Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●express n.快车；adj. 高速的
●punctual adj.准时的;
●condition v.使习惯于
●unshakable adj.不可动摇的
●faith n.信任
●cancel v.取消
●exceptionally adv. 例外地
●dislocate v.打乱（计划等）
●blame v.责怪
●consult v.请教，查阅
●direct adv.径直地
●odd adj.奇怪的，异常的
●reflect v.细想
●advantage n.优势
●mighty adj.强大的，有力的
●dawdle v.慢吞吞的动或做
●chug v.咔嚓咔嚓地响
●lodge v.提出
●comlaint n.抱怨
●triumph n.胜利
●asterisk n.星号（*）
●conduct v.引向，引导
■express n. 快车；adj. 高速的
express way: 高速公路
express train快车
special express 特快
through express 直快
stopping/ local
train 慢车
■punctual adj. 准时的;
be punctual in
doing sth. 在做……方面非常准时
be punctual to the
minute 非常准时
L36-05_37-01 end 9’15”
L37-02 begin 8’35”
Eg: He is a manwho’s punctual to the minute.
punctually adv.
unpunctual ant.
punctuality n.
■condition v. 使习惯于
==form a habit in
Eg: This societyhas conditioned each of us.
be conditioned to 习惯了……
Eg: Each of us hasbeen conditioned to the society.
The plants hasbeen conditioned to the cold weather here.
The cold weatherhas conditioned the plants here.
condition 条件
on conditionthat 在……条件下如果
on no condition 在任何情况下，用在句首句子要倒装
On no conditionmust you be late.
in good/ bad
condition 情况良好/情况糟糕
change one's
condition 结婚
in the interesting
condition : 怀孕 pregnant
■unshakable adj. 不可动摇的
■faith n. 信任
keep faith with
sb. 对……守信用
put one's faith in
sth 对……有信心
on the faithof 在……的保障下，凭……的信用
faith 深信不疑，信仰，比belief程度重一点
belief: 可信赖，可接受
conviction 坚定的信念
trust 相信，依赖
credit 对……完全相信
■cancel v. 取消
call off == cancel可以互相替换
abolish 废除
rescind 撤销，废止
write off 注销，勾销
cross out 划掉
■exceptionally adv. 例外地
■dislocate v. 打乱（计划等）
■blame v. 责怪
■consult v. 请教，查阅
■direct adv. 径直地
■odd adj. 奇怪的，异常的
■reflect v. 细想
reflect on sth 细想……
reflect upon
oneself 自我反省
■advantage n. 优势
take advantage ofsb/sth 欺骗……并利用
of great/no
advantage to sb/sth 对……有（没有）好处
to advantage 更有效地
have advantage
over sb 胜过某人，比某人有优势
L37-02 end 8’35”
L37-03 begin 9’42”
interest 个人的利益，好处
benefit 通过正当手段谋求的好处
profit 金钱上的获益
good 个人或集体的利益
■mighty adj. 强大的，有力的
■dawdle v. 慢吞吞的动或做
■chug v. 咔嚓咔嚓地响
■lodge v. 提出
make/ lodge
complaint 提出抱怨
■comlaint n. 抱怨
■triumph n. 胜利
■asterisk n. 星号（*）
■conduct v. 引向，引导
【Text】
§Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express开往威斯特海温的快车
Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.
What was the mistake the author made?
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[endif]We have learnt toexpect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning, most of ushave developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayedby storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains mustbe on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocaterailway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities whensomething does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are morelikely to be ours than theirs.
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[endif]After consulting myrailway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train toWesthaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a merehour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticingthat a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this did not strikeme as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myselfwho wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprisedwhen the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the traindawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on methat this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, butbarely chugging along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and wehad not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was theWesthaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge acomplaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to thestation master at Westhaven. When he denied the train's existence, I borrowedhis copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph in my voice when I toldhim that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me tolook again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of thepage. It said: 'This service has been suspended.'
