hero, excise

and collect, lead to people's resentment boiling, soldiers centrifugal, all

kinds of contradictions are ready to explode！！！