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参考译文
我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。轮船船期可能因风暴而推延，飞机航班可能因恶劣天气而取消，唯有火车必然是准点的。只有非同寻常的大雪才可能暂时打乱铁路运行。因此，一旦铁路上真出了问题，人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。事实上，差错很可能是我们自己，而不是铁路当局的。
我查看了列车时刻表，满意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海温的快车。这是趟直达车，旅途总共才需1小时17分钟。上车后，我不禁注意到许多当地人也上了车。一开始，我并不感到奇怪，我想除我之外，想利用快车之便的也一定大有人在。火车开出几英里即在一个小站威德里停了下来。对此，我不觉得奇怪，因为即便是特别快车也可能被信号拦住。但是，当火车一站接着一站往前蠕动时，我便产生了怀疑。我突然感到这趟快车并没以时速90英里的速度呼啸前进，而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行，时速仅30英里。1小时17分过去了，走了还不到一半路程。我问一位乘客，这是不是开往威斯特海温的那趟快车，他说从未听说过有这么一趟快车。我决定到目的地就给铁路部门提意见。两小时后，我气呼呼地同威斯特海温站站长说起此事。他说根本没有这趟车。于是我借他本人的列车时刻表，我带着一种胜利者的调子告诉他那趟车白纸黑字。明明白白印在时刻表上。他迅速地扫视了一眼，让我再看一遍。一个小小的星形符号把我的目光引到了那页底部一个说明上。上面写着：“此趟列车暂停运行。”
【课文讲解】
背诵：We have learnt to expect that trains willbe punctual.
We' ve learnt to
expect that …… 我们已经习惯于期盼……
背诵：After years of conditioning, most of us havedeveloped an unshakable faith in railway timetables.
develop anunshakable faith in sth 对……产生了……样的信念
背诵：Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall mighttemporarily dislocate railway services.
It is all too easyto blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出现了all, only, but, not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义
Eg:He was but tooeager to get home.
One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老
be likely to do 有可能...
Eg: You are likelyto get success if you work hard.
It is likelythat...
It is likely thathe arrived here in time.
probable 不能与不定式搭配 比possible 可能性大
Eg: It is probable/ possible that...
Eg: It is probable/ possible that he will speak to you.
It is possible forus to finish the work in an hour.
L37-03 end 9’42”
L37-04 begin 9’01”
go direct from ...to ...
strike sb as 给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。
Eg: The activityatroke me as wasting time.
背熟：I reflected that there must be a great manypeople besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.
hold up==holdback, hinder, prevent
dawn on sb 渐渐被某人明白
barely==only
in black and white白纸黑字
Key structure
We' ve learnt to
expect that …… 我们已经习惯于期盼……
We' ve learnt to
expect that …… 我们已经习惯于期盼……
It is all too easyto blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出现了all, only, but, not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义
be likely to do 有可能...
It is likelythat...
The firstparagraph is important
go direct from ...to ...
strike sb as 给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。
hold up==holdback, hinder, prevent
dawn on sb 渐渐被某人明白
in black and white白纸黑字
L37-04 end 9’01”
L37-05 begin 11’40”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 When the writer consulted his railwaytimetable _____ .
a. he wanted tofind out how long the express train to Westhaven took
b. he wanted toknow the quickest way of getting to Westhaven by rail
c. he did notnotice how many stations there were on the way to Westhaven
d. he misread theinformation concerning the time the journey took
by rail ==by train
2 At what point did the writer realize that thetrain was not travelling at the speed of an express train?
a. When the trainhad reached the station after Widley.
b. When the trainhad been held up by signals.
c. After the trainhad stopped at several small stations.
d. After the trainhad covered a distance of thirty miles.
at the speedof 以……的速度
express train 特快列车
3 When the writer went to the station master,he complained about _____ .
a. the trainscheduled as an express train having in fact been a slow one
b. the lack ofcolour in the timetable
c. the lack of anyexpress trains from his local station to Westhaven
d. the fact thatthe Westhaven express had been suspended from service
complain about/of 抱怨
Structure
4 We have learnt to expect _____ punctual.(l.1)
a. trainsbeing b. trains to be c. of trains being d. trains are going to be
5 _____ exceptionally heavily might railwayservices be temporarily dislocated. (ll.5-6)
a. If only itsmowed b. Only in case it snows c. Only were it to snow d. Only when snow
only所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装，if条件句，如果if省略,were要前置
6 The express train went direct from my localstation to Westhaven _____ a mere hour and seventeen minutes. (l.10)
a. in b. lasting c. a journey which lasted d. a journey of
7 One hour and seventeen minutes passed _____still to cover half the distance. (ll.16-17)
a. before wehad b. before having c. when we had d. and we had
用a选项，则题干中的still应去掉。
8 When he denied the train’s existence, I askedif I _____ borrow his copy. (ll.19-20)
a. can b. may c. might d. was able to
Vocabulary
9 Even a mighty express train can be _____ bysignals. (l.14)
a. halted b. retarded c. slowed up d. delayed
held up == delayed
halt 停止
retard 防止
slow up 减慢
10 I determined to lodge a complaint _____ onarrival. (l.18)
a. firstly b. punctually c. straight d. immediately
11 _____ , I told him that it was there in blackand white. (ll.20-21)
a. Noting mytriumph b. Sounding triumphant c. On a triumphant note d. In my triumphant voice
12 Glancing at it briefly, he told me I should_____ . (l.21)
a. take anotherlook b. review it c. oerlook it d. have second sight
review 复习
overlook 忽视，宽恕，检查，监督
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. A
L37-05 7’20” [ Lesson 37 36:59 ]
（L37-05_38-01 begin 4’19”） [ Lesson 38 44:52 ]
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●calendar n.历法，日历
●historian n.历史学家
●unique adj.无与伦比的
●steadily adv.不断地
●solely adv.唯一地
●video n.录像
●CD-ROM n.（只读）光盘驱动器
●bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱
●deduce v.推断，推理
●scanty adj.不足的，贫乏的
●clue n.线索
●insignificant adj. 不重要的
●shed v.使流出，泻
●advent n.出现，到来，来临
●agriculture n. 农业
●assumption n.假定，设想
●dot n.小圆点
●symbol n.符号
●engrave v.雕刻
●ivory n.象牙制品
●mammoth n.（古）长毛象
●phase n.月相，天相
●tusk n.獠牙，长牙、象牙
●primitive adj.原始的
●nomad n.游牧民
●depict v.描画，描绘
●correlate v.使相互联系
■calendar n. 历法，日历
calender 轮压机
■historian n. 历史学家
historic 具有历史意义的
This is a historicspeech.
historical 与历史研究有关系的
historical
research 历史研究
■unique adj. 无与伦比的
unique: uneaqualed
Speech is a uniquehuman ability
unique 不能接受比较级，可以接受quite, almost, nearly, surely, really等修饰，但不能接受rather,very等词的修饰。
unique 独一无二的，因唯一而独特
speical 注重性质的特殊
especial 强调超过其他的全部
Eg: This is amatter of especial importance.
This is aespecially important matter.
particular 特定的，着重同类中某一个所有独特的性质
Pineapples have
particular flavour. 菠萝有特别的味道。
exceptional
extraordinary 特别的，与众不同的
Eg: The warm weatheris exceptional for Jamuary.
L37-05_38-01 end 11’40”
L38-02 begin 10’46”
■steadily adv. 不断地
■solely adv. 唯一地
■video n. 录像
■CD-ROM n. （只读）光盘驱动器
■bewilder v. 令人眼花缭乱
bewilder: confuse
Eg: she wasbewildered by so many beautiful dresses.
puzzle 某问题因复杂而令人费解
Eg: I am puzzledby the problem.
perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）
Eg: He is perplexed for the answer.
bewilderment: n.
in bewilderment 茫然不知所措
■deduce v. 推断，推理
deduce: determineor decide sth. by given facts.
Eg: I deduce the conclusionfrom the given facts.
deduce …from 从…中推论，推断
infer 推断（不表示过程）
Eg: What can youinfer from the text?
deduce ==> (ant.) indece归纳
■scanty adj. 不足的，贫乏的
scanty: too few,not enough
scanty knowledge 一知半解
a scanty crop 欠收
be scanty of sth 奇缺
be short of 短缺
Eg: The village
school is scanty of textbooks. 这乡村学校奇缺教材。
be want of = in
need of 需要……
■clue n. 线索
■insignificant adj. 不重要的
■shed v. 使流出，泻
shed: pour out
shed tears 泪流满面
shed light 发光
shed light on sb. 启发，启迪
shed one’s blood
for country 为祖国而流血。
shed one's clothes脱去衣服
■advent n. 出现，到来，来临
advent: coming orarrival
at the advent of
winter 在冬天到来的时候
at the advent of 在…到来的时候
since the advent
of 自从…的到来
■agriculture n. 农业
■assumption n. 假定，设想
■dot n. 小圆点
■symbol n. 符号
■engrave v. 雕刻
■ivory n. 象牙制品
■mammoth n. （古）长毛象
■phase n. 月相，天相
■tusk n. 獠牙，长牙、象牙
■primitive adj. 原始的
■nomad n. 游牧民
■depict v. 描画，描绘
■correlate v. 使相互联系
【Text】
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
Listen to the tape then answer the questionbelow.
What is the importance of the dots, lines, andsymbols engraved on stone, bones and ivoury?
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[endif]Future historianswill be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our owntimes. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass ofevidence that steadily accumulates. What is more they will not have to relysolely on the written word. Films, videos. CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of thebewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were,to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct thedistant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what hecan from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remainscan shed interesting light on the history of early man.
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[endif]Up to now,historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent ofagriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand somethingabout the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that thisassumption is incorrect.
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[endif]Historians have longbeen puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls,bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings livedby hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C.and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts ofthe world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They havefound that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that thehunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression.They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing.It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings andthe markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a realeffort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
参考译文
未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。
历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。
长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。
【课文讲解】
in the uniqueposition 处于无以伦比，独一无二的情况
come to: start,begin
背熟：They will hardly know which facts to selectfrom the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.
select from 从……中进行选择(同类中)
choose挑选（凭个人意愿）
一、有三种情况choose和 select不能互换：
1．当在两者中选一个时只能用choose, 即choosebetween
Eg: We have tochoose between leaving early and paying for taxi.
2．choose可带 wh从句
Eg: I'll let youchoose where we should go to eat.
3．choose to do 只能用choose.
Eg: What invariably
happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the
same moment.（L33 ）
He has deliberately chosen to lead the lifehe leads and is fully aware of the consequences. (L27)
二、select比choose更正式， 即在许多同类的人或物当中根据客观标准对这两个加以比较，鉴别，认真地挑选出最好的、最喜欢的、最有用的。
great mass of ==
too much ＝＝agreat amount of
evidence 不可数名词；不能手a great many, a large number of
Eg: She selected ablue dress from the wardrobe.
You have beenselected to present us on the committee.
L38-02 end 10’46”
L38-03 begin 11’22”
what is more 更有甚者，furthremore,moreover是的意思
what is worse 更糟糕的是
rely on ==count on
==depend on 依靠，指望
Eg: You can’t relyon others.
He can’t be reliedon.
solely adv. 唯一地
means: only, just,nearly
bewilder 令人眼花缭乱
bewildering 令人眼花缭乱的
bewildered 感到眼花缭乱的
背熟：They will be able, as it were, to see andhear us in action.
in action 行动中的，活动中的
as it were 可以说，似乎，好像
Eg: He is as it
were a walking dictionary. 他可以说是一部活字典
Computers can never as it were leadindependent lives. 电脑不能过独立的生活
as it is=in
fact=in really=actually=as a matter of fact 事实上
Eg: I thoughtthings would get better,but as it is , they are getting worse.
In many ways
children lives as it were in a different world from the adults. 在许多方面，孩子们可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。
But the historianattempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficulttask.
be faced with: bein the position in which one must deal with a problem or unpleasant situation.
面临（因境，问题）
Eg: Automobile
industry is faced with a bad future now. 汽车工业正面临着令人担忧的未来。
A great many
people are faced with losing their jobs. 许多人面临着失业。
In my opinion, youare faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.
The student
attempting to learn English well in a year is faced with a difficult task. 企图在一年之内把英语学好的学生面临着巨大的难题。
available adj. 可利用的
Eg: I havedictionary availabe for you.
Is there a placeavailable for us to have a chat.
I know you are inneed of help, but excuse me, I don’t have any students available for you.
remains ==ruins 遗迹，遗物
insignificant==unimportant
shed light
on=throw light on = cast light on 意思是：make a
matter clear or understood 解释，说明，提示
L38-03 end 11’22”
L38-04 begin 11’59”
Eg: This
information shed light on the problem. 这份情报会搞清楚这一问题。
Can you shed any
light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？
She will shed
light on the case of stolen jewels. 好将能够揭示这次珠宝失窃案。
★★★Paragraph 1★★★
in the uniqueposition
select from
the great mass ofevidence
the bewilderingamount of information
what is more
as it were
in action
be faced with
available
shed interestionlight on
up to now = so far到目前为止
come into being ==
come into existence 产生，出现
come to power 上台
come into use 开始使用
be faced with a
real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要。
Eg: We are facedwith a real need to learn English well.
indicate 揭示
which 引导定语从句，修饰the last Ice Age
correlate 相互联系
it is connectedwith == it is associated with
in fact 可以替换为as it is; actually, in reality
as near as 接近
★★★Paragraph 3 remembered ★★★
historian has longbeen puzzled by
live by huntingand fishing
read thisdifficult code
it has long beenknown that
make a real effortto understand the seasons
L38-04 end 11’59”
L38-05 begin 9’11”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In assuming that calendars came into beingwith the advent of agriculture, historians made the mistake of _____ .
a. relying solelyon the written word
b. disregardingthe markings that early man had been responsible for
c. supposing thatnomadic man had no reason to understand the seasons
d. not connectingthe passage of days with the phasesof the moon
2 The scientific evidence that has recentlycome to light is that _____ .
a. nomads engravedthe bones and tusks of the animals they killed
b. noads lived byhunting and fishing
c. nomadstravelled widely in various parts of the world
d. the markingsmade by variousnomadic groups all have a definite pattern
3 The paintings which have been found on thewalls of nomadic dwelling places _____ .
a. have taughthistorians something about the nomadic way of life
b. have no othercontent than their artistic merit
c. are not thoughtto be connected with an ancient calendar system
d. are invariably accompaniedby odd dots, lines and symbols
Structure
4 It _____ as if they could see nad hear us inaction. (ll.6-7)
a. was b. were c. should be d. will be
5 Even _____ seem insignificant remains canshed interesting … (ll.8-9)
a. they b. which c. what d. those to
6 Historians are now able to read thisdifficult code _____ markings made in … (ll.15-16)
a. withcorrelating b. having correlated c. which correlates d. for they correlate
7 _____ be a definite relation between thesepaintings and the …(ll.19-21)
a. It could b. There can c. There may d. It might
Vocabulary
8 Historians have long tried to _____ dots,lines and … (l.13)
a. puzzle b. puzzle out c. riddle d. detect
9 By correlating markings made in _____ partsof the world … (ll.15-16)
a. different b. several c. many d. other
10 ---- historians have been able to read _____. (l.16)
a. these puzzlingsigns b. this hard law c. thesedifficult signals d. this uneasy letter
11 Until recently historians assumed thatcalendars _____ with the advent of agriculture. (l.10)
a. came toexistence b. came toexisting c. cme to exist d. were existential
come to +动词原形：come to record ; come to exist ; come into existence
12 The people who lived by hunting and fishingduring the last Ice Age _____ .(ll.14-15)
a. wandered fromplace to place b. lived in villages c. first learnt to write d. learnt how to farm the land
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. A
L38-05 6’31” [ Lesson 38 44:52 ]
(L38-05_39-01 2’37”) [ Lesson 39 35:42 ]
§ Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●rough adj.崎岖不平的
●boulder n.大石块
●pit v.使得坑坑洼洼
●perturb v.使不安
●underestimate v. 低估
●swerve v.争转变
●scoop v.挖出
●hammer v.（用锤）击打，锤打
●ominously adv.有预兆的，不祥的
●rip v.划破，撕，扯
●petrol n.汽油
●stretch n.一大片（平地或水）
●obstacle n.障碍
●clump n.丛，簇
●fissure n.（石、地的）深缝
●renew v.重复
●pleading n.恳求
●gear n.（汽车）排档
●astride prep.骑，跨
●crack n.缝隙
●zigzag n.“之”字形
●shallow adj.浅的
●grind (ground, ground ) v.磨擦
●halt n.停
●dashboard n.（汽车上的）仪表盘
■rough adj. 崎岖不平的
Eg: We’d betternot take the rough road.
be rough on sb. 对某人苛刻，无礼
Don’t be rough onyour friends.
cut up rough 发脾气
L38-05_39-01 end 9’11”
L39-02 begin 9’23”
■boulder n. 大石块
■pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼
■perturb v. 使不安
verp upset
be perturbed about
sth 为…而心神不安
His threats didn’tperturb her in the least
disturb 并非用心去扰乱
Eg:It isdisturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quietcountryside.
plague 因病痛和类似的折磨而使人苦恼
Eg:The terrible diseaseplagued him
trouble
Eg:Sorry to giveyou trouble. / Sorry to trouble you.
worry
Eg:He is worriedabout his son’s safety.
fret
Eg:He fretedhimself all the time for news of her.
upset
Eg:I feel upsetnow because I am afraid I hurt you.
dismay 使沮丧
辨别：perturb ; disturb ; plague ; trouble ;worry ; fret ; upset ; dismay
■underestimate v. 低估
■swerve v. 争转变
■scoop v. 挖出
Eg:She sccped outsome sugar.
make a scoop 走运
Eg:That guy made ascoop.
■hammer v. （用锤）击打，锤打
■ominously adv. 有预兆的，不祥的
ominous adj.
Eg:Look at thoseominous black clouds.
omen n.
Eg:This is a good/ bad omen.
Eg:The clouds omenrain.
■rip v. 划破，撕，扯
tear
rip one's mask
away 撕下某人的假面具
let things
tip==let things be 听其自然
rip into 猛攻，抨击
rip off 偷窃
rip up theback 背后说坏话
■petrol n. 汽油
■stretch n. 一大片（平地或水）
at a stretch 连续的，一口气的，不停顿的
a stretch of land
a stretch of water
Eg: He worked forhours at a stretch.
We drove fast on astretch of open field.
He is unable towork for long stretches.
a stretch of hill 连绵不断的群山
vt.
He stretched outhis hand to get the apple.
There are forestsstretching for hundreds of miles.
Transport wasrather stretched in the Spring Festival.
■obstacle n. 障碍
Lack of educationis an obstacle to success.
constitue an
obstacle to 构成…的障碍
remove/ overcome
an obstacle 克服困难
put obstacle in
sb's way 妨碍某人的发展
obstacle to 介词to
L39-02 end 9’23”
L39-03 begin 9’04”
要英语中有好多动词要与介词to搭配：
key; answer;shred; advantage; disadvantage; admission; damage to
辨别：obstacle; obstruction; hindrance
Eg: Lake ofeducation is obstacle to success.
There must be anobstruction in the pipe.
You are more ofhindrance than help.
■clump n. 丛，簇
■fissure n. （石、地的）深缝
■renew v. 重复
■pleading n. 恳求
■gear n. （汽车）排档
■astride prep. 骑，跨
■crack n. 缝隙
■zigzag n. “之”字形
■shallow adj. 浅的
■grind (ground, ground )v. 磨擦
grind wheat intoflour
grind sth to
pieces 把……弄成碎片
grind one's teeth
in anger 气得咬牙切齿
■halt n. 停
==stop
They halt for afew minutes.
stop; halt; cease
Eg: The heart willcease to beat when life ceases.
pause vi.
He paused for abreath.
halt
They halted for afew minutes.
halt; cease;pause; stop
halt n.
come to a halt /
stop 停下来
■dashboard n. （汽车上的）仪表盘
【Text】
§Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about不必担心
Listen to the tape then answer the questionbelow.
What was thedifference between Bruce’s behaviour and that of other people?
[if !vml][endif]The rough road across the plain soon becameso bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had comefrom. Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes,Bruce was not in the least perturbed. Glancing at his map, he informed us thatthe next village was a mere twenty miles away. It was not that Bruce alwaysunderestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No matterwhat the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as itcould possibly go.
As we bumped overthe dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.The wheels scooped upstones which hammered ominously under the car. We felt sure that sooner orlater a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. Becauseof this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil andpetrol behind us.
What a relief itwas when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plainwhere the only obstacles were clumps of bushes. But there was worse to come.Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In response to renewed pleadings,Bruce stopped. Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in thecar. We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feetwide and four feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gearand drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack ashe followed its zig-zag course. Before we had time to worry about what mighthappen, we were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once more andtold us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. Our next obstacle wasa shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but inthe middle, the car came to a grinding halt. A yellow light on the dash- boardflashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in theengine!
参考译文
穿越平原的道路高低不平，开车走了不远，路面愈加崎岖。我们想劝说布鲁斯把车开回我们出发的那个村庄去。尽管路面布满石头，坑坑洼洼，但布鲁斯却一点儿不慌乱。他瞥了一眼地图，告诉我们前面再走不到20英里就是一个村庄。这并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难，而是他压根儿没有一点儿危险感。他认为不管路面情况如何，车必须以最高速度前进。
我们在尘士飞扬的道路上颠簸，车子东拐西弯，以躲开那些大圆石。车轮搅起的石块锤击车身，发出不祥的锤击声。我们想念迟早会飞起一个石块把油箱砸开一个窟窿，或者把发动机砸坏。因此，我们不时地掉过头，怀疑车后是否留下了机油和汽油的痕迹。
突然大石块不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有一簇簇灌木丛。这使我们长长地松了口气。但是更糟糕的事情在等着我们，离我们不远处，出现一个大裂缝。我们再次央求布鲁斯小心，他这才把车停了下来。我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。我们告诉他那个大裂缝长50码，宽2英尺，深4英尺。这也没有对他产生任何影响。布鲁斯挂上慢档，把两只前轮分别搁在裂缝的两边，顺着弯弯曲曲的裂缝，以发疯的速度向前开去。我们还未来得及担心后果，车已重新开上了平地。布鲁斯又看了一眼地图，告诉我们那座村庄离我们只有15英里了。下一个障碍是一片约半英里宽的浅水塘。布鲁斯向水塘冲去，但车开到水塘当中，嘎吱一声停住了。仪表盘一盏黄灯闪着刺眼的光芒，布鲁斯兴致勃勃地宣布发动机里没油了！
【课文讲解】
Nothing to worry about
get sb. to dosth.: persuade / advise sb. to do
Please get them tofinish the work as quickly as possible.
Please get him togive up smoking.
be littered with
be pitted with
even though: evenif
not in the least=not at all / not a bit/ not the least bit 一点也不
not a little =very much
by no means= in no
way =on no account =at no times= under no circumstances 绝不
a mere==only （必须和不定冠词搭配）
It was not (to say
)…… 这并不是说
dusty track==dustyroad
L39-03 end 9’04”
L39-04 begin 9’25”
look back 回头看
wondering 从句做伴随状况状语
How relieved wewere
give way to 为……所代替
Eg: The greatclouds gradually broke up and give way to blue sky.
He has nointention of iving way to your demands.
in response to :in reaction to
本课优秀结构：Before we had time to worry about whatmight happen, we were back on the plain again.
hardly ... when...
He had hardly hadtime to settle down when he sold the house.
Before he hadhardly had time to worry about what might happen when we were back on the planeagain.
L39-04 end 9’25”
L39-05 begin
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Why were the passengers so relieved when theboulders disappeared?
a. Bruce could nowdrive even faster.
b. They hadcovered the greater part of the distance to the village.
c. It seemed lesslikely that they would meet with disaster.
d. They had seenthe huge fissure that lay ahead of them.
2 When they reached the fissure, Bruce stoppedthe car because _____ .
a. the passengershad begged him to do so
b. he wanted toknow the exact dimensions of the fissure
c. he thought itwas safer to drie across it without the passengers
d. he was not surewhether the car was wide enough to bridge it
In response torenewed pleadings , Bruce stopped.
3 Bruce’s reaction to the final episode showsthat _____ .
a. he was not thesort of person to be perturbed by anything
b. he wasextremely brave in face of danger
c. he hadunderestimated the depth of the pool
d. when it came tocrossing water, his driving was nto good enough
(背熟)
Structure
4 He believed _____ a car as fast as it couldpossibly go. (ll.7-8)
a. driving in b. he would drive c. to drive d. in driving
believe sb. / sth.that / in
5 _____ when the boulders suddenly disappeared.(l.13)
a. How relieved wefelt b. What a relief we werefeeling
c. So relieved wefelt d. How we felt relieved
what感叹句的主体词是名词；how 感叹句的主体词是形容词。
6 Bruce _____ whenthe car came to a grinding halt. (l.21)
a. hadchargedthrough it midway b. charged throughit to the middle
c. charged midwaythrough it d. was in the middle ofcharging through it
7 Bruce cherfully announced that the engine_____ out of oil. (l.22)
a. ran b. had run c. was running d. has run
run out of
Vocabulary
8 Glancing at his map, heinformed us that thenext village was _____ twenty miles away. (ll.4-5)
a. simply b. boringly c. only d. in significantly
9 ---- where nothing could _____ but clumps oftrees. (ll.13-14)
a. hinder ourrogress b. spoil our course c. hold up our train d. harm our way
hinder== obstacle
10 When we pleaded _____ , bruce stopped. (l.15)
a. afresh b. aloud c. repeatedly d. forcibly
11 He said: ‘It’s fifteen miles _____ thevillage. ’ (ll.19-20)
a. until b. to c. from d. before
12 ---- obstacle was a shallow pool of waterhalf a mile _____ . (ll.20-21)
a. side byside b. from top to bottom c. from side to side d. up and down
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2.A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10 .C 11. B 12. C
